Practical Guide to MIMO Radio Channel with MATLAB Examples

by Brown, Tim; Kyritsi, Persefoni; De Carvalho, Elizabeth

• ISBN13: 9780470994498
• ISBN10: 0470994495
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-03-05
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

A comprehensive introduction to MIMO Radio Channel. An excellent reference to all who need a practical introduction to this topic. This book introduces the concept of the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radio channel, which is an intelligent communication method based upon using multiple antennas. It explaines MIMO in layman's terms to help people working in related areas to become easily familiarised. The structure of the book has been carefully arranged to allow a user to progress steadily through the chapters and understand the fundamental and mathematical principles behind MIMO through the visual and explanatory way it is written. Provides a summary of the current channel modeling approaches used by industry, academia and standardisation bodies Contains experimental and measurement based results Provides a comprehensive down to earth approach with concise and visual explanations of MIMO Radio Channel Covers a variety of system scenarios and explains the trade-offs involved in each Accompanying website containing MATLAB code and solutions to related problems

Author Biography

Dr Tim Brown, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK is a lecturer in mobile communications at the University of Surrey, UK, where he is conducting research in MIMO as well as teaching courses and seminars that include introducing MIMO as well as other aspects of mobile communications.

Dr Persefoni Kyritsi, Aalborg University, Denmark has worked in wireless communications for Lucent Technologies Bell Labs, in wireline communications for Deutsche Telekom, Frankfurt, and in circuit design for Intel Corporation and the Nokia Research Center, Helsinki- Finland. In 2001 she joined Aalborg University as an assistant research professor. From September 2003 until August 2005, she was a visiting researcher at the Department of Mathematics, Stanford University. Since September 2005, she holds the position of Assistant Professor at the Antennas, Propagation and Radio Networking Section at Aalborg University

