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Table of Contents
Thematic Contents
Preface
Credits
Chapter 1 Writing Myths and Rituals
Writing Fitness: Rituals and Practice
Place, Time, and Tools
Energy and Attitude
Keeping a Journal
Reading Entries Ï Write-to-Learn Entries Ï Writing Entries
Warming Up: Journal Exercises
Chapter 2 Situations, Purposes, and Processes for Writing
The Rhetorical Situation
Elements of the Rhetorical Situation
The Writer Ï The Occasion Ï Purpose Ï Audience Ï Genre Ï Context
Why the Rhetorical Situation Is Important
Purposes for Writing
Writer-Based Purposes
Subject- and Audience-Based Purposes
Combinations of Purposes
Subject, Purpose, and Thesis
Purpose and Audience
Audience Analysis
Purpose, Audience, and Genre
Analyzing the Rhetorical Situation
Purpose, Audience, and Context in Two Essays
“The Struggle to Be an All-American Girl” by Elizabeth Wong
“I’m OK, but You’re Not” by Robert Zoellner
Dimensions of the Writing Process
Collecting
Shaping
Drafting
Revising
The Whole Process
Warming Up: Journal Exercises
A Writing Process at Work: Drafting and Revising
From the Rough Draft of “The Declaration of Independence” by Thomas Jefferson
Chapter 3 Observing
Techniques for Writing About Observations
Observing People
Observing Places
Observing Objects
Warming Up: Journal Exercises
“Take This Fish and Look at It” by Samuel H. Scudder
Observing: The Writing Process
Assignment for Observing
Choosing a Subject
Collecting
Sketching Ï Taking Double-Entry Notes Ï Answering Questions Ï Freewriting
Shaping
Spatial Order Ï Chronological Order Ï Comparison/Contrast Ï Definition Ï Simile, Metaphor, and Analogy Ï Title, Introduction, and Conclusion
Drafting
Reread Journal Entries and Notes Ï Reobserve Your Subject Ï Reexamine Purpose, Audience, Dominant Idea, and Shape Ï Create a Draft
Revising
Gaining Distance and Objectivity Ï Rereading and Responding to Your Readers Ï Guidelines for Revision Ï Genre Ï Context
Peer Response
Postscript on the Writing Process
“Permanent Tracings” by Jennifer Macke (student)
Chapter 4 Remembering
Techniques for Writing About Memories
Remembering People
Remembering Places
Remembering Events
Warming Up: Journal Exercises
“César Chávez Saved My Life” by Daniel “Nene” Alejandrez
Remembering: The Writing Process
Assignment for Remembering
Choosing a Subject
Collecting
Shaping
Genre Ï Chronological Order Ï Comparison/Contrast Ï Image Ï Voice and Tone Ï Persona Ï Dialogue Ï Title, Introduction, and Conclusion
Drafting
Revising
Guidelines for Revision
Peer Response
Postscript on the Writing Process
“The Wind Catcher” by Todd Petry (student)
Chapter 5 Reading
Techniques for Analyzing and Responding to Texts
Critical Reading Strategies
Double-Entry Log Ï Critical Rereading Guide
Guidelines for Class Discussion
Summarizing and Responding to an Essay
“Teach Diversity–with a Smile” by Barbara Ehrenreich
Summarizing
Summary of “Teach Diversity–with a Smile”
Responding
Types of Responses Ï Kinds of Evidence
Response to “Teach Diversity–with a Smile”
Warming Up: Journal Exercises
“Letter to America” by Margaret Atwood
Casebook on Responses to Climate Change
“The Rise of Renewable Energy” by Daniel M. Kammen
“50 Things You Can Do”
Reading and Writing Processes
Assignment for Reading/Writing
Choosing a Subject
“Teaching Tolerance in America” by Dudley Erskine Devlin
Collecting
Text Annotation Ï Reading Log
Shaping
Avoiding Plagiarism
Summary Shaping
Description Ï Paraphrase Ï Direct Quotation Ï Avoiding Plagiarism
Sample Summaries
Response Shaping
Analyzing Ï Agreeing/Disagreeing Ï Interpreting and Reflecting
Outlines for Summary/Response Essays
Drafting
Revising
Guidelines for Revision
Peer Response
Postscript on the Writing Process
“Letter to Margaret Atwood” by Dean C. Swift (student)
Chapter 6 Analyzing and Designing Visuals
Techniques for Analyzing Visuals
Analyzing Visuals
Composition Ï Focal Point Ï Narrative Ï Themes
Analyzing Visuals with Text
Analyzing Visuals in Context
“Progress or Not” by Jonathan Alter
“Who’s a Looter?” by Tania Ralli
Analyzing the Genre of the Visual
Rhetorical Appeals to the Audience
Appeal to Reason Ï Appeal to Emotion Ï Appeal to Character and Credibility Ï Combined Appeal in an Ad
Techniques for Designing Visuals
Warming Up: Journal Exercises
“Analysis of RosettaStone Ad” by Sarah Kay Hurst (student)
Processes for Analyzing and Designing Visuals
Assignment for Analyzing Visuals
Assignment for Designing Visuals
Choosing a Subject
Collecting
Shaping
Analysis Focused on the Visual
“Triple Self-Portrait” by Charles Rosen and Henri Zerner
Analysis Focused on the Social Context
“Out of the Picture on the Abortion Ban” by Ellen Goodman
Analysis Focused on the Story
“Coming Home” by Carolyn Kleiner Butler
Drafting
Peer Response
Revising
Guidelines for Revision
Postscript on the Writing Process
“Some Don’t Like Their Blues at All” by Karyn M. Lewis (student)
