Principles of Pharmacology for Respiratory Care

by Bills, Georgine W.; Soderberg, Robert C.

• ISBN13: 9780827382992
• ISBN10: 0827382995
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-01-01
• Publisher: Delmar Pub

Summary

This updated edition combines a thorough overview of general pharmacologic principles with specific usages and dosages for drugs used in the clinical practice of respiratory care. The book is formatted toward the user who is trying to master the complexities of pharmacology as well as the demands of patient education and the consultative role of the respiratory care practitioner. General pharmacology content includes routes of administration and drug actions in the central and autonomic nervous systems with chapters organized by diseases or organ systems being treated. The respiratory care pharmacology content includes practical information relating to clinical decisions and drug selection for all respiratory care situations, with chapter organization by drug category or action. Experienced practitioners will find this a comprehensive reference text with an extensive current bibliography and also appropriate for selected instruction of other allied health and nursing personnel.(RT, RC, Resp. Care, Respiratory therapy, RTT, A & P, Anatomy, Physiology)ALSO AVAILABLE -INSTRUCTOR SUPPLEMENTS CALL CUSTOMER SUPPORT TO ORDERInstructor's Guide ISBN: 0-8273-8300-2

Table of Contents

PREFACE	xi	(2)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	xiii	(2)
LIST OF FIGURES	xv
PART I GENERAL PHARMACOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES	3	(182)
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PHARMACOLOGICAL CONCEPTS	3	(19)
Introduction	3	(1)
Pharmacology	4	(1)
Sources of Drug Information	4	(1)
Terminology	5	(3)
Essential General Principles of Pharmacology	8	(7)
Factors That Alter Drug Effects	15	(2)
Abuse of Prescription Drugs	17	(5)
CHAPTER 2 PHARMACOLOGY OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM	22	(24)
Introduction	23	(1)
Function and Anatomy of the ANS	23	(1)
Neurotransmitters	24	(2)
Sites of Action, Neurotransmitters, and Receptors of the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems	26	(1)
General Physiological Functions Controlled by the ANS	26	(1)
Overall Effect of the Sympathetic Division and Definition of Adrenergic	27	(1)
The Sympathetic Nerve Ending	28	(1)
Sites of Action of Adrenergic Drugs	29	(1)
Definitions of the Adrenergic Drugs	30	(1)
ALPHA- Adrenergic Drugs	30	(1)
BETA-Adrenergic Drugs	31	(2)
ALPHA-Blocking Drugs	33	(1)
BETA-Blocking Drugs	34	(1)
Adrenergic Neuronal Activators and Blockers	35	(1)
Overall Effects of the Parasympathetic Division and Definition of Cholinergic	36	(1)
The Parasympathetic Nerve Ending	36	(1)
Mechanism of Action of Cholinergic Drugs	37	(1)
Definitions of Cholinergic Drugs	38	(1)
Choline Esters	39	(1)
Anticholinesterase Drugs	40	(1)
Anticholinergic Drugs	41	(5)
CHAPTER 3 PHARMACOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM	46	(38)
Introduction	48	(1)
General Anatomy of the CNS	48	(2)
Effects of Drugs on the CNS	50	(1)
General Characteristics of CNS Drugs	50	(3)
Sedative Hypnotics and Anti-anxiety Drugs	53	(1)
Barbiturates	53	(1)
Nonbarbiturate Sedative Hypnotics	54	(1)
Benzodiazepines	54	(2)
Alcohol (Ethanol)	56	(1)
Psychopharmacology and Treatment of Mental Disorders	56	(6)
Epilepsy	62	(3)
Parkinsonism	65	(2)
General Anesthetics	67	(4)
Narcotic Analgesics	71	(4)
Non-narcotic Analgesics	75	(9)
CHAPTER 4 SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS	84	(6)
Introduction	84	(1)
Peripheral-acting Muscle Relaxants	85	(2)
CNS Muscle Relaxants	87	(3)
CHAPTER 5 CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL PHARMACOLOGY	90	(30)
Introduction	91	(1)
Conduction System of the Heart	91	(2)
Heart Disease	93	(1)
Cardiac Glycosides and CHF	94	(2)
Definition and Types of Arrhythmias	96	(3)
Overall Effect of Anti-anginal Drugs and Effects of Nitrates and Nitrites	99	(2)
Hypertension	101	(8)
Coagulation Process	109	(4)
