The Principalship Vision to Action

by Lunenburg, Fred C.; Irby, Beverly J.

• ISBN13: 9780534625955
• ISBN10: 0534625959
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-07-19
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Succeed in your future career with THE PRINCIPALSHIP! This education text prepares you for your role as principal by addressing topics and issues faced daily by every principal at every school level, including curriculum development and implementation, professional development, developing effective communications, budgeting and school facilities, creating safe schools, community relations, ethics, and legal issues. End-of-chapter Field-Based Activities, current examples of effective school practice, and integrative case help you gain a better understanding of the day-to-day experience of principals and apply important concepts.

Table of Contents

Part I Skills for Effective Leadership
Cultivating Community, Culture, and Learning	1	(23)
Focusing Questions	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(4)
Educational Leadership Constituent Council (ELCC) Standards	2	(3)
Reframing the Role of the Principal	5	(1)
A New Approach to the Principalship	5	(1)
Creating a Professional Learning Community	6	(4)
Creating a Mission Statement	7	(1)
Developing a Vision	7	(1)
Developing Value Statements	8	(1)
Establishing Goals	9	(1)
Developing a Culture: Learning for All	10	(4)
Definition and Characteristics	10	(1)
Heroes, Traditions, and Networks	11	(1)
Maintaining School Culture	12	(2)
The Principal as Instructional Leader	14	(3)
Focusing on Learning	14	(1)
Encouraging Collaboration	15	(1)
Analyzing Results	15	(1)
Providing Support	16	(1)
Aligning Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment	17	(1)
Summary	17	(1)
Field-Based Activities	18	(1)
Suggested Readings	18	(2)
Overview of Context for Case Studies	20	(1)
Part I Case Study: A New Role	21	(3)
Part II ELCC Standard 1
Creating a Vision for Learning	24	(29)
Focusing Questions	24	(1)
Gaining a Perspective on the Vision: Considering the Future	25	(4)
Considerations of the Present and the Future: The Global Society	26	(1)
Understanding Our World and Our Position as a Principal in the Challenges for Learning	26	(2)
Bringing the Vision Home to the School Culture	28	(1)
The Systemic Vision	29	(1)
Creating a Vision	30	(3)
The Principal's Vision	30	(1)
Beliefs, Values, and Attitudes	30	(2)
The Leadership Framework	32	(1)
Benefits of Articulating the Vision	33	(1)
Shepherding the Vision	33	(2)
Vision Detractors	33	(1)
Vision Maintainers	34	(1)
Mission Statements	35	(1)
Goal Statements	36	(8)
Hierarchy of Goals	36	(2)
Criteria for Effective Goals	38	(2)
The Goal-Setting Process	40	(1)
Problems With Goal Setting	41	(1)
Making Goal Setting Effective	42	(2)
Developing Plans for Attaining Goals	44	(3)
Strategic Plans	44	(1)
Tactical Plans	44	(1)
Operational Plans	44	(1)
Standing Plans	45	(1)
Single-Use Plans	46	(1)
How Some Schools Have Used Goal Setting to Improve Test Scores	46	(1)
Summary	47	(1)
Field-Based Activities	48	(1)
Suggested Readings	48	(2)
Part II Case Study: Creating a Vision	50	(3)
Part III ELCC Standard 2
Curriculum Development and Implementation	53	(33)
Focusing Questions	53	(1)
Concepts and Models of Curriculum	54	(15)
Concepts of Curriculum	54	(1)
Models of Curriculum	55	(6)
Modern Models of Curriculum	61	(8)
Relationship of Curriculum to Instruction	69	(2)
The Principal as Curriculum and Instructional Leader	71	(7)
Curriculum Goals and Instructional Objectives	72	(2)
Writing Effective Instructional Objectives	74	(4)
Developing a Needs Assessment	78	(4)
How to Conduct a Curriculum Needs Assessment Considering Standards	79	(1)
Assessment Tools	80	(1)
Curriculum Alignment Process	80	(2)
Focusing the Vision and the School's Mission Through Curriculum	82	(1)
Aligning the Curriculum to the Vision and Mission	82	(1)
Summary	83	(1)
Field-Based Activities	83	(1)
Suggested Readings	84	(2)
