Principles of Criminal Procedure

by Weaver, Russell L.; Abramson, Leslie W.; Burkoff, John M.; Hancock, Catherine

• ISBN13: 9780314190925
• ISBN10: 0314190929
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-04-30
• Publisher: West Group

Summary

Thomson West understands that, over time, teaching and learning methods change. Concise Hornbooks have been developed specifically to provide for the needs of today's law student. The series features concise analyses of basic areas of law by prominent legal scholars.

Author Biography

Russell L. Weaver, Professor of Law & Distinguished University Scholar, University of Louisville, Louis D. Brandeis School of Law Leslie W. Abramson, Professor of Law, University of Louisville, Louis D. Brandeis School of Law John M. Burkoff, Professor of Law, University of Pittsburgh, School of Law Catherine Hancock, Professor of Law, Tulane University, School of Law

Table of Contents

Introduction
Sources of Law That Create Legal Rights for Criminal Defendants and Regulate the Procedures of the Criminal Justice System	p. 2
Prosecution Systems	p. 4
Multiple Jurisdictions, Major and Minor Crimes	p. 4
The Gap Between Law and Practice	p. 5
The Roles of Prosecutors and Defense Counsel in Various Stages of a Criminal Prosecution	p. 6
The Pre-Arrest Investigation Stage	p. 6
The Arrest Stage	p. 7
The Booking and Jailing Stage	p. 8
The Post-Arrest Investigation Stage	p. 8
The Decision to Bring a Formal Charge by Filing a Complaint	p. 9
The Defendant's First Appearance in Court	p. 10
The Preliminary Hearing or Grand Jury Stage	p. 11
The Arraignment Stage	p. 12
The Pre-Trial Motions Stage	p. 13
The Trial Stage	p. 14
The Sentencing Stage	p. 14
The Appeal Stage	p. 15
The Post-Appeal Stage of "Post-Conviction" Remedies	p. 15
Incorporation & Retroactivity
Incorporation	p. 18
Fundamental Rights	p. 19
Total Incorporation & Total Incorporation Plus	p. 20
Selective Incorporation	p. 21
"Bag and Baggage"	p. 23
Retroactivity	p. 25
Case-by-Case Analysis	p. 25
Cases Pending & Not Yet Final	p. 27
Rejection of the "Clear Break" Exception	p. 28
"New Rules"	p. 29
Collateral Review	p. 30
Forbidden Punishment Exception	p. 30
Watershed Rules of Criminal Procedure Exception	p. 30
The Retroactivity Inquiry Process	p. 31
Right to Counsel
Scope of the Constitutional Right	p. 33
Appointed Counsel for Indigents	p. 33
Source of the Constitutional Right	p. 33
The Meaning & Consequences of "Indigency"	p. 34
Choice of Appointed Counsel	p. 34
When the Right Attaches	p. 35
"Day in Jail" Rule	p. 35
Retained Counsel	p. 36
Waiver of the Right to Counsel	p. 36
Knowing & Intelligent Waivers	p. 36
Representing Oneself	p. 38
Right to Proceed Pro Se	p. 38
Standby Counsel	p. 39
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel	p. 40
Extrinsic Ineffectiveness	p. 41
Actual Ineffectiveness	p. 43
The Performance Prong	p. 46
The Prejudice Prong	p. 51
Ineffective Assistance Analysis in Federal Habeas Corpus Proceedings	p. 54
When Ineffective Assistance Claims Can Be Brought	p. 56
Conflicts of Interest	p. 56
Constitutional Right	p. 56
Conflicts Raised Prior to or During Trial	p. 57
Conflicts Raised After Trial	p. 59
Waiver	p. 60
The Griffin-Douglas Doctrine	p. 60
Search and Seizure
Search Warrants	p. 64
The Significance of Using a Search Warrant	p. 64
Warrant History	p. 64
The "Warrant Preference"	p. 65
The "Warrant Requirement"	p. 66
Probable Cause	p. 67
Constitutional Requirement	p. 67
Probable Cause Test	p. 67
Informant Information & Probable Cause	p. 68
Informer's Privilege	p. 69
Staleness	p. 69
Anticipatory Warrants	p. 70
Obtaining Warrants	p. 71
Affidavits	p. 71
Challenging Affidavits	p. 71
Review of Probable-Cause Determinations	p. 72
Issuing Magistrates	p. 72
The Particularity Requirement	p. 73
Constitutional Requirement	p. 73
Particularity & Search Premises	p. 74
Particularity & Things to Be Seized	p. 75
Minor or Partial Errors Irrelevant	p. 75
"All Persons" Warrants	p. 76
Execution of Search Warrants	p. 77