Dr Elisabeth De Carvalho, Aalborg University was a post-doc at Stanford University, USA in 1999-2001. In 2001-2005, she worked in 2 start-ups in the USA and France. She also held short-term positions at Deutsche Telekom, and Lucent Technologies, Bell Labs, USA. She has worked on several aspects of wireless communications (GSM, CDMA, OFDM, wireless LANs, IEEE 802.16) and wireline communications (xDSL). In 2005, she joined Aalborg University as an Associate Professor. She has managed a project in collaboration with Samsung Electronics, Korea including 20 researchers and focusing mainly on MIMO and relay communications.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
List of Abbreviations	p. xiii
List of Symbols	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
From SISO to MISO/SIMO to MIMO	p. 2
Single Input Single Output SISO	p. 2
Single Input Multiple Output, SIMO, and Multiple Input Single Output, MISO	p. 3
Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO	p. 6
What Do We Need MIMO For?	p. 7
The Single User Perspective	p. 8
The Multiple User Perspective	p. 8
How Does MIMO Work? Two Analogies	p. 10
The Single User Perspective	p. 10
The Multiple User Perspective	p. 12
Conditions for MIMO to Work	p. 13
How Long Has MMO Been Around?	p. 14
Where is MIMO Being Used?	p. 15
Purpose of the Book	p. 16
Capacity of MEMO Channels	p. 17
Some Background on Digital Communication Systems	p. 18
Generation of Digital Signals	p. 18
Conversion/Formatting for Transmission	p. 19
Complex Baseband Representation	p. 19
Decoder	p. 19
Notion of Capacity	p. 20
Abstract Communication System	p. 20
Definition of Capacity	p. 22
Capacity Achieving Transceivers	p. 23
Channel State Information and Fading	p. 24
Fast and Slow Fading	p. 24
Channel State Information	p. 26
Narrowband MIMO Model	p. 27
Capacity of the Time-Invariant Channel	p. 28
Capacity of the Time-Invariant SISO Channel	p. 29
Time-Invariant SIMO Channel	p. 30
Time-Invariant MISO Channel	p. 32
Time-Invariant MIMO Channel: A Set of Parallel Independent AWGN Channels	p. 34
Maximal Achievable Rate for Fixed Input Covariance Matrix	p. 43
Fast Fading Channels with CSIT Distribution: Ergodic Capacity	p. 46
Ergodic Capacity: Basic Principles	p. 47
Fast Fading SISO Channel with CSIT Distribution	p. 47
Fast Fading SIMO Channel with CSIT Distribution	p. 48
Fast Fading MISO Channel with CSIT Distribution	p. 49
Fast Fading MIMO Channels with CSIT Distribution	p. 49
Slow Fading Channel with CSIT Distribution: Outage Probability and Capacity with Outage	p. 54
Outage: Basic Principles	p. 55
Diversity to Improve Communication Reliability	p. 57
Slow Fading SISO Channels with CSIT Distribution	p. 58
Slow Fading SIMO Channel with CSIT Distribution: Receive Diversity	p. 60
Slow Fading MISO Channel with CSIT Distribution: Transmit Diversity	p. 60
Slow Fading MIMO Channel with CSIT Distribution	p. 62
Chapter Summary Tables	p. 67
Further Reading	p. 73
MTMO Transceivers	p. 75
MTMO Receivers	p. 76
General MIMO Architecture	p. 76
Maximum Likelihood Receiver	p. 78
Classes of Receivers Considered in the Chapter	p. 78
Spatial Matched Filtering	p. 80
Zero Forcing Receiver	p. 86
MMSE Receiver	p. 92
SIC Receiver and V-Blast	p. 97
Performance	p. 103
Transceivers with CSI at Transmitter and Receiver: Transmit and Receive Beamforming	p. 108
Principle of Beamforming	p. 108
Multiple Transmit and Receive Beams	p. 109
Transmit Beamforming (MISO System)	p. 111
Receive Beamforming (SIMO)	p. 112
Single Beam MIMO: Maximal Eigenmode Beamforming	p. 113
Eigenmode Transmission	p. 114
Performance of Beamforming Schemes	p. 118
Space-Time Block Codes	p. 122
Orthogonal Design for a 2 × 1 MISO System: Alamouti STBC	p. 123
STBC for More than Two Transmit Antennas	p. 128
D-Blast	p. 133
Diagonal Encoding	p. 133
Diagonal Decoding	p. 134
D-Blast: Outage Optimal	p. 135
Performance Gains	p. 135
Error Propagation	p. 136
Numerical Evaluations: Comparison of D-Blast with STBC	p. 136
Chapter Summary Tables	p. 138
Further Reading	p. 143
MEMO Channel Models	p. 145
SISO Models and Channel Fundamentals	p. 146
Models for the Prediction of the Power	p. 146
Models for the Prediction of the Temporal Variation of the Channel	p. 152
Narrowband and Wideband Channels	p. 160
Polarisation	p. 166
Summaiy of Parameters Required for SISO Channel Modelling	p. 167
Challenges in MIMO Channel Modelling	p. 167
Deterministic Models	p. 169
Stochastic Models	p. 111
Summary	p. 190
MTMO Antenna Design	p. 193
Antenna Element Fundamentals	p. 194
Isotropic Radiator	p. 194
Directivity and Gain	p. 195
Far Field and Rayleigh Distance	p. 196
Three Dimensional Antenna Patterns	p. 197
Impedance and Return Loss	p. 198
Reciprocity	p. 199
Antenna Polarisation	p. 199
Mean Effective Gain	p. 202
Single Antenna Design	p. 205
Designing Array Antennas for MIMO	p. 207
Spatial Correlation	p. 207
Angular and Polarised Correlation	p. 209
Impact of Nonuniform Angles of Arrival	p. 211
Impact of Antenna Design on the MIMO Radio Channel	p. 212
Evaluating Antenna Impact on the MTMO Channel	p. 217
A Crude Evaluation of the Impact of Antennas on MIMO Channel Capacity	p. 217
Advanced Techniques to Evaluate MIMO Antenna Performance	p. 219
Challenges in Compact MIMO Antenna Design and Examples	p. 221
Summary	p. 223
Antenna Fundamentals	p. 223
Designing Antenna Arrays	p. 223
Practical Antennas for MIMO	p. 223
MEMO in Current and Future Standards	p. 225
Wireless Channel Modelling in Standards	p. 225
Current Wireless Standards Employing MTMO and the Corresponding Channel Models	p. 228
IEEE 802.11n	p. 228
IEEE 802.16-WiMAX	p. 231
3GPP-LTE	p. 235
Comparison of the IEEE 802.11n, WiMAX and 3GPP Models	p. 238
MTMO in Other Areas	p. 240
MIMO for DVB-T2	p. 240
MIMO in the HF Band	p. 241
MIMO for Satellite Communications	p. 242
Ultrawideband MIMO	p. 242
MIMO for On-body Communications	p. 243
MIMO for Vehicular Communications	p. 244
MIMO in Small Cellular Environments	p. 244
Concluding Remarks and Future Wireless Systems	p. 245
Appendix: Some Useful Definitions	p. 247
Bibliography	p. 251
Index	p. 257
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