Principles of Evidence

by Younger, Irving; Goldsmith, Michael; Sonenshein, David A.

• ISBN13: 9780870847332
• ISBN10: 0870847333
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1997-04-01
• Publisher: Anderson Pub Co

Table of Contents

Preface	xi	(1)
Acknowledgments	xii	(5)
Table of Contents	xvii	(16)
Table of Cases	xxxiii	(12)
Table of the Federal Rules of Evidence	xlv	(2)
Table of Articles	xlvii	(2)
Table of Books and Treatises	xlix	(2)
Table of Evidentiary Foundations	li	(2)
Table of Miscellaneous Authorities	liii
I. Introduction	1	(4)
II. Preliminary Matters	5	(78)
A. Alternatives to Formal Proof	5	(23)
1. Judicial Notice	5	(21)
a. Introduction	5	(1)
b. Adjudicative Facts	6	(11)
c. Law	17	(2)
d. Legislative Facts	19	(7)
2. Other Options	26	(2)
B. Types of Formal Proof	28	(4)
1. Real Evidence	28	(1)
2. Demonstrative Evidence	29	(2)
3. Testimonial Evidence	31	(1)
C. Basic Conditions of Admissibility	32	(45)
1. Introduction	32	(2)
2. Relevance and Materiality	34	(6)
3. Competence	40	(1)
4. Legal Relevance	41	(14)
5. Evidentiary Foundations	55	(22)
D. Preliminary Questions of Fact: The Role of Judge and Jury	77	(6)
III. The Examination of Witnesses	83	(268)
A. Testimonial Competence	83	(41)
1. Introduction	83	(3)
2. Incompetence by Reason of Status: Traditional Limitations	86	(23)
a. Spousal Incompetence	86	(3)
b. Dead Man's Statutes	89	(9)
c. Infamous Crimes	98	(1)
d. Jurors	99	(10)
3. The Elements of Modern Competence	109	(15)
B. The Presentation of Proof: Basic Limitations	124	(109)
1. Introduction	124	(2)
2. The Rule Against Leading Questions	126	(4)
3. Assisting the Forgetful Witness	130	(15)
4. The Rule Against Hearsay	145	(1)
5. The Best Evidence Rule	146	(20)
6. Rules Limiting Opinion Testimony	166	(67)
a. The Non-Opinion Rule	166	(2)
b. The Lay Witness Exception	168	(24)
c. The Expert Witness Exception to the Non-Opinion Rule	192	(41)
C. Impeachment, Cross-Examination, and Related Problems	233	(118)
1. Impeachment by Cross-Examination	233	(2)
2. Impeaching Your Own Witness: The Vouching Rule	235	(6)
3. The Scope of Cross-Examination	241	(4)
4. Impeachment Modes	245	(94)
a. Pursuing the Competence Factors	245	(8)
b. Pursuing the Credibility Factors	253	(86)
1) Bias, Interest, Prejudice, and Corruption	253	(8)
2) Prior Crimes	261	(30)
3) Prior Bad Acts	291	(19)
4) Prior Inconsistent Statements	310	(10)
5) The Character Witness for Veracity	320	(9)
6) Special Procedures for Experts	329	(10)
5. Rehabilitation after Impeachment	339	(12)
IV. Relevancy Refined	351	(92)
A. Mathematical Proof	351	(13)
B. Substantive Character Evidence	364	(52)
1. A Critical Distinction	364	(1)
2. Types of Substantive Character Evidence	365	(1)
3. Character Evidence In A Civil Context	366	(3)
4. Character Evidence In A Criminal Context	369	(22)
5. Special Rules For Other Crimes	391	(25)
C. Other Examples of Legal Relevance	416	(27)
1. Habit and Custom	416	(5)
2. Subsequent Remedial Measures	421	(6)
3. Compromise Offers and Settlements	427	(6)
4. Liability Insurance	433	(10)
V. The Hearsay Rules	443	(324)
A. The Rule Against Hearsay	443	(1)
B. Rationale for the Rule	444	(7)
C. Defining Hearsay - Basic Concepts	451	(10)
D. The Application of Basic Concepts	461	(16)
E. Evasive Analysis	477	(10)
F. Conduct and Implied Statements	487	(17)
G. Defining the Hearsay Declarant	504	(8)
H. Exceptions to the Rule Against Hearsay	512	(46)
1. Introduction	512	(3)
2. Admissions	515	(43)
a. Rationale	515	(9)
b. Adoptive Admissions	524	(7)
c. Vicarious Admissions	531	(10)
d. Co-conspirator Declarations	541	(17)
I. Exceptions to the Rule Against Hearsay	558	(176)
1. Exceptions Requiring Declarant Unavailability	558	(49)
a. Introduction: The Concept of Unavailability	558	(3)
b. Declarations Against Interest	561	(23)
c. Former Testimony	584	(13)
d. Dying Declarations	597	(10)
2. Exceptions Not Requiring Declarant Unavailability	607	(93)
a. Business Records	607	(26)
b. Public Records	633	(20)
c. Excited Utterances and Present Sense Impressions	653	(11)
d. Declarations of Physical Condition	664	(9)
e. Declarations of State of Mind	673	(27)
3. The Residual Exception--Flexibility for the Future	700	(34)
I. Hearsay and Constitutional Confrontation Rights	734	(33)
VI. Privileges	767	(108)
A. Introduction	767	(9)
1. The Basis for Privileges	767	(1)
2. The Federal Perspective	768	(8)
B. The Executive Privileges	776	(25)
C. The Attorney-Client Privilege	801	(30)
D. The Privilege for Marital Communications	831	(13)
E. The Physician-Patient Privilege	844	(9)
F. The Priest-Penitent Privilege	853	(5)
G. The Newsman's Privilege	858	(10)
H. Other Potential Privileges	868	(7)
VII. Burdens and Presumptions	875	(40)
VII. Conclusion	915