Probation and Parole : Theory and Practice

by Abadinsky, Howard

• ISBN13: 9780131188945
• ISBN10: 0131188941
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-01-21
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Probation and Parole: Theory and Practice, Ninth Editiontakes a look inside the real world of probation and parole. Featuring a front-linepractitioner'sinsights based on the author's extensive experience as a senior New York State parole officer, this book exposes readers to the complex, "real" world of probation and parole.Comprehensive in approach, this book provides athoroughunderstanding of the field of probation and parole covering these topics: history and administration, sentencing and the pre-sentence investigation, juvenile court, probation, institutions, and aftercare, prisons and community-based corrections, indeterminate and determinate sentences, the theory and practice of rehabilitation, parole supervision and special problems and programs.For future or practicing probation and parole officers.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Acknowledgments	xvii
About the Author	xix
Probation and Parole in Criminal Justice	1	(19)
The Reality of Criminal Justice	1	(2)
American Criminal Justice	3	(2)
What Is a Crime? Who Is a Criminal?	5	(2)
Index Crimes	6	(1)
Responding to Crime	7	(1)
Classical View	8	(2)
Neoclassicalism	10	(1)
Positive View	11	(1)
The American System of Criminal Justice	12	(4)
Entering the System	12	(1)
Pretrial Court Appearances	13	(1)
Pretrial Hearings	13	(1)
Trial or Guilty Plea	14	(1)
Sentencing	15	(1)
Appeals	16	(1)
Probation and Parole: Why Bother?	16	(4)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
PART 1 Probation
Juvenile Court and Juvenile Justice	20	(41)
The History of the Juvenile Court	20	(1)
Houses of Refuge and Orphan Asylums	21	(1)
The Child Savers	22	(1)
The Juvenile Court Emerges	22	(3)
Procedures in the Juvenile Court	25	(26)
Intake	26	(5)
Preliminary Hearing	31	(4)
Adjudicatory Hearing	35	(1)
Predisposition Report	36	(1)
Disposition Hearing	36	(15)
Status Offenders	51	(2)
Juvenile Court Judges	53	(1)
Juveniles in Criminal Court	54	(3)
Blended Sentence	57	(1)
Legal Decisions	57	(4)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Juvenile Probation, Institutions, and Aftercare	61	(30)
Juvenile Dispositions and Their Administration	61	(1)
Probation Supervision	62	(7)
Day Treatment	69	(1)
The Group Home	70	(1)
Residential Treatment Center	71	(4)
Training School	75	(3)
The Youth Authority	78	(4)
Aftercare and Parole	82	(6)
Administration of Juvenile Services	88	(1)
In the Criminal Court	89	(2)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Probation and the Courts: History and Administration	91	(32)
Court Systems: Federal and State	91	(1)
Jurisdiction	91	(1)
The State Courts	92	(2)
Federal Courts	94	(2)
Probation History	96	(2)
Early Probation and John Augustus	96	(1)
Early Probation Statutes	97	(1)
Probation at the Turn of the Twentieth Century	97	(1)
Administration of Probation	98	(5)
Granting Probation	103	(2)
Conditions of Probation	105	(4)
Length of Supervision	109	(2)
Violation of Probation	111	(7)
Preliminary/Probable Cause Hearing	114	(1)
Revocation Hearing	115	(2)
Street Time	117	(1)
Legal Decisions	118	(5)
Conditions of Probation	118	(1)
Probation Violation and the Three Theories of Probation	119	(4)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Sentencing and the Presentence Investigation (PSI)	123	(51)
Requiring a PSI Report	123	(1)
Purposes of a PSI Report	123	(4)
Content of a PSI Report	127	(1)
