Examines the effects of the war on Blacks in the South and in the North, including the war's impact on black civilians, the utilization of runaway slaves as workmen for the Union army, the end of slavery, the ramifications of freedom for those who had been freemen before the war, and the education of newly freed slaves.

Introduction

ix

Edna Greene Medford

Acknowledgments

xiv

Part 1: Freedom Proclaimed, Freedom Seized

``Beckoning Them to the Dreamed of Promise of Freedom'': African-Americans and Lincoln's Proclamation of Emancipation

5

(10)

Edna Greene Medford

The Civil War in Kentucky: The Slave Claims His Freedom

15

(14)

Victor B. Howard

``Uncle Billy'' Sherman Comes to Town: The Free Winter of Black Savannah

29

(16)

William A. Byrne

``We'll Hang Jeff Davis on the Sour Apple Tree'': Civil War Era Slave Resistance in Louisiana

45

(12)

Junius P. Rodriguez

Emancipation in Missouri

57

(16)

Michael Fellman

Part 2: From Fugitives to Contrabands to Freedpeople

Being Free: Black Migration and the Civil War

73

(20)

Allan Johnston

Nashville's Fort Negley: A Symbol of Blacks' Involvement with the Union Army

93

(14)

Bobby L. Lovett

Black Violence and White Response: Louisiana, 1862

107

(14)

William F. Messner

From Slavery in Missouri to Freedom in Kansas: The Influx of Black Fugitives and Contrabands into Kansas, 1854--1865

121

(24)

Richard B. Sheridan

Part 3: Racial Attitudes on the Civil War Frontier

Civil War Kansas and the Negro

145

(10)

Albert Castel

The Negro in Wisconsin's Civil War Effort

155

(16)

Edward Noyes

Part 4: The Impact of War on Free People of Color

``I Was Always a Union Man'': The Dilemma of Free Blacks in Confederate Virginia

171

(14)

Edna Greene Medford

Humbly They Served: The Black Brigade in the Defense of Cincinnati

185

(16)

Edgar A. Toppin

Free Negroes and the Freedmen: Black Politics in New Orleans During the Civil War

201

(22)

Ted Tunnell

Part 5: Preparing For Freedom

Union Chaplains and the Education of the Freedmen

223

(8)

Warren B. Armstrong

Black Education in Louisiana, 1863--1865

231

(16)

William F. Messner

Notes on the Education of Negroes at Norfolk and Portsmouth, Virginia, During the Civil War

247

(12)

Sing-Nan Fen

The American Missionary Association and Black Education in Civil War Missouri

259

(12)

Joe M. Richardson

Part 6: The Quest For Self-Determination

Black Churches and the Civil War: Theological and Ecclesiastical Significance of Black Methodist Involvement, 1861--1865

271

(12)

Sandy Dwayne Martin

Sherman Marched---and Proclaimed ``Land for the Landless''

283

(16)

Howard C. Westwood

Part 7: African Americans and the Lincoln Legacy

Lincoln and Black Freedom

299

(18)

La Wanda Cox

Lincoln and Race Relations

317

(10)

Hans L. Trefousse

Notes

327

(66)

For Further Reading

393

(2)

Index

395

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