Principles of Science for Nurses

by James, Joyce; Baker, Colin; Swain, Helen

• ISBN13: 9780632057696
• ISBN10: 0632057696
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-06-14
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

This very basic textbook aims to provide nursing students with the essential bioscience they will need to complete their Common Foundation Programme. The book will explore the relevant basic scientific principles, apply these principles to clinical situations and then ask review questions. For anyone who has not studied science before this will be an excellent introduction to the key concepts of chemistry, physics and biology, as applied to nursing.

Author Biography

Joyce James is the author of Principles of Science for Nurses, published by Wiley.

Colin Baker is the author of Principles of Science for Nurses, published by Wiley.

Helen Swain is the author of Principles of Science for Nurses, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Preface	viii
Introduction	ix
Homeostasis	ix
Measurement and units	x
Summary	xvii
Review questions	xvii
Atoms	1	(18)
Learning objectives	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(1)
Matter	1	(2)
Atoms	3	(1)
Elements	4	(2)
Atomic number and mass number	6	(1)
Isotopes	6	(1)
Relative atomic mass	6	(1)
Electron arrangement	7	(1)
Compounds	8	(1)
Chemical equations	8	(2)
Chemical bonding	10	(5)
The mole	15	(2)
Relative formula mass	17	(1)
Summary	17	(1)
Review questions	17	(1)
Further reading	18	(1)
Water and electrolyte balance	19	(21)
Learning objectives	19	(1)
Introduction	19	(1)
Bonding in water	19	(2)
Water as a solvent	21	(4)
Concentrations	25	(2)
Diffusion and osmosis	27	(3)
Tonicity of cells	30	(2)
Filtration	32	(1)
Electrolyte balance	32	(1)
Water in the body	33	(2)
Water balance	35	(2)
Water regulation	37	(1)
Dialysis	38	(1)
Summary	39	(1)
Review questions	39	(1)
Further reading	39	(1)
Acids and bases	40	(18)
Learning objectives	40	(1)
Introduction	40	(1)
Acids	40	(1)
Bases	41	(1)
Neutralisation	42	(1)
Salts	42	(1)
Strong and weak acids and bases	43	(2)
The pH scale	45	(2)
pH of body fluids	47	(1)
Chemical buffers	48	(2)
Respiratory regulation of pH	50	(2)
Renal regulation of pH	52	(1)
When the balancing act no longer works	53	(3)
Compensation - systems working together	56	(1)
Summary	56	(1)
Review questions	57	(1)
Further reading	57	(1)
Biomolecules	58	(19)
Learning objectives	58	(1)
Introduction	58	(1)
Organic chemistry	58	(1)
Carbohydrates	59	(4)
Lipids	63	(3)
Proteins	66	(4)
Nucleic acids	70	(2)
Digestion and absorption of biomolecules	72	(3)
Summary	75	(1)
Review questions	75	(1)
Further reading	76	(1)
Cells	77	(15)
Learning objectives	77	(1)
Introduction	77	(1)
Two cell types	77	(1)
Viruses and prions	78	(1)
Cell structure	79	(3)
Human cell organelles	82	(6)
Growth of cells and cell division	88	(3)
Summary	91	(1)
Review questions	91	(1)
Further reading	91	(1)
Genetics	92	(17)
Learning objectives	92	(1)
Introduction	92	(1)
Genes	92	(3)
Gene inheritance patterns	95	(2)
Genetic disorders	97	(2)
Characteristics of single-gene disorders	99	(5)
Genetic techniques	104	(4)
Summary	108	(1)
Review questions	108	(1)
Further reading	108	(1)
Microorganisms	109	(15)
Learning objectives	109	(1)
Introduction	109	(1)
Microorganisms	109	(1)
Microorganism structure	109	(3)
Growth	112	(2)
Laboratory techniques	114	(1)
Infection	115	(2)
Prevention of infection	117	(3)
Drug-resistant bacteria	120	(3)
Summary	123	(1)
Review questions	123	(1)
Further reading	123	(1)
Immunology	124	(13)
Learning objectives	124	(1)
Introduction	124	(1)
The immune system	124	(1)
Innate and adaptive immunity	125	(2)
Immune system structure	127	(4)
Defective immune responses	131	(1)
Applications of the immune system	132	(4)
Summary	136	(1)
Review questions	136	(1)
Further reading	136	(1)
Fluids - liquids and gases	137	(20)
Learning objectives	137	(1)
Introduction	137	(1)
Pressure	137	(1)
Atmospheric pressure	137	(2)
Liquids	139	(1)
Blood - pressure, resistance and flow	140	(6)
Gases	146	(9)
Summary	155	(1)
Review questions	156	(1)
Further reading	156	(1)
Nutrition and metabolism	157	(20)
Learning objectives	157	(1)
Introduction	157	(1)
Definition of energy	157	(2)
Nutrition	159	(4)
Adenosine triphosphate - ATP	163	(1)
Metabolism	164	(1)
Metabolic pathways	165	(8)
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)	173	(2)
Summary	175	(1)
Review questions	175	(1)
Further reading	176	(1)
Electromagnetic radiation	177	(14)
Learning objectives	177	(1)
Introduction	177	(1)
What is electromagnetic radiation?	177	(1)
The sun and electromagnetic radiation	178	(2)
Non-ionising radiation	180	(1)
Radioisotopes	180	(3)
Monitoring exposure and reducing dosage	183	(1)
Clinical uses of radioisotopes	183	(2)
Non-invasive imaging techniques	185	(4)
Summary	189	(1)
Review questions	189	(1)
Further reading	190	(1)
Temperature and heat	191	(11)
Learning objectives	191	(1)
Introduction	191	(1)
Heat and temperature	191	(3)
Latent heat	194	(1)
Transmission of heat	195	(2)
Temperature homeostasis - heat balance in the body	197	(2)
Control of abnormal body temperatures - hypothermia and hyperthermia	199	(1)
Summary	200	(1)
Review questions	201	(1)
Further reading	201	(1)
Forces and mechanics	202	(11)
Learning objectives	202	(1)
Introduction	202	(1)
Getting things moving - Newton's laws of motion	202	(2)
The force of gravity	204	(2)
Friction	206	(2)
Levers	208	(2)
Pulleys	210	(1)
Forces, levers and moving and handling issues	210	(2)
Summary	212	(1)
Review questions	212	(1)
Further reading	212	(1)
Electricity	213	(15)
Learning objectives	213	(1)
Introduction	213	(1)
Electricity	213	(4)
Electricity and the body	217	(6)
Medical applications of electricity	223	(3)
Summary	226	(1)
Review questions	226	(1)
Further reading	227	(1)
Periodic table of the elements	228	(1)
Glossary	229	(7)
Answers	236	(9)
Index	245