Principles of Bacterial Pathogenesis

by Groisman

• ISBN13: 9780123042200
• ISBN10: 0123042208
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-12-22
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Principles of Bacterial Pathogenesis presents a molecular perspective on a select group of bacterial pathogens by having the leaders of the field present their perspective in a clear and authoritative manner. Each chapter contains a comprehensive review devoted to a single pathogen. Several chapters include work from authors outside the pathogenesis field, providing general perspectives on the evolution, regulation, and secretion of virulence and determinants. Key Features * Explains the basic principles of bacterial pathogenesis * Covers diverse aspects integrating regulation, cellular microbiology and evolution of microbial disease of humans * Discusses current strategies for the identification of virulence determinants and the methods used by microbes to deliver virulence factors * Presents authoritative treatises of the major disease microorganisms

Table of Contents

Contributors	xi
Preface	xv
Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens
Howard Ochman
Introduction	2	(1)
The Genetic Basis of Virulence	2	(4)
Identification of Sequences Involved in Bacterial Pathogenesis	6	(2)
Recovery of Genes Contributing to Virulence	8	(1)
The Population Genetics of Pathogens	9	(1)
Studying Bacterial Population Genetics	10	(3)
The Organization of Genetic Diversity in Pathogenic Microorganisms	13	(1)
Population Genetics of Representative Bacterial Pathogens	14	(14)
Conclusions	28	(15)
References	29	(14)
Germ Warfare: The Mechanisms of Virulence Factor Delivery
Jill Reiss Harper
Thomas J. Silhavy
Introduction	43	(2)
The General Secretory Pathway	45	(2)
Autotransporters: Type V	47	(2)
Two-Step Secretion: Type II	49	(3)
ABC Transporters: Type I	52	(3)
Conjugal Transfer Systems: Type IV	55	(2)
Contact-Dependent Secretion: Type III	57	(4)
Concluding Remarks	61	(15)
References	61	(15)
Regulation of Virulence Gene Expression in Bacterial Pathogens
Charles J. Dorman
Stephen G. J. Smith
Introduction	76	(1)
Transcription Initiation	77	(2)
Regulatory Protein Families	79	(3)
Covalent Modification of Transcription Factors	82	(4)
Regulatory Networks	86	(1)
The Oxidative Stress Response	87	(2)
The Modular Nature of Bacterial Regulatory Proteins	89	(3)
The Overlap between Genome Structure and Gene Regulation	92	(2)
Other Classes of Protein Regulators	94	(1)
DNA Structure and Gene Regulation	94	(3)
Stereotypical and Stochastic Events in the Control of Gene Expression	97	(4)
The Switch Controlling Type I Fimbrial Expression in E. coli	101	(2)
Pap Pilus Gene Transcription	103	(2)
Contact-Dependent Gene Regulation	105	(1)
The Virulence Gene Regulatory Cascade of S. flexneri	106	(3)
A Thermometer Protein from the Salmonella Virulence Plasmid	109	(1)
Cell-Density-Dependent Regulation	110	(4)
Adaptive Mutation	114	(1)
Rare tRNAs and Translation Modulation	114	(1)
Protein Splicing	115	(1)
Antisense RNA	115	(1)
Perspective	116	(18)
References	117	(17)
Strategies to Identify Bacterial Pathogenicity Factors
Andrew Camilli
D. Scott Merrell
John J. Mekalanos
Introduction	134	(1)
Biochemical Strategies	135	(14)
Genetic Screens	149	(10)
Genetic Selections	159	(6)
Genomic Approaches	165	(4)
Concluding Remarks	169	(11)
References	170	(10)
Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenesis in Plants: Familiar Foes in a Foreign Kingdom
James R. Alfand
Alan Collmer
Introduction	180	(1)
An Overview of Bacterial Plant Pathogens and Plant Diseases	181	(5)
Tumorigenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Using the Type IV Secretion System to Transform the Host into a Factory for Bacterial Nutrients	186	(3)
Necrogenic, Stealth Pathogens: Parasites Strongly Dependent on the Hrp (Type III) Protein Secretion System	189	(11)
Necrogenic, Brute-Force Pathogens: Soft-Rotters Dependent on Type II Secretion of Pectic Enzymes	200	(1)
Other Virulence Factors of Gram-Negative Plant Pathogens Compared with Those of Animal Pathogens	201	(5)
Host Innate Immune Systems: Common Components in Pathogen Recognition and Defense Signaling	206	(1)
The R Gene Surveillance System: An Innate Immune System with Elaborate Recognition Specificity	207	(2)
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Dual-Kingdom Pathogenesis	209	(1)
Conclusions	210	(18)
References	211	(17)
Yersinia
Aoife P. Boyd
Guy R. Cornelis
Introduction	228	(3)
The Adhesive Factors	231	(5)
Iron Acquisition	236	(1)
Pathogenicity Islands	237	(1)
Yst Enterotoxin	238	(1)
The Yersinia Virulence Plasmid	238	(14)
Conclusion	252	(14)
References	253	(13)
