Prehistoric Cannibalism at Mancos 5mtumr-2346

by White, Tim D.

• ISBN13: 9780691094670
• ISBN10: 0691094675
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1992-05-01
• Publisher: Princeton Univ Pr

Table of Contents

List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgments
The Trail to Mancos	p. 3
Ethiopia	p. 3
Ancient Cannibals?	p. 4
Mancos Canyon	p. 4
Overview	p. 5
Cannibalism Past and Present	p. 7
Defining Cannibalism and Recognizing It in an Archaeological Context	p. 7
Classifications of Cannibalism	p. 12
Cannibalism and the Human Fossil Record	p. 13
Cannibalism and the Historical Record	p. 15
Cannibalism and the Archaeological Record	p. 17
Assessing a Sample of Claims for Cannibalism in the Archaeological Record	p. 18
Summary	p. 30
Cannibalism in the Prehistoric Southwest: Mancos 5MTUMR-2346 and Its Context	p. 31
The Anasazi	p. 32
Cannibalism in the Southwest: Surveying the Evidence	p. 34
Cannibalism in the Southwest: A Synopsis	p. 36
Mancos Canyon Site 5MTUMR-2346	p. 40
Published Interpretations of Mancos 5MTUMR-2346	p. 60
Postrecovery History of the Mancos Assemblage	p. 63
Summary	p. 63
Analytical Background and Conjoining	p. 65
Analytical Background	p. 65
Background to the Conjoining Study	p. 67
Previous Conjoining Studies	p. 68
The Mancos Canyon 5MTUMR-2346 Conjoining Exercise	p. 69
Conjoining Results: A Quantitative Assessment	p. 72
Conjoining Results: Enhancing Specimen Identification	p. 77
Conjoining Results: Spatial, Temporal, and Behavioral Implications	p. 77
Conjoining Bone Assemblages: Costs and Benefits	p. 83
The Mancos 5MTUMR-2346 Sample: A Biological Background	p. 84
The Minimum Number of Individuals: Background	p. 84
The Minimum Number of Individuals in the Mancos 5MTUMR-2346 Assemblage	p. 86
Demography	p. 89
Artificial Deformation and Pathology	p. 94
Affinity	p. 96
Summary	p. 99
Method and Theory: Physical Anthropology Meets Zooarchaeology	p. 100
Integrating Zooarchaeology and Physical Anthropology	p. 100
Limitations of the Mancos Assemblage	p. 102
Analytical Procedures: Some Initial Considerations	p. 104
Analytical Background and Definitions	p. 106
Parts and Attributes: A Review	p. 107
Analytical Conditions	p. 109
Identification	p. 111
Preservation	p. 118
Fracture	p. 131
Tool-Induced Modifications: Cutmarks, Chopmarks, and Scrapemarks	p. 143
Mammalian Chewing	p. 152
Burning	p. 156
Specimen Dimensions	p. 160
A Preliminary Summary of Trauma to the Mancos 5MTUMR-2346 Bones	p. 162
The Head	p. 164
The Skull: An Introduction	p. 166
Frontal	p. 167
Parietals	p. 172
Occipital	p. 179
Temporal	p. 184
Sphenoid	p. 188
Zygomatic	p. 189
Nasals	p. 191
Maxillae	p. 192
Mandible	p. 195
Dentition	p. 201
Head Processing: An Interpretive Summary	p. 204
The Thorax, Pelvis, and Shoulder Girdle	p. 208
Hyoid	p. 208
Atlas	p. 208
Axis	p. 211
Cervical Vertebrae Numbers 3-7	p. 211
Thoracic Vertebrae	p. 213
Lumbar Vertebrae	p. 215
Sacral Vertebrae and Coccyx	p. 216
Os Coxae	p. 217
First Ribs	p. 221
Ribs 2-12	p. 222
Sternum	p. 228
Clavicle	p. 228
Scapula	p. 233
Trunk Processing: An Interpretive Summary	p. 236
The Arm	p. 238
Humerus	p. 238
Ulna	p. 242
Radius	p. 245
Arm Processing: An Interpretive Summary	p. 248
The Leg	p. 250
Femur	p. 250
Patella	p. 257
Tibia	p. 259
Fibula	p. 262
Leg Processing: An Interpretive Summary	p. 267
The Hand and Foot	p. 268
Carpals	p. 268
Metacarpals	p. 268
Hand Phalanges	p. 271
Hand Processing: An Interpretive Summary	p. 272
Calcaneus and Talus	p. 273
Other Tarsals	p. 273
Metatarsals	p. 274
Foot Phalanges	p. 275
Foot Processing: An Interpretive Summary	p. 277
Comparative Analysis	p. 278
The Comparative Background	p. 279
Identity and Survival	p. 289
Fracture	p. 314
Tool Modification	p. 323
Mammalian Chewing	p. 332
Burning	p. 335
Evaluation	p. 337
Evidence for Cannibalism	p. 337
Zooarchaeological Implications	p. 344
The Regional Perspective	p. 346
Other Possible Cases	p. 351
Explaining the Patterns	p. 355
Further Research	p. 364
Appendix 1: Catalog of Southwest Archaeological Sites with Evidence Interpreted as Indicating Cannibalism	p. 367
Appendix 2: Mancos 5MTUMR-2346 Human Bone Specimen Databases	p. 382
Appendix 3: Procedures for the Recovery and Analysis of Broken and Scattered Human Bone from Archaeological and Forensic Contexts	p. 422
Bibliography	p. 427
Index	p. 459
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