Prentice Hall Lab Manual Introductory Chemistry

by Corwin, Charles H.

• ISBN13: 9780131867079
• ISBN10: 0131867075
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-04-26
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This is the latest version of Charles H. Corwinrs"s best-selling, widely used lab manual. The Fourth Edition retains the highly effective format of a pre-laboratory assignment, a stepwise procedure, and a post-laboratory assignment. Corwin provides alerts to procedures that should be performed carefully and prelaboratory questions regarding safety; operations that present even minimal danger are omitted. He suggests environmentally "friendly" chemicals that do not contain lead, mercury, chromium, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride. Line art illustrations demonstrate techniques for reading a metric ruler, graduated cylinder, thermometer, and buret; and instructions for using a laboratory burner, platform balance, beam balance, electronic balance, and volumetric pipet. Safety Precautions; Locker Inventory; Introduction to Chemistry; Instrumental Measurements; Density of Liquids and Solids; Freezing Points and Melting Points; Physical Properties and Chemical Properties; "Atomic Fingerprints"; Families of Elements; Identifying Cations in Solution; Identifying Anions in Solution; Analysis of a Penny; Determination of Avogadrors"s Number; Empirical Formulas of Compounds; Analysis of Alum; Decomposing Baking Soda; Precipitating Calcium Phosphate; Generating Hydrogen Gas; Generating Oxygen Gas; Molecular Models and Chemical Bonds; Analysis of Saltwater; Analysis of Vinegar; Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions; Activity Series of Metals; Organic Models and Functional Groups; Separation of Food Colors and Amino Acids. A useful reference for chemistry professionals.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Fourth Edition	ix
Safety Precautions	1	(2)
Locker Inventory	3	(4)
Experiments
Introduction to Chemistry	7	(10)
The Scientific Method
Instructor Demonstrations
Student Experiments
Instrumental Measurements	17	(12)
The Metric System
Length Measurement
Mass Measurement
Volume Measurement
Temperature Measurement
Mass and Volume of an Unknown Solid
Density of Liquids and Solids	29	(14)
Density
Instructor Demonstration
Density of Water
Density of an Unknown Liquid
Density of a Rubber Stopper
Density of an Unknown Solid
Thickness of Aluminum Foil
Freezing Points and Melting Points	43	(12)
Change of Physical State
Cooling Curve and Freezing Point
Melting Point of an Unknown
Physical Properties and Chemical Properties	55	(12)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
``Atomic Fingerprints''	67	(12)
Emission Spectra and Electron Energy Levels
Continuous Spectrum - White Light
Line Spectrum -- Hydrogen
Line Spectra -- Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, and Mercury
Identifying Unknown Elements in a Fluorescent Light
Families of Elements	79	(10)
The Periodic Table
Analysis of Known Solutions
Analysis of an Unknown Solution
Identifying Cations in Solution	89	(12)
Qualitative Cation Analysis
Analysis of a Known Cation Solution
Analysis of an Unknown Cation Solution
Identifying Anions in Solution	101	(12)
Qualitative Anion Analysis
Analysis of a Known Anion Solution
Analysis of an Unknown Anion Solution
Analysis of a Penny	113	(14)
Writing Chemical Equations
Combination Reactions---Instructor Demonstrations
Decomposition Reactions
Single-Replacement Reactions
Double-Replacement Reactions
Neutralization Reactions
Percentages of Copper and Zinc in a Penny
Determination of Avogadro's Number	127	(12)
Avogadro's Number and the Mole Concept
Calibrating a Dropper Pipet
Determining Avogadro's Number
Empirical Formulas of Compounds	139	(10)
Empirical Formula
Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide
Empirical Formula of Copper Sulfide
Analysis of Alum	149	(10)
Percent Composition and Empirical Formula
Percentage of Water in Alum Hydrate
Percentage of Water in an Unknown Hydrate
Water of Crystallization in an Unknown Hydrate
Decomposing Baking Soda	159	(10)
Mass--Mass Stoichiometry and Percent Yield
Percent Yield of Na2CO3 from Baking Soda
Percentage of NaHCO3 in an Unknown Mixture
Precipitating Calcium Phosphate	169	(10)
Mass-Mass Stoichiometry and Percent Yield
Percent Yield of Ca3(PO4)2 from CaCl2
Percentage of CaCl2 in an Unknown Mixture
Generating Hydrogen Gas	179	(12)
Mass--Volume Stoichiometry and Combined Gas Law
Molar Volume of Hydrogen Gas
Atomic Mass of an Unknown Metal
Generating Oxygen Gas	191	(12)
Mass--Volume Stoichiometry and Combined Gas Law
Percentage of KClO3 in a Known Mixture
Percentage of KClO3 in an Unknown Mixture
Molecular Models and Chemical Bonds	203	(16)
Chemical Bonding and Electron Dot Formulas
Molecular Models with Single Bonds
Molecular Models with Double Bonds
Molecular Models with Triple Bonds
Molecular Models with Two Double Bonds
Unknown Molecular Models
Analysis of Saltwater	219	(12)
Solubility and Solution Concentration
Solutes and Solvents
Rate of Dissolving
Demonstration of Supersaturation
Concentration of Sodium Chloride in Saltwater
Analysis of Vinegar	231	(12)
Acid--Base Titrations
Preparation of Standard Sodium Hydroxide Solution
Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar
Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions	243	(14)
Net Ionic Equations
Conductivity Testing---Evidence for Ions in Aqueous Solution
Conductivity Testing---Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
Net Ionic Equations---A Study Assignment
Activity Series of Metals	257	(16)
Oxidation---Reduction Reactions
Oxidation Numbers of Managanese
Oxidation Numbers of Chromium
Oxidation Numbers of Sulfur
Oxidation Numbers of Nitrogen
Oxidation---Reduction Equations
Activity Series and an Unknown Metal
Organic Models and Functional Groups	273	(16)
Classes of Organic Compounds
Molecular Models of Hydrocarbons
Molecular Models of Hydrocarbon Derivatives
Unknown Molecular Models
Separation of Food Colors and Amino Acids	289
Separation of Biochemical Compounds
Separation of Food Colors by Paper Chromatography
Identification of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography
APPENDICES
A Laboratory Burner	303	(1)
B Platform Balance	304	(1)
C Beam Balance	305	(1)
D Electronic Balance	306	(1)
E Volumetric Pipet	307	(1)
F Common Cations and Anions	308	(2)
G Activity Series	310	(1)
H Solubility Rules for Ionic Compounds	311	(1)
I Glossary	312	(9)
J Answers to Prelaboratory Assignments	321