A Practical Guide To Crisis Intervention

by Cavaiola, Alan; Colford, Joseph E.

• ISBN13: 9780618116324
• ISBN10: 061811632X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-02-01
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Designed for students in counseling, psychology, social work, human services, and crisis workers in-training, this text combines a general introduction to crisis theory and intervention with practical strategies for counseling crisis victims. The L-A-P-C model--a simple yet effective set of intervention techniques applicable to any type of crisis situation by crisis workers at any level of experience--is introduced in Chapter 2. Characteristics of effective crisis counseling and an overview of other theoretical intervention models are also presented throughout the text. Types of crises are examined in Chapters 3 through 9. Topics include child abuse and neglect, family violence, drug addiction, suicide, rape or sexual assault, and loss of a loved one. Large-scale crises and interventions are addressed in Chapter 10. The text looks at how communities, government, and professional organizations respond to events like natural disasters--special consideration is given to the strategies employed following the terrorist attacks of 9/11.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
About the Authors	xv
1 Understanding Crisis	1	(18)
Defining Crisis	3	(1)
Types of Crises	4	(5)
Developmental Crises	5	(2)
Traumatic Event Crises	7	(1)
Existential Crises	8	(1)
Psychiatric Crises	8	(1)
Crisis Reactions: A Continuum of Response	9	(6)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	10	(2)
Acute Stress Disorder	12	(1)
Adjustment Disorder	12	(3)
Multicultural Awareness and Crisis Intervention	15	(4)
Awareness of Cultural Diversity	15	(1)
Cultural Competence	16	(4)
Sources of Chapter Enrichment	17	(2)
2 Crisis Intervention Skills	19	(28)
Responses to Crisis	20	(3)
The Physical Response	21	(1)
The Emotional Response	22	(1)
The Cognitive Response	22	(1)
Characteristics of Effective Crisis Intervention	23	(4)
Empowerment-Focused Crisis Intervention	24	(1)
Flexible Crisis Intervention	25	(2)
Characteristics of Effective Crisis Counselors	27	(4)
Empathy, Genuineness, and Acceptance and Positive Regard	30	(1)
Crisis Intervention Techniques: The LAPC Model	31	(16)
Step 1: Listen	32	(10)
Putting Empathy, Genuineness, and Acceptance Into Practice	35	(7)
Step 2: Assess	42	(1)
Step 3: Plan	43	(1)
Step 4: Commit	44	(9)
Sources of Chapter Enrichment	45	(2)
3 Child Abuse and Neglect	47	(26)
Definitional Issues	48	(3)
Incidence of Child Abuse and Neglect	51	(2)
Factors Contributing to Child Abuse and Neglect	53	(3)
Family Income	54	(1)
Family Structure	55	(1)
Family Size	55	(1)
Other Factors	56	(1)
Types of Abuse	56	(2)
Physical Abuse	56	(1)
Physical Neglect	57	(1)
Sexual Abuse	57	(1)
Emotional Abuse	58	(1)
Symptoms and Warning Signs	58	(1)
Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Abuse	59	(3)
Mitigating Factors	61	(1)
Reporting Suspected Abuse	62	(2)
Disclosure of Abuse	63	(1)
Intervening After a Report of Abuse	64	(9)
Be Clear About the Limits of Confidentiality	65	(1)
Respect the Child's Privacy	65	(1)
Begin the Interview with Informal Conversation	66	(1)
Maintain a Calm Demeanor	66	(1)
Use Good Listening and Child-Oriented Communication Skills	66	(1)
Validate the Child's Feelings	67	(1)
Avoid Questions That Imply Blame or Guilt	67	(1)
Tell the Child What Will Happen Next	68	(1)
Crisis Intervention Case Example	69	(5)
Sources of Chapter Enrichment	71	(2)
4 Intimate Partner Violence and Domestic Violence	73	(26)
Scope of the Problem	74	(8)
The Battered Woman	76	(2)
Characteristics Common to Batterers	78	(3)
The Cycle of Violence	81	(1)
Multicultural Considerations	82	(1)
Crisis Intervention	83	(10)
Survivor Therapy with Battered Women	86	(1)
Programs for Batterers	87	(6)
Intervening With Domestic Violence Cases	93	(6)
Crisis Intervention Case Example 1	93	(1)
Crisis Intervention Case Example 2	94	(7)
Sources of Chapter Enrichment	97	(2)
5 Alcohol and Drug Crises	99	(26)
The Scope of Drug and Alcohol Problems	100	(1)
Defining Substance Use Disorders: Diagnostic Issues	101	(6)
The Need for Diagnoses	102	(1)
Substance Dependence	103	(1)
Substance Abuse	104	(1)
Substance Intoxication and Substance Withdrawal	105	(2)
Crisis Intervention and Case Management	107	(11)
