Practical Applications of Fuzzy Technologies

by Zimmermann, H. J.

• ISBN13: 9780792386285
• ISBN10: 0792386280
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-01-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

Since the late 1980s, a large number of very user-friendly tools for fuzzy control, fuzzy expert systems, and fuzzy data analysis have emerged. This has changed the character of this area and started the area of 'fuzzy technology'. The next large step in the development occurred in 1992 when almost independently in Europe, Japan and the USA, the three areas of fuzzy technology, artificial neural nets and genetic algorithms joined forces under the title of 'computational intelligence' or 'soft computing'. The synergies which were possible between these three areas have been exploited very successfully. Practical Applications of Fuzzy Sets focuses on model and real applications of fuzzy sets, and is structured into four major parts: engineering and natural sciences; medicine; management; and behavioral, cognitive and social sciences. This book will be useful for practitioners of fuzzy technology, scientists and students who are looking for applications of their models and methods, for topics of their theses, and even for venture capitalists who look for attractive possibilities for investments.

Table of Contents

Series Foreword	xv
Didier Dubois
Henri Prade
Preface	xvii
Hans-Jurgen Zimmermann
Contributing Authors	xxiii
Part I ENGINEERING AND NATURAL SCIENCES
Fuzzy Control in the Process Industry: Common Practice and Challenging Perspectives	3	(54)
Jan Jantzen
Jens-Jorgen Ostergaard
Henk B. Verbruggen
Introduction	3	(4)
Design of Simple Fuzzy Controllers	7	(25)
Structure of a Fuzzy Controller	11	(13)
Table Based Controller	24	(2)
Input-Output Mapping	26	(3)
Takagi-Sugeno Type Controller	29	(2)
Summary	31	(1)
Advanced Fuzzy Control in the Process Industry	32	(11)
Advanced Control Schemes Based on Simple Controllers	33	(1)
Fuzzy Inverse Control	33	(1)
Fuzzy Internal Model Control	34	(1)
Fuzzy Model-Based Predictive Control	35	(4)
Fuzzy Decision Making in Control	39	(2)
MIMO Aspects of Fuzzy Control	41	(2)
High Level Process Control	43	(14)
High Level Control Expectations	45	(1)
High Level Control Configurations	46	(2)
Design of High Level Control Strategies	48	(5)
Installation of High Level Control Strategies	53	(1)
Conclusion	54	(1)
References	54	(3)
Fuzzy Sets in Engineering Design	57	(62)
Erik K. Antonsson
Hans-Jurgen Sebastian
Introduction	57	(2)
Fuzzy Sets in Engineering Design -- Methodology	59	(26)
The Method of Imprecision	59	(9)
A Fuzzy Design Method (FDM)	68	(15)
Fuzzy Design by Evolutionary Strategies Combined with Fuzzy MADM	83	(2)
Implementation of Fuzzy Design Methods -- Software Tools for Fuzzy Engineering Design	85	(8)
The Imprecise Design Tool (IDT)	85	(4)
The KONWERK Workbench	89	(4)
Fuzzy Sets in Engineering Design -- Applications	93	(26)
Preliminary Vehicle Structure Design	93	(7)
Preliminary Design and Configuration of Future Space Launch Systems	100	(5)
Configuration of a Personal Computer	105	(7)
References	112	(7)
Supervision, Fault-Detection and Fault-Diagnosis Methods -- Advanced Methods and Applications	119	(42)
Rolf Isermann
Dominik Fussel
Introduction	119	(1)
Fault Detection and Fault Diagnosis	120	(3)
Analytic Symptom Generation	121	(1)
Heuristic Symptom Generation	122	(1)
Fault Diagnosis	122	(1)
Model-Based Fault Detection Methods	123	(15)
Process Models and Fault Modeling	123	(4)