Who May Execute?	p. 77
Time Limits	p. 77
Nighttime Searches	p. 78
Knock-and-Announce Doctrine	p. 78
Post-Execution Requirements	p. 82
Seizures Pursuant to Warrant	p. 82
What Can Be Seized?	p. 82
Where Can Seizures Be Made?	p. 83
Intensity of Search	p. 84
Property Damage or Destruction	p. 84
Duration of Search	p. 85
Persons & Their Property on or Near Search Premises	p. 85
Protected Fourth Amendment Interests	p. 87
Warrantless Searches and Seizures	p. 94
Plain View Exception	p. 95
Search Incident to Legal Arrest	p. 97
Booking Searches	p. 103
Automobile Exception	p. 105
Inventory Exception	p. 109
Consent	p. 112
Administrative Inspections	p. 120
Stop and Frisk	p. 126
Other Investigatory Searches and Seizures	p. 131
Investigatory Seizures of Property	p. 158
Exigent Circumstances	p. 161
Police Interrogations & Confessions
Pre-Miranda Doctrines	p. 176
Pre-Miranda Due Process	p. 177
The McNabb-Mallory Rule	p. 181
The Pre-Miranda Sixth Amendment Massiah Right to Counsel	p. 183
The Fifth Amendment and Miranda	p. 186
Miranda's Application	p. 190
Miranda Custody	p. 190
Miranda Interrogation	p. 194
Adequate Miranda Warnings	p. 199
Incomplete or Misleading Warnings	p. 199
Ineffective "Midstream" Warnings	p. 203
Waiver of Miranda Rights	p. 204
Invocation of Miranda Rights	p. 209
Uses of Miranda-Defective Evidence	p. 216
When Defective Evidence Leads Police to Other Evidence	p. 216
Impeachment Based on Defective Statements or Silence During Interrogation	p. 217
Post-Miranda Sixth Amendment Massiah Right to Counsel	p. 218
Massiah Reliance on Counsel and Waiver	p. 219
Massiah Deliberate Elicitation	p. 222
Massiah Warnings and Waivers	p. 225
Massiah Invocations	p. 227
Post-Miranda Due Process	p. 231
Entrapment
The Entrapment Defense	p. 236
Subjective Test v. Objective Test	p. 237
The Modern Subjective Test	p. 238
Due Process and "Outrageous Government Conduct"	p. 239
Identification Procedures
Constitutional Issues With Lineups and Other Identification Processes	p. 242
The Sixth Amendment	p. 244
Due Process Considerations	p. 248
Exclusionary Rule
Suppression of Evidence as an Exclusionary Remedy	p. 252
Constitutional Origins	p. 252
State and Statutory Exclusionary Rules	p. 254
Alternatives to the Exclusionary Rule	p. 254
Public Opinion	p. 255
Criminal Prosecution	p. 256
Disciplinary Proceedings and Review Boards	p. 256
Civil Actions	p. 257
Special Forums	p. 258
Limits on the Exclusionary Rule's Application	p. 259
Private Actors	p. 259
Unconstitutional vs. Illegal Actions	p. 259
Non-Criminal Proceedings: Incremental Deterrence	p. 260
Forfeiture Proceedings	p. 260
Grand Juries	p. 261
Civil Proceedings	p. 261
Different Sovereigns	p. 261
Federal Habeas Corpus	p. 262
Deportation Proceedings	p. 263
Suppression of the Defendant	p. 263
Violations of International Agreements	p. 263
Good-Faith Exception	p. 264
"Knock and Announce" Violations	p. 268
Standing	p. 269
Constitutional Limitation	p. 269
Reasonable Expectation of Privacy	p. 270
Target Standing	p. 271
Automatic Standing	p. 271
Derivative Evidence: The "Fruits" Doctrine	p. 271
Constitutional Test	p. 272
Independent Source	p. 273
Inevitable Discovery	p. 274
Attenuation	p. 275
Harmless Error	p. 277
Non-Constitutional Errors	p. 277
Constitutional Trial Errors	p. 277
Constitutional Structural Defects	p. 279
Federal Habeas Corpus Proceedings	p. 280
Pretrial Release
Introduction	p. 281
Types of Release	p. 283
Bail Statutes	p. 286
Pretrial Detention	p. 288
Prosecutorial Discretion
Generally	p. 291
Selective Prosecution	p. 292
Vindictive Prosecution	p. 293
Preliminary Proceedings
Initial Appearance	p. 294
Gerstein Hearing	p. 295
Preliminary Hearing	p. 296
Functions of the Preliminary Hearing	p. 297
Screening	p. 297
Pretrial Discovery	p. 298
Future Impeachment	p. 298
Perpetuation of Testimony	p. 299
Pretrial Release	p. 299
Plea Bargaining	p. 299
Procedural Issues at the Preliminary Hearing	p. 299
Timing of Preliminary Hearing	p. 299
Waiver of Preliminary Hearing	p. 300
