This book provides a single-volume introduction to the principles, strategies and practices currently applied by librarians and recordkeeping professionals to the critical issue of preservation of digital information. It incorporates practice from both the recordkeeping and the library communities, taking stock of current knowledge about digital preservation and describing recent and current research, to provide a framework for reflecting on the issues that digital preservation raises in professional practice.

Ross Harveyis on the faculty of the Graduate School of Library and Information Science, Simmons College, Boston. He has held positions at universities in Australia, Singapore, and New Zealand. His research and teaching interests focus on the stewardship of digital materials in libraries and archives, particularly on its preservation. He has published widely in the fields of bibliographic organization, library education, and the preservation of library and archival material.

List of figures	p. X
Introduction	p. 1
What is Preservation in the Digital Age? Changing PreservationParadigms	p. 7
Introduction	p. 7
Changing paradigms	p. 8
The need for a new preservation paradigm	p. 10
Changing definitions	p. 13
Preservation definitions in the digital world	p. 16
What exactly are we trying to preserve?	p. 21
How long are we preserving them for?	p. 23
What strategies and actions do we apply?	p. 24
Conclusion	p. 24
Why do we Preserve? Who Should do it?	p. 25
Introduction	p. 25
Why preserve digital materials?	p. 25
Professional imperatives	p. 27
New stakeholders	p. 29
How much data have we lost?	p. 33
Current state of awareness of digital preservation problems	p. 37
Conclusion	p. 38
Why There's a Problem: Digital Artifacts and Digital Objects	p. 39
Introduction	p. 39
Modes of digital death	p. 40
Digital storage media	p. 43
Magnetic media	p. 46
Optical disks	p. 47
The future for digital storage media	p. 49
Digital objects - more than digital artifacts	p. 50
Loss of functionality of access devices	p. 51
Loss of manipulation and presentation capabilities	p. 52
Weak links in the documentation chain and loss of contextual information	p. 53
Conclusion	p. 55
Selection for Preservation - The Critical Decision	p. 56
Introduction	p. 56
Selection for preservation, cultural heritage, and professional practice	p. 57
Selection criteria traditionally used by libraries and archives	p. 59
Why traditional selection criteria do not apply to digital materials	p. 63
IPR, context, stakeholders, and lifecycle models	p. 65
Intellectual property rights and legal deposit	p. 65
Context and community	p. 66
Stakeholder input	p. 67
Value of lifecycle models	p. 68
Developing selection frameworks for preserving digital materials	p. 69
Some selection frameworks	p. 71
How much to select?	p. 73
Conclusion	p. 74
What Attributes of Digital Materials Do We Preserve?	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
Digital materials, technology, and data	p. 77
The importance of preserving context	p. 79
The OAIS Reference Model	p. 80
The role of metadata	p. 82
Preservation metadata	p. 84
Preservation metadata standards	p. 85
Persistent identifiers	p. 86
Authenticity	p. 87
Significant properties	p. 90
Research into authenticity	p. 95
Functional Requirements for Evidence in Recordkeeping Project(Pittsburgh)	p. 95
InterPARES	p. 95
Trusted digital repositories	p. 97
Conclusion	p. 98
Overview of Digital Preservation Strategies	p. 99
Introduction	p. 99
Historical overview	p. 101
Who is doing what?	p. 103
Criteria for effective strategies and practices	p. 107
Broader concerns	p. 111
Standards	p. 111
Planning	p. 111
Policies	p. 112
Sustainability	p. 113
Typologies of principles, strategies, and practices	p. 114
A typology of digital preservation?	p. 118
Conclusion	p. 120
'Preserve Technology' Approaches: Tried and Tested Methods	p. 121
Introduction	p. 121
'Non-solutions	p. 122
Do nothing	p. 124
Storage and handling practices	p. 124
Durable/persistent digital storage media	p. 127
Analogue backups	p. 129
Digital technology and digital forensics	p. 130
'Preserve technology'approaches	p. 131
Technology preservation	p. 132
Technology watch	p. 133
Emulation	p. 134
The Universal Virtual Computer	p. 138
Conclusion	p. 139
'Preserve Objects' Approaches: New Frontiers?	p. 140
Introduction	p. 140
'Preserve Objects' approaches	p. 140
Bit-stream copying, refreshing, and replication	p. 142
Bit-stream copying	p. 142
Refreshing	p. 142
Replication	p. 143
Standard data formats	p. 143
File format registries	p. 147
Standardizing file formats	p. 150
Restricting the range of file formats	p. 152
Developing archival file formats	p. 153
XML	p. 154
Migration	p. 156
Viewers and migration on request	p. 161
Encapsulation	p. 162
Storage	p. 163
Combining principles, strategies, and practices	p. 165
Conclusion	p. 167
Digital Preservation Initiatives and Collaborations	p. 168
Introduction	p. 168
Collaboration	p. 168
Typologies of digital preservation initiatives	p. 171
International initiatives and collaborations	p. 172
International services	p. 173
The Internet Archive	p. 173
JSTOR	p. 174
DuraSpace	p. 175
Lockss	p. 178
MetaArchive Cooperative	p. 179
International alliances	p. 180
Unesco	p. 180
Padi	p. 181
Oclc	p. 182
Camileon	p. 183
International Internet Preservation Consortium	p. 183
Regional initiatives and collaborations	p. 185
Regional services	p. 185
Nedlib	p. 185
Regional alliances	p. 185
Erpanet	p. 185
European Commission-funded projects	p. 186
Digital Recordkeeping Initiative	p. 188
National initiatives and collaborations	p. 187
National services	p. 188
AHDS	p. 188
Florida Digital Archive	p. 189
National alliances	p. 190
Digital Curation Centre	p. 190
Digital Preservation Coalition	p. 191
NDIIPP	p. 192
National Digital Stewardship Alliance	p. 193
HathiTrust	p. 194
Sectoral initiatives and collaborations	p. 195
Sectoral services	p. 195
Cedars	p. 196
Sectoral alliances	p. 196
JISC	p. 196
Conclusion	p. 197
Challenges for the Future of Digital Preservation	p. 199
Introduction	p. 199
What have we learned so far?	p. 201
Four major challenges	p. 206
managing digital preservation	p. 206
funding digital preservation	p. 208
peopling digital preservation	p. 211
making digital preservation fit	p. 213
Research and digital preservation	p. 215
Conclusion: the future of digital preservation	p. 219
Bibliography	p. 221
Index	p. 241
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