Practical Network Design Techniques, Second Edition: A Complete Guide For WANs and LANs

by Held; Gilbert

• ISBN13: 9780849320194
• ISBN10: 0849320194
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-06-11
• Publisher: Auerbach Public

Summary

The authors of Practical Network Design Techniques, Second Edition: A Complete Guide for WANs and LANs build upon the popular first edition by combining pre-existing network design fundamentals with new material on LAN devices and topologies, wireless local networks, and LAN internetworking issues.This new edition has two parts. The first part focuses on wide area networks; the second, which is entirely new, focuses on local area networks. Because Ethernet emerged victorious in the LAN war, the second section pays particular attention to Ethernet design and performance characteristics.The volume retains much valuable information from the first edition, and integrates and prominently highlights WAN information that is also relevant to the LAN design process.To maximize the book's utility, the authors include a number of practical networking problems and their solutions, along with examples of methods needed to perform economic comparisons among differing communications services and hardware configurations. The second edition provides a thorough understanding of major network design problems and is an invaluable reference for data communications professionals.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(8)
Rationale	2	(1)
Book Overview	2	(7)
WAN Design	2	(2)
LAN Design	4	(5)
SECTION I: WIDE AREA NETWORK DESIGN TECHNIQUES
Transmission Characteristics	9	(18)
Communications Constraints	9	(2)
Throughput	9	(1)
Response Time	10	(1)
Information Transfer Rate	11	(2)
Delay Time	12	(1)
Other Delay Factors	12	(1)
BISYNC Communications Protocol Models	13	(14)
Error Control	14	(1)
Half-Duplex Throughput Model	15	(2)
Computation Examples	17	(3)
Block Size versus Error Rate	20	(3)
Return Channel Model	23	(1)
Full-Duplex Model	24	(3)
Wide Area Network Line Facilities and Economic Trade-Offs	27	(36)
Line Connections	27	(5)
Dedicated Line	28	(1)
Leased Line	28	(3)
Switched Line	31	(1)
Leased versus Switched Facility Analysis	32	(11)
Servicing Additional Terminal Devices	33	(1)
Line Sharing Economics	34	(6)
Concepts to Consider	40	(3)
Additional Analog Facilities to Consider	43	(8)
WATS	43	(5)
Foreign Exchange	48	(1)
Economics of Use	49	(2)
Digital Facilities	51	(12)
AT&T Offerings	51	(1)
European Offerings	52	(1)
Data Service Units	52	(2)
Economics of Use	54	(1)
Dataphone Digital Service	54	(2)
Accunet T1.5	56	(1)
DDS as Opposed to Accunet T1.5	57	(1)
Accunet Spectrum of Digital Services	57	(1)
Comparison to Other Digital Services	58	(3)
Accunet T45	61	(2)
Multiplexing, Routing, and Line Sharing Equipment	63	(46)
Multiplexers and Data Concentrators	63	(34)
Evolution	64	(1)
Comparison with Other Devices	64	(2)
Device Support	66	(1)
Multiplexing Techniques	66	(1)
Frequency Division Multiplexing	66	(2)
Time Division Multiplexing	68	(2)
The Multiplexing Interval	70	(1)
TDM Techniques	70	(2)
TDM Constraints	72	(4)
TDM Applications	76	(1)
Series Multipoint Multiplexing	77	(1)
Hub-Bypass Multiplexing	78	(1)
Front-End Substitution	79	(1)
Inverse Multiplexing	80	(1)
Multiplexing Economics	81	(2)
Statistical and Intelligent Multiplexers	83	(1)
Statistical Frame Construction	84	(3)
Buffer Control	87	(1)
Service Ratio	87	(2)
Data Source Support	89	(1)
Switching and Port Contention	90	(1)
Intelligent Time Division Multiplexes	91	(1)
STDM/ITDM Statistics	91	(1)
Using System Reports	92	(4)
Features to Consider	96	(1)
Routers	97	(5)
Functionality	97	(1)
Ports and Connectors	98	(1)
Address Resolution	98	(1)
Hardware and Software	99	(1)
Software Modules	100	(1)
Data Flow and Packet Switching	100	(2)
Modem and Line Sharing Units	102	(7)