Dispositions Following Preliminary Hearing	p. 301
Grand Juries
Introduction	p. 303
Selection of the Grand Jury	p. 304
Scope of Grand Jury Investigation	p. 305
Grand Jury Secrecy	p. 306
The Grand Jury as a Shield	p. 307
Sufficiency of the Evidence	p. 307
Misconduct Challenges	p. 308
The Grand Jury as a Sword	p. 309
The Subpoena Duces Tecum	p. 311
The Reasonableness Requirement	p. 311
Self-Incrimination by Compliance With Subpoena Duces Tecum	p. 312
The Collective Entity Rule	p. 314
Charging Instrument
Functions of Pleadings in Criminal Cases	p. 316
Indictment v. Information	p. 316
Notice of the Charge	p. 317
Defects on the Face of the Charging Instrument	p. 317
Jurisdictional Defects	p. 320
Jurisdiction of the Sovereign Over the Offense	p. 320
Jurisdiction of the Sovereign Over the Situs of the Offense	p. 320
Jurisdiction Over the Person	p. 321
Waiver of Jurisdiction	p. 321
Venue	p. 321
Jurisdiction and Vicinage Compared	p. 321
Multi-Venue Problems	p. 322
Proof of Venue	p. 322
Amended Pleadings	p. 322
Variances Between Proof and Charge	p. 323
Joinder and Severance
Joinder and Severance of Offenses	p. 325
Joinder and Severance of Offenses Under the Rules of Criminal Procedure	p. 325
Double Jeopardy Implications for the Joinder of Offenses	p. 326
Collateral Estoppel Implications for Joinder of Offenses	p. 329
Joinder and Severance of Defendants	p. 331
Joinder of Defendants Under the Rules	p. 331
Constitutional Implications for the Joinder of Defendants	p. 334
Speedy Trial
Delay in Bringing the Charge	p. 336
Delay in Bringing Defendant to Trial	p. 337
Statutory Prompt Disposition Provisions	p. 340
Discovery and Disclosure
Constitutional Discovery	p. 345
Discovery Under Rules and Statutes	p. 347
Discovery by the Prosecution	p. 350
Regulation of Discovery	p. 352
Guilty Pleas
Plea Alternatives	p. 354
Plea Negotiation	p. 356
Legality and Enforcement of Plea Agreements	p. 360
The Judge's Role in Plea Bargaining and Considering Plea Agreements	p. 361
Withdrawing a Guilty Plea	p. 365
Jury Trials
Right to Jury Trial	p. 368
Aspects of the Jury Trial Right	p. 371
Selecting Prospective Jurors	p. 373
The Fair Cross-Section Requirement	p. 374
Jury Selection Process	p. 375
Exercising Peremptory Challenges	p. 377
Freedom of the Press and Fair Trials
Failing to Control the Press	p. 379
Pretrial Publicity and Defendant's Right to a Fair Trial	p. 381
Change of Venue	p. 381
Due Process and Pretrial Publicity	p. 382
Gagging the Press	p. 385
Press Access to Judicial Proceedings	p. 386
Broadcasting Legal Proceedings	p. 388
Confrontation and Compulsory Process Rights
Identification Procedures	p. 390
Preliminary Hearing	p. 390
Confrontation Rights at Trial	p. 391
Confronting and Cross-Examining Adverse Witnesses	p. 391
Right to Be Present During Criminal Proceedings	p. 391
Out-of-Court Hearsay Statements	p. 392
Joint Trials and the Confrontation Clause	p. 393
Compulsory Process	p. 394
Sentencing
Noncapital Sentencing Alternatives	p. 395
Death as a Punishment	p. 398
The Problem of Fairness	p. 398
The Typical Capital Case	p. 399
Proportionality of Punishment	p. 403
Sentencing Procedures	p. 407
Double Jeopardy
Mistrials and the Possibility of a Retrial	p. 413
Termination of the Case by Dismissal or Acquittal	p. 416
Termination of the Case by Conviction	p. 417
Double Jeopardy Regarding Punishment	p. 418
Appeals
Review by the Trial Court	p. 421
Direct Appeal in the State Courts	p. 422
Harmless Error and Plain Error	p. 423
The Right to Appeal	p. 424
Appeals of Last Resort	p. 425
Collateral Remedies
Introduction	p. 426
Time Considerations	p. 427
Exhaustion of State Remedies	p. 428
Custody	p. 429
Evidentiary Hearings	p. 430
Violations of Federal Law	p. 431
Abuse of the Writ and Procedural Default	p. 434
Successive Petitions as an Abuse of the Writ	p. 434
Procedural Default	p. 434
Claims of Actual Innocence as "Gateways" to Federal Habeas Corpus Review	p. 436
Table of Cases	p. 439
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