Fault Detection with Parameter Estimation	127	(1)
Fault Detection with State Estimation and Observers	128	(4)
Fault Detection with Parity Equations	132	(2)
Fault Detection with Signal Models	134	(1)
Change Detection and Symptom Generation	135	(1)
Comparison of Fault-Detection Methods	136	(1)
Combination of Different Detection Methods	136	(2)
Fault-Diagnosis Methods	138	(11)
Symptom Representation	138	(2)
Diagnosis Using Classification Methods	140	(1)
Diagnosis Using Reasoning Methods	141	(8)
Applications	149	(12)
Fault Diagnosis of a D.C. Motor	149	(4)
Fault Diagnosis of a Machine Tool Feed Drive with Fuzzy Reasoning	153	(2)
References	155	(6)
Quality Control and Maintenance	161	(24)
Jens Strackeljan
Richard Weber
Introduction	161	(1)
Overview of Industrial Applications of Fuzzy Techniques in Quality Control and Maintenance	162	(2)
Presentation of Applications for Quality Control	164	(7)
Acoustic Quality Control of Saw Blades	164	(2)
Non-Destructive Testing of Metal-Bonded-to-Rubber Components	166	(2)
An Optical Color Measuring System Based on a Fuzzy Classifier	168	(3)
Applications of Fuzzy Logic for Maintenance	171	(11)
Condition Monitoring of Rotating Machinery	171	(5)
Diagnosis Systems and their Integration into the Site-Wide Production and Maintenance Management	176	(2)
Maintenance of Petro-Chemical Plants	178	(4)
Conclusion and Future Prospectives	182	(3)
References	182	(3)
Using Fuzzy Logic for Mobile Robot Control	185	(22)
Alessandro Saffiotti
Enrique H. Ruspini
Kurt Konolige
Introduction	185	(2)
Fuzzy Behaviors	187	(2)
Implementation of a Fuzzy Behavior	189	(2)
Taking Goals into Consideration	191	(2)
Blending of Behaviors	193	(3)
Experiments	196	(4)
Discussion	200	(2)
Conclusions	202	(5)
References	203	(4)
Civil Engineering (Including Earthquake Engineering)	207	(40)
Felix S. Wong
Karen C. Chou
James T.P. Yao
Historic Perspective	208	(1)
Scope of Applications	209	(4)
How Fuzzy Sets are Applied	213	(1)
Applications Protocols	213	(18)
Structured Processing	214	(1)
Unstructured Processing	215	(9)
Expert Systems	224	(3)
Intelligent Systems	227	(4)
Other Resources	231	(1)
Future Outlook	232	(15)
More Application of Fuzzy Inference to Condition Assessment	232	(1)
More Comparative and Modeling Studies	233	(1)
More Comparison of Models with Experiments	234	(1)
More Applications of Genetic and Intelligent Algorithms	235	(1)
References	236	(11)
Ecological Modeling and Data Analysis	247	(20)
Arkadiusz Salski
Uncertainty Problems in Ecological Research	247	(1)
Fuzzy Approach to Ecological Modeling and Data Analysis	248	(2)
Fuzzy Cluster Analysis	250	(6)
A Fuzzy Cluster Analysis of Chemicals According to their Ecotoxicological Properties	251	(5)
Fuzzy Knowledge-Based Models	256	(8)
A Fuzzy Knowledge-Based Model of the Annual Production of Skylarks in Pure Crop Areas	257	(4)
A Fuzzy Knowledge-Based Model of the Population Dynamics of the Yellow-Necked Mouse (Apodemus Flavicollis) in a Beech Forest	261	(3)
Final Remarks	264	(3)
References	264	(3)
Fuzzy Sets Approach to Spatial Analysis	267	(34)
Yee Leung
Introduction	267	(1)
Approximate Characterization of Fuzzy Spatial Concepts	268	(5)
Linguistic Characterization of Distance	269	(2)
Linguistic Characterization of Connection	271	(1)
Linguistic Characterization of Direction	271	(2)
Regional Concepts and Regionalization	273	(7)
Regional Characterization	273	(4)
Regional Assignment	277	(2)
Grouping for Regions	279	(1)
Preference Structure and Spatial Equilibrium Analysis under Fuzziness	280	(5)
