Principles and Practices of Commercial Construction

by Andres, Cameron K.; Smith, Ronald C.

• ISBN13: 9780130482921
• ISBN10: 0130482927
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This classic book provides an overview of the methods, equipment, and materials used in the construction of large commercial buildings. It makes an excellent source of general informationcomplete with diagrams, details, photographs, and worked examples of typical construction calculations such as earth moving calculation, formwork calculations, concrete pressures, and insulation values for building components.Each chapter covers the principles and practices of a particular aspect of the construction processfrom site layout to building finishessupporting discussions with its wealth of clear, captivating illustrations.For construction technologists, supervisors, and superintendents at the technology level; architectural and civil engineering technologists; and construction trades people.

Table of Contents

Site Investigation	1	(18)
Land Development	1	(1)
The Construction Team	2	(1)
Primary Investigation	2	(1)
Nature of Soil	3	(2)
Subsurface Sampling	5	(4)
Surface Testing	9	(6)
Secondary Investigation	15	(2)
Review Questions	17	(2)
Site Layout	19	(30)
Surveying Instruments	19	(9)
Measuring Angles with Builders' Level or Level Transit	28	(1)
Measuring Angles with a Transit	29	(2)
Setting Up a Level or Level Transit	31	(3)
Leveling Rods and Their Uses	34	(5)
Layout before Excavation	39	(4)
Preliminary Layout Problems	43	(4)
Care of Instruments	47	(1)
Review Questions	47	(2)
Excavations and Excavating Equipment	49	(45)
Effects of Soil Types on Excavating Equipment	49	(1)
Removing Groundwater	50	(4)
General and Special Excavations	54	(1)
Estimating Amount of Material to Be Removed	54	(2)
Cranes	56	(5)
Excavating Machines	61	(7)
Trucks	68	(4)
Choosing Excavation Equipment	72	(3)
Protection of Excavations	75	(8)
Excavation Wall Bracing	83	(3)
Protection of Adjacent Buildings	86	(3)
Rock Excavation	89	(1)
Blasting Principles	89	(4)
Review Questions	93	(1)
Foundation Layout	94	(15)
Locating Points from Batter Board Lines	94	(9)
Layout for Footing Forms	103	(3)
Leveling of Footing Forms	106	(1)
Bench Marks and Deep Excavations	106	(2)
Review Questions	108	(1)
Foundations	109	(24)
Need for Deep Foundations	109	(1)
Types of Piles	109	(2)
Bearing Capacity of Pile Foundations	111	(1)
Wood Piles	112	(1)
Concrete Piles	113	(5)
Steel Piles	118	(1)
Composite Piles	119	(1)
Pile Drivers	120	(1)
Caissons	121	(2)
Cofferdams	123	(1)
Spread Foundations	123	(3)
Slurry Wall Foundations	126	(1)
Earthquake Resisting Foundations	126	(2)
Soil Enhancement for Foundations	128	(4)
Review Questions	132	(1)
Formwork	133	(72)
Form Materials	133	(3)
Formwork Principles	136	(1)
Formwork Loads and Pressures	137	(7)
Formwork Design	144	(31)
Footing Forms	175	(3)
Wall Forms	178	(7)
Slip Forms	185	(2)
Construction Joints	187	(2)
Control Joints	189	(1)
Column, Girder, and Beam Forms	189	(1)
Floor Forms	189	(10)
Shoring and Reshoring in Multistory Structures	199	(3)
Form Accessories	202	(1)
Form Treatment, Care and Removal	202	(1)
Review Questions	203	(2)
Concrete Work	205	(55)
Aggregates for Concrete	205	(6)
Portland Cement	211	(1)
Concrete Mix Design	211	(13)
Tests on Concrete	224	(2)
Preparation for Placing Concrete	226	(1)
Mixing Concrete	226	(2)
Machinery for Placing Concrete	228	(4)
Concrete Transportation	232	(3)
Placing Concrete	235	(10)
Concrete Joints	245	(1)
Finishing and Curing Concrete	245	(2)
Hot Concrete	247	(1)
Design of Structural Lightweight Concrete	247	(11)
Review Questions	258	(2)
Structural Timber Frame	260	(33)
The Structural Frame	261	(1)
Timber Connectors	262	(1)
Wood Columns	263	(4)
Wood Beams	267	(4)
Floor and Roof Decks	271	(3)
Glued-Laminated Timber	274	(8)
Connections for Glulam Beams and Arches	282	(4)
Parallel Strand Lumber	286	(2)
Plywood Structures	288	(3)
Termite Control for Wood Buildings	291	(1)
Review Questions	292	(1)
Reinforced Concrete Frame	293	(42)
Principles of Reinforced Concrete	293	(1)
The Reinforced Concrete Frame	294	(1)
Reinforcing Steel	295	(3)
Cast-In-Place Reinforced Concrete Structural Frame	298	(14)
Precast Concrete Structural Frames	312	(10)
Architectural Precast Concrete	322	(9)
Tilt-Up Load-Bearing Wall Panels	331	(3)
Review Questions	334	(1)
Structural Steel Frame	335	(27)
Structural Steel Shapes	335	(5)
Principles of Structural Steel Frames	340	(3)
Structural Steel Connections	343	(5)
Erection of Steel Frame	348	(9)
Preengineered Structural Steel Frames	357	(1)
Construction Procedures and Practices	358	(3)
Review Questions	361	(1)
Floor Systems and Industrial Flooring	362	(31)
Timber Subfloors	362	(1)
Concrete Subfloors	363	(6)
Floor Slab Forms & Work	369	(15)
Industrial Floor Finishes	384	(8)
Review Questions	392	(1)
Roof Systems and Industrial Roofing	393	(39)
Low Slope Roof Systems	393	(11)
Roof Decks	404	(1)
Truss Roof Framing	405	(4)
Folded Plate Roof	409	(1)
Long-Barrel Shell Roof	410	(4)
Umbrella-Style Shell Roofs	414	(4)
Cable-Supported Roofs	418	(1)
Stressed-Skin Panel Roof	419	(1)
Roof Membranes and Insulation	419	(12)
Review Questions	431	(1)
Masonry Construction	432	(30)
Building with Concrete Blocks	432	(10)
Prefabricated Concrete Block Wall Panels	442	(3)
Brick Construction	445	(8)
Building with Stone	453	(6)
Cold Weather Masonry Work	459	(2)
Review Questions	461	(1)
Curtain Wall Construction	462	(18)
Masonry Curtain Walls	463	(5)
Stone Panels	468	(1)
Precast Concrete Curtain Walls	469	(4)
Lightweight Curtain Walls	473	(3)
Glass Curtain Walls	476	(2)
Review Questions	478	(2)
Building Insulation	480	(20)
Thermal Insulation	480	(2)
Fireproofing	482	(3)
Building Insulation	485	(8)
Sound Insulation and Control	493	(4)
Moisture Control	497	(2)
Review Questions	499	(1)
Finishing	500	(34)
Exterior Finishes and Facings	501	(7)
Windows	508	(5)
Interior Finishing	513	(1)
Plastering	513	(3)
Wall Tile	516	(3)
Hardboard	519	(1)
Gypsum Board	519	(1)
Plastic Laminates	520	(1)
Masonry Finishes	520	(3)
Ceilings	523	(1)
Stairs	524	(9)
Review Questions	533	(1)
Glossary	534	(3)
Index	537