Chapter 7 Explaining
Techniques for Explaining
Explaining What: Definition
Explaining How: Process Analysis
Explaining Why: Causal Analysis
Warming Up: Journal Exercises
“How to Take Control of Your Credit Cards” by Suze Orman
Explaining: The Writing Process
Assignment for Explaining
Choosing a Subject
Collecting
Questions Ï Branching Ï Observing Ï Remembering Ï Reading Ï Investigating
Research Tips
Shaping
Audience and Genre Ï Definition and Classification Ï Example Ï Voice and Tone Ï Chronological Order and Process Analysis Ï Causal Analysis Ï Introduction and Lead-In Ï Lead-In, Thesis, and Essay Map Ï Paragraph Transitions and Hooks Ï Body Paragraphs
Tips for Integrating Images
Drafting
Revising
Guidelines for Revision
Peer Response
Postscript on the Writing Process
"White Lies: White-Collar Crime in America” by Chris Blakely (student)
Chapter 8 Evaluating
Techniques for Writing Evaluations
Evaluating Commercial Products or Services
“The Hybrid Grows Up,” by Consumer Reports
Evaluating Works of Art
"’American Gothic,’ Pitchfork Perfect” by Paul Richard
Evaluating Performances
“Slumdog Millionaire” by Manohla Dargis
Warming Up: Journal Exercises
“Today’s Special” by David Sedaris
Evaluating: The Writing Process
Assignment for Evaluating
Choosing a Subject
Collecting
Observing Ï Remembering Ï Reading Ï Investigating
Shaping
Audience and Genre Ï Analysis by Criteria Ï Comparison and Contrast Ï Chronological Order Ï Causal Analysis Ï Title, Introduction, and Conclusion
Research Tips
Peer Response
Drafting
Revising
Guidelines for Revision
Postscript on the Writing Process
“Vulgar Propriety” by Courtney Klockeman (student)
Chapter 9 Problem Solving
Techniques for Problem Solving
Demonstrating That a Problem Exists
Proposing a Solution and Convincing Your Readers
Warming Up: Journal Exercises
“Should Educators Use Commercial Services to Combat Plagiarism?” by John Barrie and Rebecca Moore Howard
“The Argument Culture” by Deborah Tannen
Problem Solving: The Writing Process
Assignment for Problem Solving
Choosing a Subject
Collecting
Identify and Focus on the Specific Problem Ï Demonstrate That the Problem Needs a Solution Ï Discover Possible Solutions Ï Evaluate Possible Solutions Ï Convince Your Readers Ï Answers Possible Objections Ï List Possible Steps for Implementation Ï Observing Ï Remembering Ï Reading and Investigating
Research Tips
Shaping
Genres for Problem Solving Ï Outlines for Problem Solving Ï Causal Analysis Ï Criteria Analysis Ï Chronological Order
Drafting
Peer Response
Revising
Guidelines for Revision
Postscript on the Writing Process
"Can Citizen Journalism Pick Up the Pieces?” by Adam Richman (student)
Chapter 10 Arguing
Techniques for Writing Arguments
Claims for Written Argument
Claims of Fact or Definition Ï Claims about Cause and Effect Ï Claims about Value Ï Claims about Solutions or Policies
Appeals for Written Argument
Appeal to Reason Ï Appeal to Character Ï Appeal to Emotion Ï Combined Appeals
Rogerian Argument
The Toulmin Method of Argument
Example of a Toulmin Analysis Ï Using the Toulmin Model
Warming Up: Journal Exercises
“The Internet: A Clear and Present Danger?” by Cathleen A. Cleaver
* Casebook on Wikipedia
* Wikipedia and the Meaning of Truth” by Simson L. Garfinkel
* Why You Can’t Cite Wikipedia in My Class” by Neil L. Waters
* Professors Should Embrace Wikipedia” by Mark A. Wilson
Arguing: The Writing Process
Assignment for Arguing
Choosing a Subject
Collecting
Remembering Ï Observing Ï Investigating
Analyzing Statistics
Shaping
List “Pro” and “Con” Arguments Ï Draw Circle of Alternative Positions Ï Outlines for Arguments Ï Developing Arguments
Research Tips
Drafting
Revising
Revision Guidelines Ï Revising Fallacies in Logic
Peer Response
Postscript on the Writing Process
“Standardized Tests: Shouldn’t We Be Helping Our Students?” by Eric Boese (student)
Chapter 11Researching
Techniques for Researching
Using Purpose, Audience and Genre as Guides
Know Your Purpose / Accommodate Your Audience / Consider Your Genre
Using the Best Sources: Currency, Reliability, and Relevance
Warming Up: Journal Exercise
Maintaining Your Voice and Purpose: Effectively Incorporating Sources
Documenting Your Sources
Research Processes
Developing a Research Strategy
Recording Bibliographic Information
Using Primary and Secondary Sources
Noting the Source's Relevance, Reliability, and Currency
Choosing and Evaluating Sources
The 21st Century Library: Physical and Online Sources Ï Online Database Sources Ï Open Web Sources
Writing Processes
Avoiding Plagiarism
Citing Sources in Your Text
Documenting Sources
In-Text Documentation: MLA Style Ï Works Cited List: MLA Style Ï In-Text Documentation: APA Style Ï References List: APA Style
“Foreign Language Study: An American Necessity” by Kate McNerny (student) (MLA Format Research Paper)
Index
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