Power-Plant Control and Instrumentation

by Lindsley, David

• ISBN13: 9780852967652
• ISBN10: 0852967659
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-02-01
• Publisher: Inst of Engineering & Technology

Summary

Intended as a practical guide to the design, installation, operation and maintenance of the systems used for measuring and controlling boilers and heat-recovery steam-generators used in land and marine power plants and in process industries.

Author Biography

David Lindsley is a Fellow of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, a Fellow of the Institute of Marine Engineers and a Senior Member of the Instrument Society of America. He provides consultancy services to the power and process industries

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Diagrammatic symbols	p. xiii
Abbreviations and terms used in this book	p. xv
The basics of steam generation and use	p. 1
Why an understanding of steam is needed	p. 1
Boiling: the change of state from water to steam	p. 2
The nature of steam	p. 4
Thermal efficiency	p. 9
The gas turbine and combined-cycle plants	p. 10
Summary	p. 12
The steam and water circuits	p. 13
Steam generation and use	p. 13
The steam turbine	p. 15
The condensate and feed-water system	p. 17
The feed pumps and valves	p. 21
The water and steam circuits of HRSG plant	p. 21
Summary	p. 23
The fuel, air and flue-gas circuits	p. 25
The furnace	p. 25
The air and gas circuits	p. 27
Fuel systems	p. 35
Igniter systems	p. 44
Burner-management systems	p. 45
Gas turbines in combined-cycle applications	p. 46
Summary	p. 46
Setting the demand for the steam generator	p. 49
Nature of the demand	p. 49
Setting the demand in power-station applications	p. 50
The master demand in a power-station application	p. 53
Load demand in combined heat and power plants	p. 59
Waste-to-energy plants	p. 60
Summary	p. 61
Combustion and draught control	p. 63
The principles of combustion control	p. 64
Working with multiple fuels	p. 79
The control of coal mills	p. 81
Draught control	p. 91
Binary control of the combustion system	p. 95
Summary	p. 100
Feed-water control and instrumentation	p. 103
The principles of feed-water control	p. 103
One, two and three-element control	p. 103
Measuring and displaying the drum level	p. 112
The mechanisms used for feed-water control	p. 121
Pumps	p. 127
De-aerator control	p. 131
Summary	p. 134
Steam-temperature control	p. 135
Why steam-temperature control is needed	p. 135
The spray-water attemperator	p. 136
Temperature control with tilting burners	p. 150
Controlling the temperature of reheated steam	p. 151
Gas recycling	p. 152
Summary	p. 152
Control equipment practice	p. 153
A typical DCS configuration	p. 153
Interconnections between the systems	p. 157
Equipment selection and environment	p. 158
Mechanical factors and ergonomics	p. 159
Electrical actuators	p. 168
Hydraulic actuators	p. 168
Cabling	p. 169
Electromagnetic compatibility	p. 169
Reliability of Systems	p. 172
Summary	p. 180
Requirements definition and equipment nomenclature	p. 183
Overview	p. 183
Defining the requirements	p. 183
The KKS equipment identification system	p. 186
Summary	p. 195
Upgrading and refurbishing systems	p. 197
The reasons behind the changes	p. 198
Living with change	p. 199
Making the decision to change	p. 201
A refurbishment case study	p. 202
Why refurbish?	p. 204
Documenting the present system configuration	p. 205
Summary	p. 205
Further reading	p. 209
Index	p. 213
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