Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis, SI Version

by Fred L. Mannering

• ISBN13: 9780471635321
• ISBN10: 0471635324
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2012-12-01
• Publisher: Wiley Global Education US

Summary

With the ongoing development of new highway projects throughout the country, the demand for highway engineers is rapidly increasing. This transportation engineering text will help interested engineers solve the highway-related problems that are most likely to be encountered in the field. It not only covers the key principles but also prepares you for the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) and/or Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) exams in civil engineering. Topics include road vehicle performance, the geometric alignment of highways, pavement design, traffic analysis, queuing theory, signalized intersections, the assessment of level of service, and traffic forecasting. This text: Is a focused and concise text that is ideal for understanding transportation and highway engineering. Includes the latest specifications for highway design and traffic engineering released as of 2003. Presents design standards in both metric and U.S. customary units, preparing you for possible future unit changes. Offers insight into the performance aspect of vehicles, detailing the impact of changing vehicle technologies. Uses state-of-the-art methods when discussing travel demand and traffic forecasting. Integrates real-world examples throughout the chapters to show how the material is applied on the job.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis

Introduction

Technology

Infrastructure Technologies

Vehicle Technologies

Traffic Control Technologies

Human Behavior

Dominance of Single-Occupant Private Vehicles

Demographic Trends

Scope of Study

Road Vehicle Performance

Introduction

Tractive Effort and Resistance

Aerodynamic Resistance

Rolling Resistance

Grade Resistance

Available Tractive Effort

Maximum Tractive Effort

Engine-Generated Tractive Effort

Vehicle Acceleration

Fuel Efficiency

Principles of Braking

Braking Forces 26

Braking Force Ratio and Efficiency

Antilock Braking Systems

Theoretical Stopping Distance

Practical Stopping Distance

Distance Traveled during Driver Perception/Reaction

Geometric Design of Highways

Introduction

Principles of Highway Alignment

Vertical Alignment

Vertical Curve Fundamentals

Stopping Sight Distance

Stopping Sight Distance and Crest Vertical Curve Design

Stopping Sight Distance and Sag Vertical Curve Design

Passing Sight Distance and Crest Vertical Curve Design

Underpass Sight Distance and Sag Vertical Curve Design

Horizontal Alignment

Vehicle Cornering

Horizontal Curve Fundamentals

Stopping Sight Distance and Horizontal Curve Design

Pavement Design

Introduction

Pavement Types

Flexible Pavements

Rigid Pavements

Pavement System Design: Principles for Flexible Pavements

Calculation of Flexible Pavement Stresses and Deflections

The AASHTO Flexible-Pavement Design Procedure

Serviceability Concept

Flexible-Pavement Design Equation

Structural Number

Pavement System Design: Principles for Rigid Pavements.Z

Calculation of Rigid-Pavement Stresses and Deflections

The AASHTO Rigid-Pavement Design Procedure

Fundamentals of Traffic Flow and Queuing Theory

Introduction

Traffic Stream Parameters

Traffic Flow, Speed, and Density

Basic Traffic Stream Models

Speed-Density Model

Flow-Density Model

Speed-Flow Model

Models Of Traffic Flow

Poisson Model

Limitations of the Poisson Model

Queuing Theory and Traffic Flow Analysis

Dimensions of Queuing Models

D/D/1 Queuing

M/D/1 Queuing

M/M/1 Queuing

M/M/N Queuing

Traffic Analysis at Highway Bottlenecks

Highway Capacity and Level of Service Analysis

Introduction

Level-of-Service Concept

Level-of-Service Determination

Base Conditions and Capacity

Determine Free-Flow Speed

Determine Analysis Flow Rate

Calculate Service Measure(s) and Determine LOS

Basic Freeway Segments

Base Conditions and Capacity

Service Measure

Determining Free-Flow Speed

Determining Analysis Flow Rate

Calculating Density and Determining LOS

Multilane Highways

Base Conditions and Capacity

Service Measure

Determining Free-Flow Speed

Determining Analysis Flow Rate

Calculating Density and Determining LOS

Two-Lane Highways

Base Conditions and Capacity

Service Measures

Determining Free-Flow Speed

Determining Analysis Flow Rate

Calculate Service Measures

Determine LOS

Design Traffic Volumes

Traffic Control and Analysis at Signalized Intersections.

Introduction

Intersection and Signal Control Characteristics

Analysis of Traffic at Signalized Intersections

Concepts and Definitions

Signalized Intersection Analysis with D/D/1 Queuing

Signalized Intersection Analysis for Level of Service

Optimal Traffic Signal Timing

Development of a Traffic Signal Phasing and Timing Plan

Select Signal Phasing

Establish Analysis Lane Groups

Calculate Analysis Flow Rates and Adjusted Saturation Flow Rates

Determine Critical Lane Groups and Total Cycle Lost Time

Calculate Cycle Length

Allocate Green Time

Calculate Change and Clearance Intervals

Check Pedestrian Crossing Time

Level-of-Service Determination

Travel Demand and Traffic Forecasting

Introduction

Traveler Decisions

Scope of the Travel Demand and Traffic Forecasting Problem

Trip Generation

Typical Trip Generation Models

Trip Generation with Count Data Models

Mode and Destination Choice

Methodological Approach

Logit Model Applications

Highway Route Choice

Highway Performance Functions

User Equilibrium

Mathematical Programming Approach to User Equilibrium

System Optimization

The State of Travel Demand and to Traffic Forecasting in Practice

Least Squares Estimation

Maximum-Likelihood Estimation

Metric Example Problems

Metric End-of-Chapter Problems

Unit Conversions

Index

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