Principles of Embedded Networked Systems Design

by Gregory J. Pottie , William J. Kaiser

• ISBN13: 9780521840125
• ISBN10: 0521840120
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-10-31
• Publisher: Ingram Pub Services

Summary

Embedded network systems (ENS) provide a set of technologies that can link the physical world to large-scale networks in applications such as monitoring of borders, infrastructure, health, the environment, automated production, supply chains, homes and places of business. This book details the fundamentals for this interdisciplinary and fast-moving field. The book begins with mathematical foundations and the relevant background topics in signal propagation, sensors, detection and estimation theory, and communications. Key component technologies in ENS are discussed: synchronization and position localization, energy and data management, actuation, and node architecture. Ethical, legal and social implications are addressed. The final chapter summarizes some of the lessons learned in producing multiple ENS generations. A focus on fundamental principles together with extensive examples and problem sets make this text ideal for use on graduate courses in electrical engineering and computer science. It will also appeal to engineers involved in the design of ENS.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Acknowledgments	xv
List of Abbreviations	xvi
Embedded network systems	1	(11)
Introduction	1	(2)
ENS design heuristics	3	(1)
Remote monitoring	4	(3)
RFID	7	(1)
Enacted spaces	8	(1)
Historical context	9	(1)
Further reading	10	(2)
Representation of signals	12	(24)
Probability	12	(5)
Stochastic processes	17	(7)
Introduction to information theory	24	(6)
Summary	30	(1)
Further reading	30	(1)
Problems	31	(5)
Signal propagation	36	(25)
Basic wave propagation phenomena	36	(8)
Radio signals	44	(6)
Optical signals	50	(2)
Acoustic and seismic signals	52	(4)
Biochemical signals	56	(1)
Summary	57	(1)
Further reading	57	(1)
Problems	58	(3)
Sensor principles	61	(48)
Sensor system ideal architecture	61	(2)
Sensor system non-ideal operation	63	(1)
Sensor system standard figures of merit	64	(8)
Environmental sensors	72	(5)
Motion and force sensors	77	(11)
Transducers for electromagnetic phenomena	88	(5)
Chemical and biochemical sensors	93	(3)
Electronic noise sources and noise reduction in sensor systems	96	(4)
Reducing sensor system errors by feedback control methods	100	(3)
Actuators for microsensor systems	103	(1)
Calibration	104	(1)
Summary	105	(1)
Further reading	106	(1)
Problems	107	(2)
Source detection and identification	109	(43)
Introduction to detection and estimation theory	109	(2)
Detection of signals in additive noise	111	(16)
Estimation of signals in additive noise	127	(12)
Hierarchical detection and identification systems	139	(7)
Summary	146	(1)
Further reading	147	(1)
Problems	148	(4)
Digital communications	152	(43)
Characterization of communication signals	152	(3)
Communication over the Gaussian channel	155	(7)
Synchronization	162	(3)
Communication over dispersive channels	165	(11)
Communication over dynamic channels	176	(10)
Summary	186	(1)
Further reading	187	(1)
Problems	187	(8)
Multiple source estimation and multiple access communications	195	(34)
Interference models	195	(3)
Source separation	198	(3)
Basic multiple access techniques	201	(6)
Multiple access in interference	207	(11)
Heterogeneous networks	218	(1)
Summary	219	(1)
Further reading	220	(2)
Problems	222	(7)
Networking	229	(45)
Network topology	229	(2)
Network self-organization	231	(4)
Routing	235	(7)
Latency and congestion	242	(4)
Interaction of signal processing and networking in sensor networks	246	(6)
Network information theory	252	(13)
Summary	265	(1)
Further reading	266	(2)
Problems	268	(6)
Network position and synchronization services	274	(35)
Principles of location	274	(9)
Network synchronism	283	(8)
Network location	291	(7)
Error sources in network synchronization and location	298	(5)
Summary	303	(1)
Further reading	304	(1)
Problems	305	(4)
Energy management	309	(22)
Energy sources	309	(2)
Energy consumption of sensors, circuits, and communications	311	(6)
Energy optimization	317	(8)
Summary	325	(1)
Further reading	326	(1)
Problems	327	(4)
Data management	331	(37)
Database design principles	331	(9)
Data flow in sensor networks	340	(12)
Higher-level reasoning	352	(9)
Summary	361	(1)
Further reading	361	(2)
Problems	363	(5)
Articulation, mobility, and infrastructure	368	(26)
Articulation	368	(9)
Interaction of mobile and static nodes	377	(7)
Infrastructure-assisted mobility	384	(5)
Summary	389	(1)
Further reading	390	(1)
Problems	391	(3)
Node architecture	394	(45)
Introduction to computing platform architecture	395	(13)
ENS node design principles	408	(19)
Selected sensor node designs	427	(8)
Summary	435	(1)
Further reading	435	(2)
Problems	437	(2)
Network data integrity	439	(24)
Encryption	440	(5)
Data reliability in sensor networks	445	(8)
Compression and data compartmentalization	453	(2)
Authenticated service delivery	455	(2)
Summary	457	(1)
Further reading	457	(2)
Problems	459	(4)
Experimental systems design	463	(12)
Deciding on priorities	463	(1)
Design iteration	464	(2)
Simulations, tools, and testing	466	(5)
Project branching	471	(2)
Users in the design team	473	(1)
Summary	474	(1)
Further reading	474	(1)
Ethical, legal, and social implications of ENS	475	(19)
Technology and society	475	(5)
Regulation of information technology	480	(5)
ENS: information technology regulating the physical world	485	(7)
Summary	492	(1)
Further reading	492	(2)
Design principles for ENS	494	(5)
The physical world may not be abstracted away	494	(1)
Play the probability game	495	(1)
Hierarchy is usually unavoidable	495	(1)
Innovate only as much as necessary	496	(1)
Scale matters	497	(1)
Teamwork	498	(1)
Appendix A: Gaussian Q function	499	(2)
Appendix B: Optimization	501	(9)
B.1 Basic tools of numerical analysis	501	(4)
B.2 Convex optimizations	505	(2)
B.3 Non-convex optimizations	507	(1)
B.4 Further reading	508	(2)
Index	510