Teaching and Learning	86	(34)
Focusing Questions	86	(1)
The Principal's Role in Teaching and Learning	86	(1)
The Principal's Role in Instructional Planning	87	(15)
Promoting Teacher Reflection in Instructional Planning	88	(1)
Using Student Data and Evidence in Instructional Planning	89	(2)
Using Students' Cultural Backgrounds in Instructional Planning	91	(1)
Using Theoretical Frames for Instructional Planning	92	(10)
The Effective Schools Model	102	(5)
Clear and Focused Mission	104	(1)
Instructional Leadership	104	(1)
High Expectations	104	(1)
Opportunity to Learn and Time on Task	105	(1)
Frequent Monitoring and Assessment	106	(1)
Safe and Orderly Environment	106	(1)
Positive Home-School Relations	107	(1)
Effective Teaching Practices	107	(6)
Twelve Principles of Effective Teaching	108	(3)
Conditions for Learning	111	(1)
Best Practices for the Classroom	112	(1)
Models of Evaluation	113	(3)
Formative and Summative Evaluation	113	(1)
Classroom Observations	114	(1)
Walk-Through Observations	114	(2)
Peer Coaching	116	(1)
Summary	116	(1)
Field-Based Activities	117	(1)
Suggested Readings	118	(2)
Professional Development	120	(15)
Focusing Questions	120	(1)
The Principal's Mission Related to Professional Development	120	(1)
The Principal's Mission for Teachers' Professional Development	121	(1)
High-Quality Professional Development	122	(6)
The Principal's Mission for Personal Professional Development	128	(4)
The Professional Development Portfolio	128	(2)
Using the Professional Development Portfolio	130	(2)
Ethics of Professional Development	132	(1)
Summary	132	(1)
Field-Based Activities	133	(1)
Suggested Readings	133	(2)
Student Services	135	(39)
Focusing Questions	135	(1)
Guidance and Counseling Services	136	(4)
Aims of Guidance and Counseling Programs	136	(1)
The Role of the Counselor	137	(1)
Major Guidance and Counseling Services	137	(1)
Methods of Counseling	138	(1)
Evaluation of Guidance and Counseling Programs	139	(1)
Attendance and Student Records	140	(2)
The Cumulative Record	141	(1)
The Use of Assessment Data to Improve Learning	141	(1)
Evaluating Student Progress	142	(5)
Purposes of Assessment	142	(1)
Establishing Information Criteria	143	(1)
Creating Effective Tests	143	(2)
Components of a Testing Program	145	(2)
Reporting to Parents and Families	147	(2)
Difficulties in Grading	147	(1)
Methods of Reporting Student Progress	148	(1)
Extracurricular Activities	149	(1)
Goals of Education	149	(1)
Functions of Extracurricular Activities	149	(1)
Special Education Services	150	(3)
Related Services	151	(1)
Due Process Protections	151	(1)
Discipline	152	(1)
Gifted Education	153	(9)
Administrative Arrangements for Gifted Education Programs	156	(1)
Definitions of Giftedness	156	(4)
What Principals Can Do for Gifted Education	160	(1)
Curriculum Models for Gifted Education	161	(1)
Bilingual Education	162	(6)
Program Descriptions	163	(1)
Administrative Arrangements for Service Delivery of Bilingual Education	164	(1)
Bilingual Education Models	165	(1)
English as a Second Language Program Models	166	(2)
Summary	168	(1)
Field-Based Activities	168	(1)
Suggested Readings	169	(2)
Part III Case Study: Learning for All	171	(3)
Part IV ELCC Standard 3
Organizational Structures	174	(28)
Focusing Questions	174	(1)
Key Concepts of Organizational Structure	175	(6)
Job Specialization	175	(1)
Departmentalization	176	(1)
Delegation	176	(2)
Decentralization	178	(1)
Span of Management	179	(1)
Line and Staff Positions	179	(2)
Schools as Open Systems	181	(1)
Inputs	181	(1)
Transformation Process	181	(1)
Outputs	182	(1)
Feedback	182	(1)
Leadership Functions	182	(2)
Planning	183	(1)
Organizing	183	(1)
Leading	184	(1)
Monitoring	184	(1)
Administrative Roles	184	(1)
Management Skills	185	(2)
Conceptual Skills	185	(1)
Human Skills	186	(1)
Technical Skills	187	(1)
Effective Principals	187	(2)
Task Dimensions	187	(1)
Human Resource Activities	187	(2)
Behavioral Profiles of Effective Versus Successful Administrators	189	(1)