Substance Intoxication: Crisis Intervention Case Example 1	109	(3)
Substance Withdrawal: Crisis Intervention Case Example 2	112	(2)
Substance Abuse: Crisis Intervention Case Example 3	114	(1)
Substance Dependence: Crisis Intervention Case Example 4	115	(1)
Family Intervention: Crisis Intervention Case Example 5	116	(2)
Treatment Options	118	(7)
Sources of Chapter Enrichment	122	(3)
6 Threats of Suicide, Homicide, and Other Violent Acts	125	(28)
Suicidal Crises	126	(15)
Scope and Definition of the Problem	126	(3)
Assessing Suicidal Risk	129	(5)
Crisis Intervention With Suicidal Individuals	134	(7)
The Aftermath of Suicide: Helping the Family and Significant Others	141	(1)
Homicidal and Violent Crises	141	(7)
Scope of the Problem	141	(1)
Assessing Homicidal and Violence Risk	142	(1)
Crisis Intervention With Homicidal or Violent Individuals	143	(5)
Issues of Confidentiality and Duty to Warn	148	(5)
Sources of Chapter Enrichment	151	(2)
7 Rape and Sexual Assault	153	(22)
Definitional Issues	154	(3)
Incidence of Rape And Sexual Assault	157	(1)
Unreported Rapes: The Confounding of the Statistics	157	(1)
Why Men Rape	158	(3)
Social-Cultural Explanations	158	(1)
Cognitive-Behavioral Explanations	159	(1)
Interpersonal Explanations	160	(1)
Social Learning Theory Explanations	160	(1)
Psychopathology Explanations	161	(1)
The Aftermath of Rape	161	(2)
Treatment and Intervention	163	(12)
Long-Term Therapeutic Options	163	(2)
Crisis Intervention: The LAPC Model in the Immediate Aftermath of the Assault	165	(11)
Sources of Chapter Enrichment	172	(3)
8 Loss and Bereavement	175	(26)
Defining Grief and Crises of Bereavement	176	(3)
Types of Grief Reactions	176	(1)
Pathological Reactions to Grief	177	(2)
Determinants of Grief Reactions	179	(4)
The Grieving Process	183	(3)
Grieving and the Terminally Ill	183	(1)
Phases of Mourning	184	(1)
The Tasks of Mourning	185	(1)
Crisis Intervention in Bereavement and Loss	186	(11)
Terminal Illness: Crisis Intervention Case Example 1	190	(2)
Traumatic Death: Crisis Intervention Case Example 2	192	(1)
Bereavement in Children: Crisis Intervention Case Example 3	193	(2)
Death of an Infant: Crisis Intervention Case Example 4	195	(1)
Death of a Pet: Crisis Intervention Case Example 5	196	(1)
Grief and Divorce	197	(4)
Scope of the Divorce Problem	198	(1)
Crisis Intervention in Cases of Divorce	199	(3)
Sources of Chapter Enrichment	199	(2)
9 Crisis Intervention in the Schools: When Teamwork Counts	201	(32)
Defining School Crises	202	(2)
Crises of Violence	202	(1)
Crises of Suicide and Sudden Death	203	(1)
Crises in Our Schools Today: Causal Factors	204	(1)
National and Community Responses to School Crises	205	(1)
A Model of Crisis Intervention for the Schools	206	(1)
Primary Prevention	206	(1)
Secondary Prevention	207	(1)
Tertiary Intervention	207	(1)
Applying the Model: Prevention	207	(12)
Developing a School Crisis Plan	208	(3)
Developing a School Crisis Team	211	(2)
Roles of Crisis Team Members	213	(3)
Training the Crisis Team	216	(3)
Applying the Model: Secondary Prevention (Intervention)	219	(9)
School Crisis Intervention Case Example 1	219	(4)
School Crisis Intervention Case Example 2	223	(2)
School Crisis Intervention Case Example 3	225	(3)
Applying the Model: Tertiary Prevention (Postvention)	228	(7)
A Postvention Ritual: Memorials	228	(1)
A Caveat: When the Death Is a Suicide	229	(6)
Sources of Chapter Enrichment	230	(3)
10 Community Responses to Crisis	233	(24)
A Light Among the Rubble	235	(1)
Volunteers: Grassroots Response to Crisis	235	(6)
Who Volunteers?	237	(2)
The Government's Role in the Volunteer Effort	239	(2)
Crisis Services of Volunteer Organizations	241	(4)
American Red Cross	242	(1)
National Organization for Victim Assistance	243	(2)
Governmental Crisis Services	245	(3)
Federal Emergency Management Agency	245	(2)
National Institute of Mental Health	247	(1)
Center for Mental Health Services	247	(1)
Crisis Services of Professional Organizations	248	(2)
American Psychological Association	248	(1)
American Counseling Association	249	(1)
National Association of Social Workers	249	(1)
National Association of School Psychologists	250	(1)
Crisis Intervention With Groups	250	(7)
Critical Incident Stress Management	251	(2)
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing	253	(4)
Sources of Chapter Enrichment	255	(2)
References	257	(14)
Name Index	271	(6)
Subject Index	277