Excerpts

The process of commercial construction brings together designers, engineers, project managers, fabricators, and site personnel, as well as heavy equipment, to build commercial buildings. Many demands are made on the building process: (1) the project must be completed on time and on budget; (2) it must meet all relevant building codes and environmental concerns; and (3) it must function as intended. Although "form for function" does not fall within the scope of this text, it is important to acknowledge that a building should accommodate, enhance, and enliven its intended use. A combination of time-honored building practices, space age materials, and computer-based design offers the construction industry an increasingly formula-based approach to construction. The use of standardized building elements such as joists, trusses, beams, concrete floor slabs, curtain walls, and entire building frames has directed the manufacture of preengineered building components, whether they are structural or not. Catalog selection of structural components and non-structural items offer a cost-effective solution for many owners. However, preengineered components increasingly challenge designers and site personnel to pay greater attention to detail. As the construction process becomes ever more refined, it is essential that manufacturers, suppliers, designers, and contractors speak a common language. That language includes an understanding of common industry terms and definitions, the ability to read and interpret complex drawings and details, and a strong working knowledge of the complete building process. The language of construction also includes measurement of quantities. Measurements on the construction site must be within the allowable tolerances of the prefabricated items to ensure speedy assembly. Drawings, specifications, and details must be clear and accurate. Because the industry relies on both standard and metric units of measure, all construction personnel need to be well versed in both systems. To reinforce this need, the seventh edition ofPrinciples and Practices of Commercial Constructionprovides material dimensions, tables, details, and worked examples in both standard and metric units. When conditions and need dictate a custom approach, site personnel must be able to respond. The use of traditional materials, such as poured reinforced concrete, require skilled site personnel to plan, monitor, and execute the construction process in a timely manner. It is imperative that students entering the construction field as designers, project managers, and construction supervisors have an understanding of the complete construction process and an ability to meld traditional methods and materials with new concepts. Qualified tradespeople provide the expertise necessary to erect and assemble the structure; they too benefit from an understanding of the entire construction process. The seventh edition ofPrinciples and Practices of Commercial Constructioncontinues in the same vein as the previous edition. It provides the reader with a complete overview of traditional concepts and practices as well as preengineered components that are used in the construction of commercial buildings. From building layout to exterior finishing, this edition describes and illustrates the various stages of the building process. New materials and new concepts are outlined throughout the text, introducing the reader to current practices in commercial construction. Traditional materials used in the construction of the structural frame--timber, steel, and concrete--are described in detail. The physical properties of each material are discussed, and a description of the structural components made from each material is provided. Tests for quality control and proper methods of application for each material are also outlined. In response to new ideas, materials, and innovations, diagrams have been revi