Science, Society, And Social Work Research | |
Reasoning about the Social World | |
Everyday Errors in Reasoning | |
Overgeneralization | |
Selective or Inaccurate Observation | |
Illogical Reasoning | |
Resistance to Change | |
Adherence to Authority | |
The Social Scientific Approach | |
Social Work and the Social World | |
Social Work Research and Evidence-Based Practice | |
Striving for Validity | |
Measurement Validity | |
Generalizability | |
Causal Validity | |
Social Work in Research in a Diverse Society | |
Social Work Research in Practice | |
Descriptive Research | |
Exploratory Research | |
Explanatory Research | |
Evaluation Research | |
Quantitative and Qualitative Methods | |
Strengths and Limitations of Social Work Research | |
Conclusion | |
The Process And Problems Of Social Work Research | |
Social Work Research Questions | |
Identifying Social Work Research Questions | |
Refining Social Research Questions | |
Evaluating Social Research Questions | |
Implications of Social Diversity and Formulating a Question | |
Foundations of Social Work Research | |
Finding Information | |
Reviewing Research | |
Implications for Evidence-Based Practice | |
Social Work Research Strategies | |
The Role of Social Theory | |
The Deductive/Inductive Cycle | |
Descriptive Research | |
Social Work Research Philosophies | |
Scientific Guidelines for Social Work Research | |
Social Work Research and Ethical Guidelines | |
Honesty and Openness | |
The Uses of Science | |
Research on People | |
Conclusion | |
Conceptualization And Measurement | |
Concepts | |
Conceptualization in Practice | |
From Concepts to Observations | |
Operationalization | |
Scales and Indexes | |
Treatment as a Variable | |
Gathering Data | |
Combining Measurement Operations | |
Measurement in Qualitative Research | |
Levels of Measurement | |
Nominal Level of Measurement | |
Ordinal Level of Measurement | |
Interval Level of Measurement | |
Ratio Level of Measurement | |
The Case of Dichotomies | |
Types of Comparisons | |
Measurement Error | |
Evaluating Measures | |
Reliability | |
Measurement Validity | |
Screening and Cut-off Scores | |
Ways to Improve Reliability and Validity of Existing Measures | |
Measurement in a Diverse Society | |
Implications for Evidence-Based Practice | |
Conclusion | |
Sampling | |
Sample Planning | |
Define Sample Components and the Population | |
Evaluate Generalizability | |
Assess the Homogeneity of the Population | |
Recruitment Strategies with Diverse Populations | |
Sampling Methods | |
Probability Sampling | |
Probability Sampling Methods | |
Nonprobability Sampling Methods | |
Sampling Distributions | |
Estimating Sampling Error | |
Determining Sampling Size | |
Implications for Evidence-Based Practice | |
Conclusion | |
Causation And Research Design | |
Causal Explanation | |
Nomothetic Causal Explanation | |
Idiographic Causal Explanation | |
Research Designs and Criteria for Causal Explanations | |
Association | |
Time Order | |
Nonspuriousness | |
Mechanism | |
Context | |
Units of Analysis and Errors in Causal Reasoning | |
Individual and Group Units of Analysis | |
The Ecological Fallacy and Reductionism | |
Implications for Evidence-Based Practice | |
Conclusion | |
Group Experimental Designs | |
Threats to Validity | |
Internal (Causal) Validity | |
Generalizability | |
True Experiments | |
Experimental and Comparison Groups | |
Randomization | |
Pretest and Posttest Measures | |
Types of True Experimental Designs | |
Difficulties in True Experiments in Agency-Based Research | |
The Limits of True Experimental Designs | |
Quasi-Experiments | |
Nonequivalent Control Group Designs | |
Time Series Designs | |
Ex Post Facto Control Group Designs | |
Common Group Designs for Program Evaluation and Research | |
Types of Nonexperimental Designs | |
Implications for Evidence-Based Practice | |
Diversity, Group Design, and Evidence-Based Practice | |
Ethical Issues in Experimental Research | |
Deception | |
Selective Distribution of Benefits | |
Conclusion | |
Single-Subject Design | |
Foundations of Single-Subject Design | |
Repeated Measurement | |
Baseline Phase | |
Treatment Phase | |
Graphing | |
Measuring Targets of Intervention | |
Analyzing Single-Subject Designs | |
Visual Analysis | |
Interpreting Visual Analysis | |
Problems of Interpretation | |
Types of Single-Subject Designs | |
Basic Design: A-B | |
Withdrawal Designs | |
Multiple Baseline Designs | |
Multiple Treatment Designs | |