Effects of High Lipids in Blood	113	(7)
CHAPTER 6 PHARMACOLOGY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT	120	(14)
Introduction	120	(1)
Role of Hydrochloric Acid and Pepsin in Digestion	121	(1)
Ulcer Disease	121	(1)
Drugs Used in Treatment of Ulcers	122	(3)
Overall Bowel Function	125	(1)
Causes and Treatment of Diarrhea	126	(2)
Constipation and Its Treatment	128	(1)
Laxatives and Cathartics	129	(5)
CHAPTER 7 PHARMACOLOGY OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM	134	(22)
Introduction	135	(1)
Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus	136	(1)
Control of Hormone Release	137	(1)
Corticosteroids and Overall Effects	138	(3)
Overall Function of the Thyroid Gland	141	(2)
Structure and Function of the Parathyroid Gland	143	(2)
Overall Function of the Pancreas	145	(1)
Diabetes Mellitus	145	(3)
Antigen-Antibody Reactions	148	(8)
CHAPTER 8 ANTIMICROBIAL PHARMACOLOGY	156	(20)
Introduction	156	(1)
Antimicrobial Agents and Definitions	157	(1)
Principles in the Wise Use of Antibiotics	157	(2)
Causes of Failure in Antibacterial Therapy	159	(1)
Categories of Antibiotic Drugs	160	(1)
Beta-lactam Antibiotics	160	(4)
Miscellaneous Antibiotics	164	(3)
Broad-spectrum Antibiotics	167	(1)
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Tuberculosis	168	(1)
Sulfonamides and Related Drugs	169	(1)
Antifungal Drugs	170	(1)
Antiviral Agents	171	(5)
CHAPTER 9 PHARMACOLOGY OF CHEMOTHERAPY	176	(9)
Introduction	176	(1)
Cancer Cells and Definitions	177	(1)
Treatment of Cancer	177	(1)
Chemotherapy	178	(7)
PART II RESPIRATORY CARE PHARMACOLOGY	185	(162)
CHAPTER 10 ADMINSTRATION OF AEROSOLIZED AND INSTILLED MEDICATIONS/DOSAGE CALCULATIONS AND PROBLEM SOLVING	185	(24)
Introduction	186	(1)
Aerosolized Medications	186	(8)
Instilled Medications	194	(1)
Dosage Calculations and Problem Solving	195	(14)
CHAPTER 11 BRONCHODILATOR THERAPY	209	(34)
Introduction	209	(1)
Bronchoconstriction	210	(1)
Methods of Bronchodilation	210	(1)
Sympathomimetic Bronchodilators	211	(3)
Sympathomimetic and Anticholinergic Bronchodilator Drugs	214	(12)
Xanthines	226	(4)
Furosemide	230	(13)
CHAPTER 12 WETTING AGENTS AND MUCOLYTICS	243	(17)
Introduction	243	(1)
Bland Aerosols	244	(1)
Mucolytics	245	(6)
Expectorants and Bronchorrheic Agents	251	(9)
CHAPTER 13 AEROSOL ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY	260	(18)
Introduction	260	(1)
Indications for Aerosolized Antimicrobial Drugs	261	(1)
Disadvantages and Limitations of Aerosolized Antimicrobials	261	(2)
Pulmonary Infectious Processes	263	(1)
Categories of Antimicrobial Drugs Administered by Aerosol	263	(1)
Antibacterial (Antibiotic) Drugs	263	(4)
Antifungal Drugs	267	(2)
Antiviral Drugs	269	(1)
Antiprotozoal Drugs	270	(1)
General Conclusions and Considerations Regarding Aerosolized Antimicrobials	271	(7)
CHAPTER 14 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-ASTHMATIC DRUGS	278	(26)
Introduction	279	(1)
Bronchoconstriction and Mucosal Edema	279	(1)
Bronchial Asthma	280	(2)
Asthma Management in Children	282	(1)
ALPHA-Adrenergic Sympathomimetic Drugs	282	(2)
Corticosteroid Anti-inflammatory Drugs	284	(5)
Anti-asthmatic (Mast Cell Stabilizer) Drugs	289	(15)
CHAPTER 15 SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS	304	(16)
Introduction	305	(1)
Surface Tension	305	(1)
Surfactant	305	(1)
Infant (or Idiopathic) Respiratory Distress Syndrome	306	(5)
Fulminant Alveolar Pulmonary Edema	311	(9)
CHAPTER 16 SPECIAL PROCEDURES	320	(8)
Introduction	320	(1)
Special Procedures: Bronchoscopy and Bronchial Challenge	321	(7)
CHAPTER 17 ADVANCED CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT PHARMACOLOGY	328	(19)
Introduction	328	(1)
Advanced Cardiac Life Support	329	(1)
ACLS Drug Therapy	330	(1)
Drugs for Control of Cardiac Rhythm and Rate	330	(6)
Drugs to Improve Cardiac Output and Blood Pressure	336	(3)
Miscellaneous ACLS Drugs and Fluids	339	(8)
APPENDIX A LIST OF DRUGS BY GENERIC AND TRADE NAMES	347	(8)
APPENDIX B COMPREHENSIVE EXAM	355	(10)
GLOSSARY	365	(10)
INDEX	375