Principles of Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design New Tools for Industrial Chemical Reactor Operations

by Mann, Uzi

• ISBN13: 9780471261803
• ISBN10: 0471261807
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-04-13
• Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Summary

Principles of Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design presents a new fundamental approach and methodology that overcome the deficiencies of the current method of teaching chemical reactor design. It provides engineering students and practitioners with the tools needed to handle contemporary industrial reactor operations, new design capabilities, and the framework for new economic-based optimization. Features include: - Reactor operations are described by dimensionless variables (in most cases, between -1 and 1) and dimensionless design equations. - The design is formulated in terms of the smallest number of design equations and the least number of terms in each equation; hence, the most robust formulation. Solutions of the design equations provide dimensionless operating curves (a new concept in CRE). These curves provide complete information on the progress of the chemical reactions, the formation (or depletion) of all individual species, and changes in temperature. Reactor sizing represents a "point" on these curves (similar to the way a "point" on dimensionless friction factor versus Reynolds number charts is used). - Discusses new design capabilities for reactor configurations.

Author Biography

UZI MANN, PHD, is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at Texas Tech University. Dr. Mann is a recipient of the Lockheed Martin Teaching Award and the Halliburton Excellence in Research Award. He also teaches the ASME/AIChE short course "Principles and Practices of Chemical Reactor Design and Operations."

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Notation	p. xv
Overview of Chemical Reaction Engineering	p. 1
Classification of Chemical Reactions	p. 2
Classification of Chemical Reactors	p. 3
Phenomena and Concepts	p. 8
Stoichiometry	p. 8
Chemical Kinetics	p. 9
Transport Effects	p. 9
Global Rate Expression	p. 14
Species Balance Equation and Reactor Design Equation	p. 14
Energy Balance Equation	p. 15
Momentum Balance Equation	p. 15
Common Practices	p. 15
Experimental Reactors	p. 16
Selection of Reactor Configuration	p. 16
Selection of Operating Conditions	p. 18
Operational Considerations	p. 18
Scaleup	p. 19
Diagnostic Methods	p. 20
Industrial Reactors	p. 20
Summary	p. 21
References	p. 22
Stoichiometry	p. 25
Four Contexts of Chemical Reaction	p. 25
Chemical Formulas and Stoichiometric Coefficients	p. 26
Extent of a Chemical Reaction	p. 28
Independent and Dependent Chemical Reactions	p. 39
Characterization of the Reactor Feed	p. 47
Limiting Reactant	p. 48
Excess Reactant	p. 49
Characterization of Reactor Performance	p. 54
Reactant Conversion	p. 54
Product Yield and Selectivity	p. 58
Dimensionless Extents	p. 64
Independent Species Composition Specifications	p. 68
Summary	p. 72
Problems	p. 72
Bibliography	p. 79
Chemical Kinetics	p. 81
Species Formation Rates	p. 81
Rates of Chemical Reactions	p. 82
Rate Expressions of Chemical Reactions	p. 86
Effects of Transport Phenomena	p. 91
Characteristic Reaction Time	p. 91
Summary	p. 97
Problems	p. 97
Bibliography	p. 99
Species Balances and Design Equations	p. 101
Macroscopic Species Balances-General Species-Based Design Equations	p. 102
Species-Based Design Equations of Ideal Reactors	p. 104
Ideal Batch Reactor	p. 104
Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR)	p. 105
Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR)	p. 106
Reaction-Based Design Equations	p. 107
Ideal Batch Reactor	p. 107
Plug-Flow Reactor	p. 109
Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR)	p. 111
Formulation Procedure	p. 112
Dimensionless Design Equations and Operating Curves	p. 113
Summary	p. 125
Problems	p. 126
Bibliography	p. 129
Energy Balances	p. 131
Review of Thermodynamic Relations	p. 131
Heat of Reaction	p. 131
Effect of Temperature on Reaction Equilibrium Constant	p. 134
Energy Balances	p. 135
Batch Reactors	p. 136
Flow Reactors	p. 147
Summary	p. 156
Problems	p. 157
Bibliography	p. 158
Ideal Batch Reactor	p. 159
Design Equations and Auxiliary Relations	p. 160
Isothermal Operations with Single Reactions	p. 166
Constant-Volume Reactors	p. 167
Gaseous, Variable-Volume Batch Reactors	p. 181
Determination of the Reaction Rate Expression	p. 189
Isothermal Operations with Multiple Reactions	p. 198
Nonisothermal Operations	p. 216
Summary	p. 230
Problems	p. 231
Bibliography	p. 238
Plug-Flow Reactor	p. 239
Design Equations and Auxiliary Relations	p. 240
Isothermal Operations with Single Reactions	p. 245
Design	p. 246
Determination of Reaction Rate Expression	p. 261
Isothermal Operations with Multiple Reactions	p. 265
Nonisothermal Operations	p. 281
Effects of Pressure Drop	p. 296
Summary	p. 308
Problems	p. 309
Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor	p. 317
Design Equations and Auxiliary Relations	p. 318
Isothermal Operations with Single Reactions	p. 322
Design of a Single CSTR	p. 324
Determination of the Reaction Rate Expression	p. 333
Cascade of CSTRs Connected in Series	p. 336
Isothermal Operations with Multiple Reactions	p. 341
Nonisothermal Operations	p. 358
Summary	p. 370
Problems	p. 370
Other Reactor Configurations	p. 377
Semibatch Reactors	p. 377
Plug-Flow Reactor with Distributed Feed	p. 400
Distillation Reactor	p. 416
Recycle Reactor	p. 425
Summary	p. 435
Problems	p. 435
Economic-Based Optimization	p. 441
Economic-Based Performance Objective Functions	p. 442
Batch and Semibatch Reactors	p. 448
Flow Reactors	p. 450
Summary	p. 453
Problems	p. 453
Bibliography	p. 454
Summary of Key Relationships	p. 455
Microscopic Species Balances-Species Continuity Equations	p. 465
Summary of Numerical Differentiation and Integration	p. 469
Index	p. 471
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