Operation	103	(1)
Device Differences	104	(1)
Sharing Unit Constraints	105	(2)
Summary	107	(2)
Locating Data Concentration Equipment	109	(18)
Graph Theory and Network Design	109	(6)
Links and Nodes	110	(1)
Graph Properties	111	(1)
Network Subdivisions	112	(1)
Routes	112	(1)
Cycles and Trees	113	(1)
The Basic Connection Matrix	113	(1)
Considering Graph Weights	113	(2)
Equipment Location Techniques	115	(12)
Examining Distributed Terminals	116	(1)
Using a Weighted Connection Matrix	117	(1)
Automating the Location Process	118	(2)
Extending the Node Location Problem	120	(1)
Switched Network Utilization	120	(3)
Other Program Modifications	123	(4)
Multidrop Line Routing Techniques	127	(16)
Multidrop Routing Algorithms	127	(8)
The MST Technique	128	(1)
Applying Prim's Algorithm	129	(3)
Considering Fan-Out	132	(1)
Modified MST Technique	132	(1)
Using a Connection Matrix	133	(2)
Automating the MST Process	135	(5)
Basic Language Program	136	(4)
Considering Network Constraints	140	(2)
Terminal Response Time Factors	140	(1)
Estimating Response Time	141	(1)
Front-End Processing Limitations	142	(1)
Summary	142	(1)
Sizing Communications Equipment and Line Facilities	143	(46)
Sizing Methods	144	(2)
Experimental Modeling	144	(2)
The Scientific Approach	146	(1)
Telephone Terminology Relationships	146	(4)
Telephone Network Structure	147	(1)
Trunks and Dimensioning	147	(2)
The Decision Model	149	(1)
Traffic Measurements	150	(6)
The Busy Hour	150	(1)
Erlangs and Call-Seconds	151	(3)
Grade of Service	154	(1)
Route Dimensioning Parameters	155	(1)
Traffic Dimensioning Formulas	156	(1)
The Erlang Traffic Formula	156	(21)
Computing Lost Traffic	159	(2)
Traffic Analysis Program	161	(4)
Traffic Capacity Planning	165	(6)
Traffic Tables	171	(2)
Access Controller Sizing	173	(4)
The Poisson Formula	177	(7)
Access Controller Sizing	178	(4)
Formula Comparison and Utilization	182	(1)
Economic Constraints	183	(1)
Applying the Equipment Sizing Process	184	(5)
SECTION II: LOCAL AREA NETWORK DESIGN TECHNIQUES
Local Area Network Devices	189	(20)
Stations and Segment	189	(1)
Repeaters	190	(1)
Hubs	190	(1)
Bridges	191	(6)
Types of Bridges	191	(1)
The Learning Bridge	192	(3)
Translational Bridges	195	(1)
Bridged Topologies	195	(1)
SR Bridge	196	(1)
SRT Bridges	196	(1)
SR/TL Bridges	196	(1)
Remote Bridges	197	(1)
LAN Switches	197	(3)
The Basic Premise	197	(1)
Delay Timing	198	(1)
Types of LAN Switches	198	(1)
Switch Design Methods	199	(1)
Network Utilization	200	(1)
Routers	200	(5)
Routers in Relation to LANs	201	(1)
Router Behavior	201	(1)
Types of Routers	202	(1)
Route Protocols	203	(1)
Routing Protocols	204	(1)
Vector Distance	204	(1)
Link State	205	(1)
Brouters	205	(1)
Gateways	205	(1)
Network Interface Cards	206	(1)
File Servers	206	(3)
Local Area Network Topologies	209	(20)
Introduction	209	(4)
Key Topologies	213	(4)
The Loop Topology	213	(1)
The Bus Topology	213	(1)
The Tree Topology	214	(1)
Star Topology	214	(2)
High Data Rates and the Associated Problems	216	(1)
Pros and Cons of Different Topologies	217	(2)
Loop	218	(1)
Bus or Tree	218	(1)
Star	219	(1)
Structured Cabling System	219	(1)
MAC Protocols	220	(3)
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection	220	(2)
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance	222	(1)
Token Passing	222	(1)
Switched, Connection-Oriented MAC	222	(1)
Demand Priority Media Access	222	(1)
LAN Architecture Evolution	223	(2)
Architectural Design of LANs	224	(1)
Bottom-Up	225	(1)
Top-Down	225	(1)
Geometric Limitations of LANs	225	(1)
Fiber Channel Topologies	226	(3)
A Tutorial on the Ethernet Family of Local Area Networks	229	(24)
Introduction	229	(1)
Transmission Media	230	(4)
Twisted Pair	230	(1)
Coaxial Cable	231	(1)
Coaxial Adapters	232	(1)
Optical Fiber Cable	232	(1)
Fiber Optic Technology	233	(1)
