Preparation for a Revolution The Young Turks, 1902-1908

by Hanioglu, M. Sukru

• ISBN13: 9780195134636
• ISBN10: 019513463X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-03-01
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This book will completely transform the standard interpretation of the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, a watershed event in the late Ottoman Empire and a key to the emergence of the modern nation-states in the Middle East and Balkans. Preparation for a Revolution is the first book on the Young Turk Revolution to draw on both the extensive memoirs and papers of the Young Turks and on the extensive diplomatic archives around the world. The author has plumbed not only the Ottoman Archives but collected documents from archives in Bonn, Berlin, Jerusalem, London, Paris, Rome, Athens, Sofia, Tirana, Bern, Geneva, Sarajevo, Cairo, Stockholm, and Tokyo. Breaking new ground, Hanioglu describes in detail how practical considerations led the Young Turks to sacrifice or alter many of their goals for social transformation. He tells a story rich in character and plot, and reveals the many factions and competing intellectual trends that marked this tumultuous period at the end of the Ottoman Empire. Preparation for a Revolution will prove indispensable to anyone working on the political, intellectual, and social history of the Ottoman Empire and of the states that were established on its ruins.

Author Biography

M. Sukru Hanioglu is a Professor in the Department of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University.

Table of Contents

Note on Transliteration, Place-names, and Dates	xiii
Abbreviations	xv
Introduction	3	(5)
The ``Majority'' and Its Activities, 1902-1905	8	(20)
The Palace Action against the ``Majority''	8	(3)
The Activities of the New Committee	11	(5)
The Coup d'Etat Attempt of 1902-1903	16	(12)
The Coalition between the Followers of Ahmed Riza and the Activists	28	(22)
First Activities of the ``Minority'' after the 1902 Congress	28	(4)
The Organization in the Coalition	32	(2)
Political Ideas Promoted by the Coalition	34	(12)
Activities of the Coalition as a Political Organization	46	(4)
Minor Young Turk Groups, 1902-1905	50	(32)
The Remaining Members of the Old CUP Organization	50	(9)
Yound Turks and the Zionists: Two Fascinating Schemes	59	(3)
The Young Turks in Egypt and the Journal Turk	62	(11)
The Young Turks in the Balkans	73	(5)
Activities in the Empire	78	(2)
The Flight of Ahmed Celaleddin Pasha	80	(2)
Sabahaddin Bey and His League of Private Initiative and Decentralization, 1905-1907	82	(48)
Sabahaddin Bey and Science Sociale	82	(9)
Organizational Network of the League of Private Initiative and Decentralization and Its Role in the 1905-1907 Rebellions in Anatolia	91	(3)
The Eastern Anatolian Rebellions of 1905-1907	94	(1)
Armenian and Young Turk Initiatives for a Rapprochement and Relations between Sabahaddin Bey's League and the Dashnaktutiun	95	(2)
The Intermediary and Bogus Organization Created by Sabahaddin Bey's League and the Dashnaktsutiun for Joint Action	97	(7)
The Kastamonu Uprising	104	(1)
Demonstrations in Trabzon	105	(1)
Unrest in Diyar-1 Bekir	106	(1)
Revolutionary Activities in Van	107	(2)
The Unending Rebellion of Erzurum, 1906-1907	109	(12)
The Revolutionary Activities: Centrally Coordinated or Spontaneous?	121	(2)
The Roots of Popular Dissatisfaction	123	(1)
Sabahaddin Bey and High Politics	124	(6)
The Reorganization of the Coalition and the Emergence of the CPU	130	(61)
The Committee of Progress and Union and Its Organizational Framework	136	(5)
The New Editorial Board of Sura-yi Ummet and the Publication Policy of the CPU	141	(2)
The CPU Branches and Organizational Network from the Reorganization of the CPU to Its Merger with the Ottoman Freedom Society	143	(4)
The CPU Branches: Their Organization and Activities	147	(26)
CPU Strategy and Ideology after the Reorganization	173	(8)
CPU Publication Policy and Propaganda after the Reorganization	181	(10)
The 1907 Congress of ``Ottoman Opposition Parties''	191	(19)
CPU Initiatives for a Tactical Alliance with the Armenian Revolutionary Organizations	191	(3)
Preparations for the Congress of ``Ottoman Opposition Parties''	194	(3)
Seeking the Participation of Other Opposition Groups	197	(6)
The Congress of ``Ottoman Opposition Parties''	203	(3)
Consequences of the Tactical Alliance	206	(4)
The CPU at Work: The Preparation and Execution of the Young Turk Revolution of 1908	210	(69)
The Ottoman Freedom Society and Its Merger with the CPU	210	(7)
The CPU's New Activist Policies	217	(2)
A New Invitation to the Military	219	(2)
The New CPU Strategy: My Friend Ali Please Form a Band	221	(6)
The New CPU Revolutionary Organization	227	(2)
Expansion of the CPU Network	229	(1)
Contingency Planning for the Ottoman Government's Counterrevolutionary Response	230	(2)
Factors Precipitating the Young Turk Revolution of 1908	232	(8)
CPU Propaganda prior to and during the Revolution	240	(2)
The Negotiations between the CPU and Other Organizations in Macedonia	242	(19)
The Execution of the Young Turk Revolution of 1908	261	(18)
The CUP Consolidates Its Revolution: An Epilogue	279	(10)
Political Ideas of the Young Turks, 1902-1908	289	(23)
From Intellectualism to Political Activism	289	(6)
From Turkism to Political Opportunism	295	(7)
The Young Turks and Anti-Imperialism	302	(3)
The Young Turks and Religion	305	(3)
The Young Turks and Elitism	308	(4)
Conclusion	312	(7)
Notes	319	(180)
Select Bibliography	499	(22)
Index	521