Fuzzy Preference Structure	282	(1)
Fuzzy Utility and Optimization	283	(2)
Spatial Planning Through Fuzzy Optimization	285	(2)
Spatial Information and Intelligent Spatial Decision Support Systems	287	(4)
Geographic Information Systems	288	(2)
Intelligent Spatial Decision Support Systems	290	(1)
Conclusion	291	(10)
References	294	(7)
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering	301	(20)
Willi Meier
Introduction	301	(1)
Application Areas	302	(13)
Analytical Chemistry	302	(5)
Application of Fuzzy Logic in Theoretical Chemistry	307	(3)
Application of Fuzzy Logic in Medical Chemistry	310	(3)
Chemical Engineering	313	(2)
Summary and Outlook	315	(6)
References	316	(5)
Part II MEDICINE
Fuzzy Logic and Possibility Theory in Biomedical Engineering	321	(16)
Kurt Becker
Introduction	321	(1)
Example I: An Intelligent Decision Support- and Alarm System for Cardiac Anaesthesia	322	(4)
Example II: A Fuzzy Controller for a Total Artificial Heart (TAH)	326	(2)
Other Applications of Fuzzy Logic and Possibility Theory in Biomedical Engineering	328	(4)
Data Pre-Processing and Classification Systems	328	(2)
Fuzzy Control Applications	330	(2)
Expert Systems	332	(1)
Discussion	332	(5)
References	333	(4)
Approximate Reasoning in Computer-Aided Medical Decision Systems	337	(26)
Jean-Christophe Buisson
Introduction	337	(1)
Critical Survey of Significant Systems	338	(17)
MYCIN, the Pioneer	338	(2)
CADIAG-2: General Internal Medicine	340	(4)
NUTRI-EXPERT: Diet Monitoring	344	(2)
Fuzzy Arithmetic	346	(1)
Fuzzy Pattern Matching	347	(1)
Global Matching Evaluation	347	(3)
RENOIR/MILORD	350	(1)
Cardioanaesthesia Monitoring	351	(1)
Other Systems	352	(3)
Concluding Discussion	355	(8)
References	358	(5)
Image Processing in Medicine	363	(56)
James C. Bezdek
Melanie A. Sutton
Medical Image Processing	363	(2)
Numerical Pattern Recognition	365	(3)
Performance Evaluation	368	(3)
Feature Extraction	371	(2)
Image Segmentation	373	(2)
Unsupervised Segmentation: Track USA	375	(10)
Unsupervised Segmentation: Track USB	385	(2)
Supervised Segmentation: Track Su	387	(3)
Digital Mammography	390	(2)
Databases for Digital Mammography	392	(3)
A Typical Mammographic Analysis System	395	(4)
Three Dimensional Applications	399	(6)
Conclusions and Discussion	405	(14)
References	409	(10)
Part III MANAGEMENT
Strategic Planning	419	(26)
Miroslawa Lasek
Introduction	419	(2)
Fuzzy Portfolio Analysis	421	(5)
Hierarchical Structures of Fuzzy Ratings	426	(9)
A Fuzzy Linguistic Approach in Strategic Planning of CIM Implementation	435	(3)
Fuzzy Expert Systems in Strategic Planning	438	(4)
Summary	442	(3)
References	442	(3)
Decision and Planning in Research and Development	445	(34)
Brigitte Werners
Richard Weber
Introduction	445	(1)
Strategic Planning of Research and Development	446	(5)
Selection of R&D Projects and Programs	451	(12)
R&D Project Management in Uncertain Environments	463	(8)
Simultaneous Engineering, Configuration, Design	471	(2)
Conclusion	473	(6)
References	474	(5)
Production Planning and Scheduling -- Fuzzy and Crisp Approaches	479	(52)
I.B.Turksen
M.H. Fazel Zarandi
Introduction	479	(2)
Management of Imprecision	481	(1)
Fuzzy Expert Systems	482	(3)
Modules of an Expert System	483	(2)
Knowledge-Based Systems	485	(2)
Aggregate Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling	487	(16)
Detailed Scheduling Problems	488	(2)
Classification of Scheduling Problems	490	(2)
No-Wait and Blocking Production Planning and Scheduling	492	(1)