An Excursion into the Ethernet Family	234	(9)
Mbps LANs	234	(1)
10Base-5	235	(1)
10Base-2	235	(1)
10Base-T	235	(1)
10Broad-36	236	(1)
10Base-F	236	(1)
Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps)	236	(1)
Backbone Operation	237	(1)
Switch Segmentation	238	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps)	238	(3)
Gigabit Ethernet	241	(2)
LAN Ethernet Design	243	(3)
Campuswide VLANs with Multilayer Switching	245	(1)
Switches Revisited	246	(7)
Scalability, Latency, Global Effect of Failures and Collisions	247	(1)
Encoding Schemes	248	(1)
Nonreturn to Zero Level	248	(1)
Nonreturn to Zero Invert on Is	249	(1)
Manchester	249	(1)
Differential Manchester	249	(1)
4B/5B-NRZ-I	249	(1)
MLT-3	250	(1)
8B/10B	251	(2)
Ethernet Performance Characteristics	253	(18)
Introduction	253	(1)
Frame Operations	253	(6)
Ethernet Frames	254	(1)
Preamble	255	(1)
SOF Delimiter	255	(1)
Source and Destination Addresses	255	(1)
Type	256	(1)
Length	256	(1)
Data Field	256	(1)
Frame Check Sequence	257	(1)
Fast Ethernet Frames	257	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet Frames	257	(1)
Carrier Extension	258	(1)
Packet Bursting	258	(1)
Frame Overhead	259	(1)
Availability Levels	259	(2)
Network Traffic Estimation	261	(2)
An Excursion into Queuing Theory	263	(3)
Buffer Memory Considerations	264	(2)
Ethernet Performance Details	266	(2)
Network Frame Rate	266	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet Considerations	267	(1)
Actual Operating Rate	268	(1)
Bridging a Network	268	(3)
Issues at the Network, Transport, and Application Layers	271	(16)
Internetworking Overview	271	(2)
Protocol Architecture	273	(1)
Design Issues	274	(2)
Addressing	274	(1)
Routing	275	(1)
Datagram Lifetime	275	(1)
Fragmentation or Reassembly	275	(1)
Routing and Route Protocols	276	(1)
Routing Revisited	277	(6)
Routing Protocols	279	(1)
DV Protocols	280	(1)
LS Protocols	281	(2)
Excursion into the Transport Layer	283	(1)
Multimedia Service	284	(1)
Some Delay Time Calculations	285	(2)
Mbps Ethernet, 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet, and 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet	285	(1)
Switches	286	(1)
Wireless Local Area Networks	287	(14)
Introduction	287	(1)
Media Considerations	288	(4)
IR Systems	288	(1)
Directed Beam IR	288	(1)
Omnidirectional IR	288	(1)
Diffused IR	289	(1)
RF LAN Networks	289	(1)
Spread Spectrum	289	(2)
Spread Spectrum Configuration	291	(1)
Narrowband RF	291	(1)
Transmission Issues	292	(1)
WLAN Topology	292	(2)
Wireless Standards	294	(2)
Independent Configuration	295	(1)
Infrastructure Configuration	296	(1)
WLAN Design Considerations	296	(1)
Wireless LAN Switching	297	(4)
Additional Functions of WLAN Switches	299	(2)
Local Area Network Internetworking Issues	301	(16)
Introduction	301	(1)
Overview of Internetworking Concepts	301	(1)
Switching Overview	302	(2)
The Tiered (Layered) Approach	304	(1)
Evaluating Backbone Capabilities	305	(4)
Path Optimization	305	(1)
Traffic Prioritizing	306	(1)
Priority Queuing	306	(1)
Custom Queuing	306	(2)
Weighted Fair Queuing	308	(1)
Load Splitting	308	(1)
Alternative Paths	309	(1)
Encapsulation (Tunneling)	309	(1)
Distribution Services	309	(2)
Backbone Bandwidth Management	309	(1)
Area and Service Filtering	310	(1)
Policy-Based Distribution	310	(1)
Interprotocol Route Redistribution	310	(1)
Media Translation	311	(1)
Local Access Services	311	(3)
Value-Added Addressing	312	(1)
Network Segmentation	312	(1)
Broadcast or Multicast Capabilities	312	(1)
Naming, Proxy, and Local Cache Capabilities	313	(1)
Media Access Security	313	(1)
Router Discovery	314	(1)
Internet Control Message Protocol Router Discovery	314	(1)
Proxy ARP	314	(1)
Routing Information Protocol	314	(1)
Constructing Internets by Design	314	(1)
Using Switches (Revisited)	315	(2)
Comparison of Switches and Routers	315	(2)
Index	317