Molecular Pathogenesis of Salmonellae
Christina A. Scherer
Samuel I. Miller
Introduction	266	(1)
History	266	(1)
Taxonomy	267	(1)
Epidemiology and Clinical Disease	268	(4)
Clinical Course and Basic Immunology	272	(8)
In Vitro Models of Salmonella Virulence	280	(10)
Virulence Factors	290	(22)
Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonellae	312	(2)
Salmonella-Based Vaccines	314	(22)
References	316	(20)
Shigellosis: From Disease Symptoms to Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis
Philippe J. Sansonetti
Coumaran Egile
Christine Wenneras
Introduction	336	(1)
Bacteriology	337	(1)
The Somatic Antigen	338	(1)
Epidemiology and Transmission	338	(2)
Disease Symptoms and Complications: Orientations for Future Research?	340	(2)
Histopathology of Shigellosis: A Window on Pathogenesis	342	(1)
Animal Models: Strengths and Weaknesses	343	(1)
Cellular Models of Infection: The Contribution of Shigella to the Concept of Cellular Microbiology	344	(1)
Pathogenic Mechanisms: In Vitro Expression of the Invasive Phenotype	345	(20)
Pathogenic Mechanisms: In Vivo Expression of the Invasive Phenotype	365	(4)
Role of Chromosomally Encoded Genes in the Virulence of Shigella	369	(4)
Conclusions	373	(15)
References	373	(15)
Pathogenic Escherichia coli
Jose L. Puente
B. Brett Finlay
Introduction	388	(2)
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)	390	(6)
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)	396	(2)
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)	398	(10)
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)	408	(6)
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)	414	(3)
Diffusely Adhering E. coli (DAEC)	417	(1)
Uropathogenic E. coli	418	(8)
E. coli That Cause Sepsis and Meningitis	426	(2)
Conclusions	428	(29)
References	428	(29)
Molecular Basis of Vibrio cholerae Pathogenesis
Victor J. DiRita
Introduction	457	(1)
Vibrio cholerae	458	(5)
Cholera	463	(2)
Molecular Mechanisms of Disease	465	(24)
Natural and Induced Immunity against Vibrio cholerae Infection	489	(4)
Future Studies: The Past Is Prologue	493	(17)
References	495	(15)
H. pylori Pathogenesis
Timothy L. Cover
Douglas E. Berg
Martin J. Blaser
Harry L. T. Mobley
Introduction	510	(1)
Epidemiology	510	(2)
Gastric Histology and Physiology	512	(4)
Clinical Diseases Associated with H. pylori Infection	516	(3)
Microbiology	519	(2)
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of H. pylori	521	(3)
Initial Gastric Colonization	524	(5)
Gastric Inflammation	529	(2)
Interactions of H. pylori with the Gastric Epithelium	531	(1)
Vacuolating Cytotoxin	532	(4)
Persistence of H. pylori Infection	536	(3)
Factors Influencing Development of Clinically Evident Disease	539	(20)
References	542	(17)
Neisseria
Scott D. Gray-Owen
Christoph Dehio
Thomas Rudel
Michael Naumann
Thomas F. Meyer
Introduction	559	(7)
Natural Competence for Transformation	566	(1)
Surface Structures	567	(3)
Tissue Colonization	570	(16)
PorB 31	586	(4)
IgA 1 Protease	590	(2)
Iron Acquisition in Vivo	592	(2)
Immune Response	594	(5)
Summary	599	(21)
References	600	(20)
Bordetella
Peggy A. Cotter
Jeff F. Miller
Introduction	620	(1)
Respiratory Infections by Bordetella Species	621	(3)
Evolutionary Relationships among Bordetella Subspecies	624	(4)
Bordetella Virulence Factors	628	(11)
The Bordetella-Host Interaction	639	(3)
The BvgAS Sensory Transduction System	642	(4)
Phenotypic Modulation	646
Transcriptional Control of Bvg-Regulated Genes	640	(14)
The Role of Bvg-Mediated Signal Transduction in the Bordetella Life Cycle	654	(22)
References	658	(18)
Pathogenesis of Haemophilus influenzae Infections
Christoph M. Tang
Derek W. Hood
E. Richard Moxon
Introduction	676	(4)
Population Biology	680	(2)
Molecular Determinants of Pathogenicity	682	(17)
Pathogenesis	699	(6)
Conclusions	705	(12)
References	705	(12)
Pathogenic Mechanisms in Streptococcal Diseases
Michael Caparon
Introduction	717	(2)
Three Basic Mechanisms of Pathogenesis: Example of S. pyogenes	719	(2)
Steps Common to All Three Pathogenic Mechanisms	721	(7)
First Mechanism: Invasion and Multiplication in Tissue	728	(11)
Second Mechanism: Toxin-Mediated Disease	739	(3)
Third Mechanism: Immunopathological-Based Diseases	742	(1)
Concluding Remarks	743	(9)
References	743	(9)
Listeria monocytogenes
Hafida Fsihi
Pierre Steffen
Pascale Cossart
General Overview of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeriosis	752	(3)
Genetic Tools and Cell Biology Techniques to Study L. mono cytogenes Infection	755	(3)
Molecular Mechanisms for Entry and Spread of L. monocytogenes in Nonphagocytic Cells	758	(24)
Regulation of L. monocytogenes Virulence Gene Expression	782	(5)
Conclusion	787	(18)
References	787	(18)
Index	805