Gathering Information for the PSI	128	(2)
Interviews	128	(1)
Review of Records and Reports	129	(1)
Short- and Long-Form PSI Reports	130	(5)
Sentencing Guidelines, Mandatory Sentences, and the Classical PSI	135	(29)
Plea Bargaining and the Pre-Plea Investigation	164	(2)
Confidentiality of the PSI Report	166	(1)
Criticism of the PSI Report	167	(7)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
PART 2 Parole
American Prisons and Community-Based Corrections	174	(31)
America's Prison Crisis	174	(2)
Origins of the American System of Prisons	176	(1)
Pennsylvania: Walnut Street and Other Early Prisons	177	(3)
Pennsylvania After Walnut Street	179	(1)
Auburn System	180	(4)
Convict Labor	181	(3)
The Big House	184	(1)
Corrections	185	(5)
Correctional Institutions: Divisions, Rebellions, and Riots	185	(3)
Attica	188	(2)
Just Deserts: Contemporary Correctional Institutions	190	(6)
Infectious Diseases	192	(1)
Drug-abusing and Mentally Ill Inmates	193	(1)
Prison Violence	194	(2)
Prisons and the Courts	196	(1)
Community-Based Corrections	197	(3)
Prisons for Profit	200	(5)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Parole and the Indeterminate Sentence	205	(17)
Transportation to America	205	(1)
Maconochie and Norfolk Island	206	(1)
Crofton and the Irish System	206	(1)
Developments in the United States	207	(1)
Elmira Reformatory	207	(1)
Indeterminate Sentence and Parole	208	(1)
Positivism Reemerges as the Medical Model	209	(4)
Indeterminate and Determinate Sentencing	213	(3)
Determinate Sentencing, Prosecutorial Discretion, and Disparate Justice	216	(2)
The ``Why?'' of Parole	218	(4)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Parole Administration and Services	222	(54)
Administration of Parole Services	222	(1)
Conditional Release	223	(1)
The Parole Board	224	(10)
Parole Board Procedures	226	(6)
Victim Participation	232	(2)
Parole Board Procedures	234	(1)
Parole Board Guidelines	234	(1)
Parole Services--Institutional	235	(6)
Parole Services--Field	241	(4)
Conditions of Parole	245	(1)
Length of Supervision	245	(5)
Violation of Parole/Conditional Release	250	(12)
Preliminary Hearing	254	(3)
Revocation Hearing	257	(4)
Street Time	261	(1)
Parole Services: Executive Clemency	262	(5)
Reprieve	263	(1)
Commutation	263	(1)
Pardon	263	(4)
Legal Decisions Affecting Parole	267	(9)
Parole Release and Parole Hearings	267	(2)
Parole Violation and the Three Theories of Parole	269	(2)
Parole Board Liability	271	(5)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
PART 3 Rehabilitation and Supervision in Probation and Parole
Rehabilitation: Theory and Practice	276	(29)
Theory	276	(1)
Psychoanalytic Theory	277	(4)
Stages of Psychological Development	277	(2)
Crime and the Superego	279	(1)
Psychoanalytic Treatment	280	(1)
Social Casework	281	(5)
Assessment	282	(1)
Evaluation	283	(1)
Intervention	284	(2)
Learning Theory/Behavior Modification	286	(5)
Reality Therapy	291	(2)
Group Work	293	(2)
Sociological Theory	295	(10)
Anomie	295	(1)
Differential Association	296	(1)
Delinquent Subcultures	297	(1)
Neutralization	298	(1)
Differential/Limited Opportunity	299	(1)
Social Control Theory	300	(1)
Drift	301	(1)
Labeling	301	(1)
Conflict Theory	302	(3)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Probation and Parole Officers	305	(21)
The Tasks of Probation/Parole Officers	305	(1)
Probation/Parole Officer Roles and Agency Models	306	(2)
The Probation/Parole Officer as an Agent of Rehabilitation	308	(1)
The Probation/Parole Officer as Broker or Advocate	309	(1)
The Probation/Parole Officer as Law Enforcement Agent	309	(9)