Designs for Monitoring Subjects | |
Implications for Evidence-Based Practice | |
Single-Subject Design in a Diverse Society | |
Ethical Issues in Single-Subject Design | |
Conclusion | |
Survey Research | |
Survey Research in Social Work | |
Attractions of Survey Research | |
The Omnibus Survey | |
Errors in Survey Research | |
Constructing Questions | |
Writing Clear Questions | |
Close-ended Questions and Response Categories | |
Sensitive Questions | |
Single or Multiple Questions | |
Designing Questionnaires | |
Build on Existing Instruments | |
Refine and Test Questions | |
Add Interpretive Questions | |
Maintain Consistent Focus | |
Order the Questions | |
Consider Matrix Questions | |
Make the Questionnaire Attractive | |
Organizing Surveys | |
Mailed Self-Administered Surveys | |
Group-Administered Surveys | |
Telephone Surveys | |
In-Person Interviews | |
Electronic Surveys | |
Mixed-Mode Surveys | |
A Comparison of Survey Designs | |
Secondary Data Surveys | |
Survey Research Designs in a Diverse Society | |
Translating Instruments | |
Interviewer-Respondent Characteristics | |
Implications for Evidence-Based Practice | |
Ethical Issues in Survey Research | |
Conclusion | |
Qualitative Methods: Observing, Participating, Listening | |
Fundamentals of Qualitative Methods | |
Case Study: Making Gray Gold | |
Participant Observation | |
Choosing a Role | |
Entering the Field | |
Developing and Maintaining Relationships | |
Sampling People and Events | |
Taking Notes | |
Managing the Personal Dimensions | |
Systematic Observation | |
Intensive Interviewing | |
Establishing and Maintaining a Partnership | |
Asking Questions and Recording Answers | |
Focus Groups | |
Photovoice | |
Qualitative Research in a Diverse Society | |
Implications for Evidence-Based Practice | |
Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research | |
Conclusion | |
Qualitative Data Analysis | |
Features of Qualitative Data Analysis | |
Qualitative Data Analysis as an Art | |
Techniques of Qualitative Data Analysis | |
Documentation | |
Conceptualization, Coding, and Categorizing | |
Examining Relationships and Displaying Data | |
Authenticating Conclusions | |
Reflexivity | |
Alternatives in Qualitative Data Analysis | |
Ethnography | |
Qualitative Comparative Analysis | |
Narrative Analysis | |
Grounded Theory | |
Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis | |
Content Analysis | |
Ethics in Qualitative Data Analysis | |
Conclusion | |
Evaluation Research | |
Evaluation Basics | |
Describing the Program: The Logic Model | |
Questions for Evaluation Research | |
Need Assessment | |
Process Evaluation | |
Outcome Evaluation | |
Efficiency Analysis | |
Design Alternatives | |
Black Box or Program Theory | |
Researcher or Stakeholder Orientation | |
Quantitative or Qualitative Methods | |
Simple or Complex Outcomes | |
Implications for Evidence-Based Practice | |
C2-SPECTR | |
Evaluation Research in a Diverse Society | |
Ethics in Evaluation | |
Conclusion | |
Quantitative Data Analysis | |
Introducing Statistics | |
Preparing Data for Analysis | |
Identification Numbers | |
Reviewing the Forms | |
Coding Open-ended Questions | |
Creating a Codebook | |
Data Entry | |
Data Cleaning | |
Displaying Univariate Distributions | |
Graphs | |
Frequency Distributions | |
Summarizing Univariate Distributions | |
Measures of Central Tendency | |
Measures of Variation | |
Analyzing Data Ethically: How Not to Lie with Statistics | |
Crosstabulating Variables | |
Graphing Association | |
Describing Association | |
Evaluating Association | |
Introduction to Inferential Statistics | |
Choosing a Statistical Test | |
Analyzing Data Ethically: How Not to Lie About Relationships | |
Conclusion | |
Reporting Research | |
Social Work Research Proposals | |
Case Study: Treating Substance Abuse | |
Comparing Research Designs | |
Meta-Analyses: A Tool for Evidence-Based Practice | |
Case Study: Is Social Work Practice Effective | |
Reporting Research | |
Writing Research | |
Peer-Review Journal Articles | |
Applied Research Reports | |
Social Work Research in a Diverse Society | |
Ethics, Politics, and Research Reports | |
Conclusion | |
Summaries of Frequently Cited Research Articles | |
Questions to Ask About a Research Article | |
How to Read a Research Article | |
Finding Information | |
Table of Random Numbers | |
Annotated List of Web Sites | |
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