The Demise of Bureaucracy	189	(2)
Emergent Models of Organizational Structure	191	(7)
System 4 Design	191	(1)
Site-Based Management	192	(1)
Transformational Leadership	193	(1)
Synergistic Leadership Theory	194	(2)
Total Quality Management	196	(2)
Summary	198	(1)
Field-Based Activities	199	(1)
Suggested Readings	200	(2)
The Principal as Decision Maker	202	(20)
Focusing Questions	202	(1)
The Nature of Decision Making	202	(2)
The Decision-Making Process	204	(3)
Identifying the Problem	204	(1)
Generating Alternatives	205	(1)
Evaluating Alternatives	206	(1)
Choosing an Alternatives	206	(1)
Implementing the Decision	206	(1)
Evaluating Decision Effectiveness	207	(1)
The Rational Decision Maker	207	(4)
Assumptions of Rationality	207	(2)
Limits to Rationality	209	(2)
Shared Decision Making	211	(2)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Shared Decision Making	212	(1)
The Decision Tree Model	213	(3)
The Decision Making-Pattern Choice Model	216	(1)
The Synergistic Decision-Making Model	217	(2)
Summary	219	(1)
Field-Based Activities	219	(1)
Suggested Readings	220	(2)
Developing Effective Communications	222	(16)
Focusing Questions	222	(1)
The Communication Process	222	(2)
Elements of the Communication Process	223	(1)
Planning a School-wide Communications Program	224	(1)
Organizational Communication	224	(5)
Direction of Communication Flow	224	(3)
Communication Networks	227	(2)
Managing Communication	229	(6)
Barriers to Communication	229	(2)
Improving Communication Effectiveness	231	(4)
Summary	235	(1)
Field-Based Activities	236	(1)
Suggested Readings	236	(2)
The Principal and Change	238	(18)
Focusing Questions	238	(1)
The Nature of Organizational Change	238	(6)
Forces for Change	239	(1)
Resistance to Change	240	(1)
Overcoming Resistance to Change	240	(3)
Understanding Resistance to Change	243	(1)
Getting Reform Right: What Works and What Doesn't	244	(1)
Managing Change	244	(5)
The Principal as Change Agent	244	(3)
The Change Process	247	(2)
Key Principal Behaviors That Promote Successful School Change	249	(1)
Change Strategies	249	(4)
Process Strategies	249	(2)
Structural Strategies	251	(2)
Summary	253	(1)
Field-Based Activities	253	(1)
Suggested Readings	254	(2)
Budgeting and School Facilities	256	(20)
Focusing Questions	256	(1)
School Budgeting	256	(8)
Expenditures and Revenue	257	(2)
The Budgeting Process	259	(2)
Financial Controls	261	(1)
Zero-Based Budgeting	262	(1)
Planning-Programming-Budgeting Systems	263	(1)
School Facilities Management	264	(9)
School Infrastructure Costs	265	(2)
Financing School Construction	267	(1)
Environmental Hazards	268	(5)
Summary	273	(1)
Field-Based Activities	273	(1)
Suggested Readings	274	(2)
Creating Safe Schools	276	(19)
Focusing Questions	276	(1)
School Violence and Alcohol and Drug Use	277	(3)
Creating a Safe Environment	277	(1)
Research: School Violence and Alcohol and Drug Use	277	(3)
Applying Research to Practice: Developing an Action Plan	280	(12)
Strategy 1: Predict School Violence	280	(1)
Strategy 2: Prevent School Violence	281	(3)
Strategy 3: Focus Resources on Schools	284	(1)
Strategy 4: Strengthen the System	285	(1)
Strategy 5: Develop a Crisis Management Plan	285	(2)
Strategy 6: Create an Orderly Climate for Learning	287	(5)
Summary	292	(1)
Field-Based Activities	293	(1)
Suggested Readings	293	(2)
Human Resource Management	295	(29)
Focusing Questions	295	(1)
The Human Resource Management Process	296	(1)
Recruitment	296	(3)
Job Analysis	296	(1)
Legal Constraints	297	(1)
Personnel Sources	298	(1)
Teacher Recruitment Consortium	299	(1)
Selection	299	(5)
Interviews	299	(2)
Components of a Good Interview Process	301	(1)
Testing	302	(1)
Assessment Centers	303	(1)
Staff Development	304	(5)
Assessing Staff Development Needs	305	(1)
Setting Staff Development Objectives	305	(1)
Selecting Staff Development Methods	306	(1)
Evaluating the Staff Development Program	306	(1)
Orientation and Induction of the Beginning Teacher	307	(1)