Should Probation/Parole Officers Make Arrests and Carry Firearms?	313	(4)
Probation and Parole Officers: The Powers of Search and Seizure	317	(1)
Selecting Probation and Parole Officers	318	(1)
Personal Qualities	319	(1)
Volunteers	320	(4)
Probation/Parole Officer Legal Liability	324	(2)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Probation and Parole Supervision	326	(34)
Classification in Probation and Parole	326	(5)
Risk/Needs Assessment	326	(5)
Probation/Parole Supervision	331	(15)
Case Assignment	332	(1)
Initial Interview	333	(5)
Pretrial Supervision	338	(3)
Ongoing Supervision	341	(5)
Offender Employment	346	(7)
The Stigma of Conviction	349	(4)
Restorative and Community Justice	353	(7)
Restorative Justice	353	(3)
Community Justice/``Broken Windows''	356	(4)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Special Problems and Programs in Probation and Parole	360	(42)
Substance-Abusing Clients	360	(9)
Methadone Treatment	361	(1)
Behavior Modification	362	(1)
Therapeutic Community	363	(2)
Chemical Dependency Programs	365	(1)
Alcoholics and Narcotics Anonymous	365	(2)
Drug Testing	367	(2)
HIV/AIDS	369	(2)
Federal HIV/AIDS Specialists	370	(1)
New York State Division of Parole AIDS Caseloads	370	(1)
Sex Offenders	371	(9)
Texas Sex Offender Caseload	374	(1)
Hunt County Sex Offender Unit	374	(2)
Maricopa County Sex Offender Program	376	(1)
Jefferson County Juvenile Sex Offender Unit	376	(1)
New Haven Sex Offender Intensive Supervision Unit	377	(2)
Orange County Probation Department Adult Sex Offender Unit	379	(1)
Intoxicated Drivers	380	(1)
Nassau County DWI Unit	380	(1)
Offenders Who Are Mentally Retarded	381	(1)
Cuyahoga County (Cleveland), Ohio, Mentally Retarded Offender Unit	381	(1)
Erie County Special Probation Services	381	(1)
Gang Intervention Unit	382	(1)
Restitution and Community Service	383	(3)
Community Service	384	(2)
Probation/Parole Fees	386	(3)
Discussion	387	(2)
Work Release	389	(1)
Halfway Houses	390	(3)
Massachusetts Halfway Houses, Inc.	392	(1)
St. Leonard's House	392	(1)
Hopper Home	393	(1)
Interstate Adult and Juvenile Compacts	393	(9)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Intermediate Punishments	402	(31)
Intensive Probation/Parole Supervision	404	(5)
Florida Community Control	404	(1)
Georgia Intensive Probation Supervision	405	(1)
Cook County (Chicago, Illinois) Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision	405	(1)
New York and Colorado	406	(1)
Somerset County (Pennsylvania) Day Report Intensive Probation Program	406	(1)
Lucas County (Toledo, Ohio) Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision	407	(1)
Dauphin County (Pennsylvania) Intensive Juvenile Probation	407	(1)
Texas Intensive Supervision Program	407	(2)
Intensive Supervision: Research Findings	409	(9)
California	409	(1)
Georgia	410	(1)
Louisiana	411	(1)
Minnesota	411	(1)
New Jersey	412	(1)
New York	412	(1)
Ohio	413	(1)
Washington State	413	(1)
Wisconsin	414	(1)
Discussion	415	(3)
Electronic Monitoring	418	(5)
Discussion	422	(1)
Shock Probation/Parole	423	(1)
Shock Incarceration/Boot Camp	423	(8)
Discussion	427	(4)
Day Reporting Centers	431	(2)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Probation and Parole in the Twenty-First Century	433	(10)
Probation and Parole: Success or Failure?	433	(3)
Felony Probation	436	(1)
Goals of Probation and Parole	437	(3)
Where Have We Been, Where Are We Now, and Where Are We Going?	440	(3)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Glossary	443	(9)
References	452	(37)
Name Index	489	(4)
Subject Index	493