A Primer for Law & Policy Design: Understanding the Use of Principle & Argument in Environmental & Natural Resource Law provides the means by which both students and professionals can fully and systematically understand the inherent policy arguments behind the law and the foundational normative principles that inform those arguments. Examining both economic and ecosystem values, it is meant as a supplementary text for all those applying critical reason to environmental law. This small self-study book enriches one's ability to analyze the law as it is, while providing the tools and skill-set to design alternatives for change.

Preface	p. iii
Acknowledgements	p. vii
Glossary	p. ix
Table of Cases	p. xxi
List of Insight Boxes	p. xxvii
Policy Design for Environmental Law	p. 1
Sources of Environmental & Natural Resources Law	p. 24
Standing: The Intersection of the Constitution, Statutory Law, Administrative Regulation & Common Law	p. 26
The Right to Sue Under an Enabling or Regulatory Statute	p. 27
The Right to Sue Under the APA	p. 28
The Injury-In-Fact Requirement	p. 29
Ripeness	p. 30
Mootness	p. 33
The "Case and Controversy" Language of the Constitution	p. 34
Cases	p. 36
Sierra Club v. Rogers C. B. Morton	p. 36
Notes & Questions	p. 45
Manuel Lujan, Jr. v. National Wildlife Federation	p. 45
Notes & Questions	p. 56
Manuel Lujan, Jr. v. Defenders of Wildlife	p. 57
Notes & Questions	p. 73
Exercise: Law From Scratch	p. 74
The Common Law	p. 74
Public Trust & Equitable Apportionment Doctrines	p. 75
Nuisance	p. 77
State of Missouri v. State of Illinois	p. 78
Notes & Questions	p. 83
Oscar H. Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Company, Inc.	p. 83
Notes & Questions	p. 89
Exercise: Law From Scratch	p. 90
Legislative Statutes & Administrative Regulation	p. 90
Ripeness, Finality, and Exhaustion	p. 94
The Exhaustion Doctrine	p. 94
The Proper Forum Issue and Primary Jurisdiction	p. 96
Exhaustion v. Primary Jurisdiction	p. 97
The Final Order Rule & the Merits of the Case	p. 98
Standard I: Ultra Vires Agency Actions	p. 100
Standard II: Arbitrary and Capricious Agency Action	p. 101
Standard III: Judicial Review of Administrative Procedures	p. 104
Remedies	p. 105
Cases	p. 106
United States of America v. Nova Scotia Food Products Corp.	p. 107
Notes & Questions	p. 113
Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.	p. 113
Notes & Questions	p. 120
Exercise: Law From Scratch	p. 121
Constitutional Law	p. 121
The Supremacy Clause	p. 122
The 10th Amendment	p. 123
The Commerce Clause	p. 124
The 5th Amendment: Taking and Due Process	p. 127
The 14th Amendment: Equal Protection	p. 133
The Contract Clause	p. 134
The Delegation of Power Clause	p. 135
The Treaty Clause	p. 136
Cases	p. 139
Tanner v. ARMCO Steel Corporation	p. 140
Notes & Questions	p. 147
Trustee for the People of the Commonwealth v. National Gettysburg Battlefield Tower, Inc.	p. 147
Notes & Questions	p. 154
Exercise: Law From Scratch	p. 155
Conclusion: Legal Sources as Instruments of Policy Design	p. 155
The Market Approach to the Natural World: A Template for Legal Argument	p. 157
A Template for Policy Design Paradigms	p. 158
Template-Stage I: Fundamental Assumptions	p. 158
The Individual	p. 158
Community and Collective Action	p. 159
The Legitimate/Just State	p. 162
Template-Stage II: Operating Principles and Material Conditions	p. 163
Operating Principles	p. 164
Material Conditions	p. 165
Template-Stage III: Maxims and Methods of Application	p. 166
Maxims	p. 166
Methods	p. 167
A Context Model for the Market Paradigm	p. 171
Model Components, Priorities, and Construction of the Traditional Sector Approach	p. 173
Applications of TSA: Moving from Strategy to Tactics	p. 180
Efficient Natural Resource Law & Policy	p. 182
Mining	p. 183
Grazing	p. 184
Timber	p. 193
Conclusion	p. 201
An Ecosystem Approach to Environmental & Resource Law: Alternative I	p. 202
Sustainability v. Ecosystem Integrity: The Case of the United States Forest Service	p. 203
Sustainability & the Ecosystem Approach	p. 207
The Relationship Between Principle & Policy	p. 211
Sustainability as Efficiency	p. 213
The Need for a New Core Principle: Preservation of Ecosystem Integrity	p. 216
An Ecosystem Paradigm & Context Model: Moving Beyond Market Assumptions	p. 222
Template-Stage I: Fundamental Assumptions-Ecosystems, Individuals & Nature	p. 225
Individual	p. 225
Collective Action	p. 226
The Role of the State	p. 228
Template-Stage II: Principles & Material Conditions	p. 229
Operating Principles	p. 229
Material Conditions	p. 229
Template-Stage III: Maxims & Methods	p. 230
Maxims	p. 230
Methods	p. 230
Our Kantian Duties to Nature	p. 232
Kantian Conservationism	p. 233
Kantian Preservationism	p. 239
Kant's Imperative for Policy Design & Environmental Law	p. 245
The Resources-to-Recovery Context Model	p. 251
Toward an Ecosystem Context Model	p. 251
A Resources-to-Recovery Framework for Ecosystem Argument	p. 254
Ecosystem Integrity and the Extraction Decision: The Applied Cases of Wilderness & Wildlife	p. 259
Integrity, Efficiency and the National Wildlife Refuge	p. 260
Preservation, Conservation, and Legal Wilderness	p. 267
Integrity, Ecosystem Argument, and Preservation	p. 273
Conclusion	p. 277
An Ecosystem Approach to Environmental & Resource Law: Alternative II	p. 279
Conventional Law & Policy Analysis for the Environment	p. 280
The Cost-Benefit Method & Market-Based Valuation Techniques	p. 281
The Justification & Treatment of Environmental Value	p. 283
Values, Reasons, & Principles in Law & Policy Choice	p. 284
The Distributional Consequences of Kaldor Efficiency	p. 286
Ecological Value & Uninformed Preferences	p. 288
Toward Ideal-Regarding Environmental Evaluation	p. 292
Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach as a Basis for Ideal-Regarding Evaluation	p. 293
A Capabilities Paradigm and Context Model	p. 300
Template-Stage I: Fundamental Assumptions	p. 300
The Individual and Nature	p. 301
Collective Interests and Action	p. 303
The Role of the State	p. 304
Template-Stage II: Principles and Material Conditions	p. 306
Operating Principle	p. 306
Material Conditions	p. 308
Template-Stage III: Maxims and Methods	p. 310
Maxims	p. 310
Methods	p. 311
An Ecosystem Health Context Model	p. 312
Valuation of Water Pollution Control Policy: The Legal and Administrative Context	p. 316
EPA's Benefits Analysis of Effluent Emissions Guidelines	p. 318
Valuation of Water Quality	p. 319
Toward a More Adequate Ideal-Regarding Valuation of Water Quality	p. 326
Conclusion	p. 331
Conclusion: A Logic of Argument for Law & Policy Design	p. 333
Core Question	p. 335
Point of Departure From the Reading	p. 335
Thesis	p. 336
Logical Entailments	p. 338
Evidence	p. 339
Exercise I	p. 341
Conclusion	p. 341
Exercise II	p. 341
Exercise III	p. 341
Law, Efficiency & Cost-Benefit Methods	p. 346
Index	p. 355
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