Examples of Classical Expert Systems	493	(5)
Fuzzy Expert Systems for Aggregate Production Planning and Scheduling	498	(5)
Detailed Fuzzy Production Planning and Scheduling	503	(7)
Fuzzy Systems for Just in Time (JIT) Production Planning and Scheduling	510	(3)
Push and Pull Systems	511	(2)
Cluster Analysis in Production Planning and Scheduling	513	(4)
Partitioning in Classical Production Planning and Scheduling	515	(1)
Group Technology	516	(1)
Lot Sizing	517	(1)
Conclusions	517	(14)
References	518	(13)
Fuzzy Sets Methodologies in Actuarial Science	531	(26)
Richard A. Derrig
Krzysztof Ostaszewski
Why is Actuarial Science so Late in Joining the Fuzzy Science?	531	(4)
Underwriting	535	(1)
Using Fuzzy Actuarial Present Values and Fuzzy Arithmetic	536	(3)
Risk and Claim Classification	539	(5)
Property/Casualty Insurance Pricing	544	(2)
Fuzzy Taxes	546	(3)
The Futures of Fuzzy Sets Methods in Actuarial Science	549	(8)
References	550	(7)
Part IV BEHAVIORAL, COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Fuzzy Set Theory and Applications in Psychology	557	(32)
Michael Smithson
Gregg C. Oden
Introduction	557	(1)
Graded Categories and Fuzzy Concepts	558	(3)
Measurement and Data Analysis	561	(2)
Modeling Linguistic Variables	563	(5)
Knowledge Representation and Categorization	568	(4)
Perception	572	(2)
Language Processing	574	(2)
Conclusion	576	(13)
References	577	(12)
Fuzzy Sets in Human Factors and Ergonomics	589	(34)
Waldemar Karwowski
WookGee Lee
Jerzy Grobelny
Yung-Nien Yang
Introduction	589	(2)
Models of Human Machine-Environment Systems	591	(4)
Fuzziness of the Human-Machine System	591	(1)
The Human Functioning	592	(3)
Assessment of Human Workload	595	(1)
Examples of Early Applications of Fuzzy Systems in Human Factors and Ergonomics	595	(1)
Human Machine-System as a Fuzzy System	596	(1)
Fuzziness and Human-System Incompatibility	597	(1)
Recent Applications of Fuzzy Methodologies in Human Factors	598	(13)
Human-Machine Reliability and Fuzziness	598	(1)
Ergonomic Fuzziness in Human-Computer Interaction	599	(5)
Fuzzy Modeling of Physical Tasks	604	(3)
Modeling of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders	607	(4)
Fuzzy Systems in Human-Machine Research	611	(2)
Modeling of Human Sensations	611	(1)
Modeling of Human Stress	612	(1)
Assessment of Mental Workload	613	(3)
Evaluation of Mental Workload	613	(1)
Modeling of Human Cognitive Processes	614	(2)
Human-Robot Interaction	616	(1)
Conclusions	616	(7)
References	617	(6)
Part V TOOLS
Fuzzy System Development: Software Methodology and Design Tools	623	(24)
Witold Pedrycz
Introduction	623	(1)
System Development -- Life Cycle Model	624	(4)
Fuzzy Controllers in the Framework of Life Cycle Model Design Issues	626	(2)
Classes of Software Resources	628	(1)
Hardware Versus Software Implementation	629	(1)
Selected Software Development Tools	629	(17)
Manifold Editor and Manifold Graphics Editor	629	(2)
Fuzzy Logic Designer Ver. 1.0	631	(1)
FuzzyTECH 3.0 Explorer Edition	632	(2)
Linguistic Fuzzy Logic Controller for Education LFLC-edu Ver. 1.0	634	(2)
Fuzzy Logic Development Kit (FULDEK)	636	(1)
MATRIXX/SystemBuild	637	(2)
A Fuzzy Logic Knowledge Base Generator for the MC68HC11 and MCH68HC05 Inference Engines	639	(1)
Fuzz-C, a Preprocessor for Fuzzy Logic, Ver. 1.00	639	(1)
FuziCalc Ver. 1.00 for Microsoft Windows	640	(1)
Fuzzy Decision-Maker Ver. 2.1	641	(1)
DataEngine Ver. 1.2	642	(1)
RTFCM Ver. 1.4	643	(1)
WINROSA	644	(2)
Conclusions	646	(1)
References	646	(1)
Index	647