Guidelines for Improving Support for Beginning Teachers	308	(1)
Performance Appraisal	309	(7)
Appraisal Techniques	309	(3)
Common Rating Errors	312	(1)
Modern Appraisal Techniques	313	(1)
Supervision and Evaluation	313	(2)
Improving Teacher Performance Appraisals	315	(1)
Union-Management Relations	316	(1)
The Importance of Good Union-Management Relations	316	(1)
The Collective Bargaining Process	317	(1)
Summary	317	(2)
Field-Based Activities	319	(1)
Suggested Readings	319	(2)
Part IV Case Study: The New Math Program	321	(3)
Part V ELCC Standard 4
Community Relations	324	(21)
Focusing Questions	324	(1)
Principals as ``Boundary Spanners''	325	(1)
School, Family, and Community Involvement	325	(6)
Principals Leading Community Efforts During Catastrophes	326	(2)
Principals Leading School, Family, and Community Involvement	328	(1)
More Family Involvement Information for Principals to Consider	329	(2)
Principals, School-Community Relations, and Public Relations	331	(5)
The Politics of Internal and External Publics	333	(1)
Consideration of the Media and Community Relations	333	(1)
NSPRA Standards for Educational Public Relations Programs	334	(2)
Public Relations Plan	336	(2)
The Four-Step Public Relations Process	336	(1)
Public Relations Planning Process	337	(1)
Summary	338	(2)
Field-Based Activities	340	(1)
Suggested Readings	340	(2)
Part V Case Study: Building Bridges Again	342	(3)
Part VI ELCC Standard 5
The Principal and Ethics	345	(25)
Focusing Questions	345	(1)
The Ethical Principal	346	(1)
Principals and Philosophical Concepts of Ethics	346	(7)
Rights	347	(1)
Freedom	347	(1)
Responsibility and Authority	348	(1)
Duty	349	(1)
Justice	349	(1)
Equity	349	(1)
Caring	350	(1)
Character, Commitment, and Formality	350	(1)
Conflict of Interest	350	(1)
Loyalty	351	(1)
Prudence	351	(1)
Critique	352	(1)
Profession	352	(1)
Moral Imperative	352	(1)
Principals and Ethical Behavior in Schools	353	(4)
Principals Promoting Ethical Behavior in Athletic Programs	353	(1)
Principals Promoting Ethical Behavior Through Character Education	354	(1)
Policies and Procedures That Promote Ethical Behavior in Schools	355	(2)
National and State Codes of Ethics for Principals	357	(5)
National Ethical Codes	357	(3)
State Codes	360	(2)
Summary	362	(2)
Field-Based Activities	364	(1)
Suggested Readings	365	(2)
Part VI Case Study: Tough Decisions	367	(3)
Part VII ELCC Standard 6
Political and Policy Context	370	(22)
Focusing Questions	370	(1)
Society, Policy, and Politics	370	(2)
Policy, Politics, and the Principal	372	(1)
What Is a Policy?	372	(7)
The Examination of Policy	374	(3)
Conceptual Framework for Understanding Policy	377	(2)
What Is Meant by Politics?	379	(5)
Types of Educational Politics	382	(2)
Politics in the District: Working With the Superintendent and Other External Forces	384	(3)
Summary	387	(2)
Field-Based Activities	389	(1)
Suggested Readings	389	(3)
Legal Issues	392	(49)
Focusing Questions	392	(1)
Legal Basis for Public Education	393	(1)
Sources of Law	393	(5)
Federal Level	393	(3)
State Level	396	(1)
Local Level	397	(1)
The American Judicial System	398	(2)
Federal Courts	398	(1)
State Courts	399	(1)
Schools and the State	400	(12)
Compulsory School Attendance	400	(1)
Church-State Relations	401	(2)
State Aid to Private Schools	403	(2)
School Fees	405	(2)
The School Curriculum	407	(2)
State-Mandated Performance Testing	409	(3)
Students and the Law	412	(8)
Freedom of Expression	412	(2)
Student Appearance	414	(1)
Extracurricular Activities	415	(1)
Student Discipline	416	(3)
Students With Disabilities	419	(1)
Teachers and the Law	420	(15)
Licensure and Certification	421	(1)
Contracts	421	(1)
Termination of Employment	422	(2)
Discrimination in Employment	424	(4)
Collective Bargaining	428	(5)
Tort Liability	433	(2)
Summary	435	(1)
Field-Based Activities	436	(1)
Suggested Readings	436	(2)
Part VII Case Study: A Case for the Attorney	438	(3)
References	441
Name Index	1	(8)
Subject Index	9