Problem Solving With C++: The Object of Programming

by Savitch, Walter

• ISBN13: 9780201703900
• ISBN10: 0201703904
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-11-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Enables readers to efficiently master the fundamentals of C++ and object-oriented programming, while imparting skills that are valuable with virtually any contemporary programming language. Writing in a friendly, highly motivational style, Walter Savitch begins with an overview of programming and problem-solving, then walks through all the fundamentals of C++ development. Coverage includes: variables, assignments, I/O, data types, expressions, flow control, functions, arrays, strings, vectors, pointers, and recursion, along with complete chapters on inheritance, exception handling, and templates. From start to finish, Savitch presents C++ examples in the context of complete, executable programs that are available for download. This edition fully embraces the latest ANSI/ISO standards, features an all-new chapter on the STL, and includes expanded coverage of namespaces. Improvements also include: access to Addison-Wesley's exclusive online CodeMate program competency builder; an all-new, full-color design, and many new exercises. For anyone who wants to master object-oriented programming with C++: both those who have experience with other languages, and those learning programming for the first time

Author Biography

Walter Savitch, who teaches at the University of California at San Diego, brings his rich experience as both a successful teacher and best-selling author to this new text, his fifth Addison-Wesley book. His other books include the highly successful introductory programming texts Pascal and Turbo Pascal, both in 4th editions, Ada (with Charles Petersen), and the recent Data Structures and Other Objects (with Michael Main).

Table of Contents

Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming	1	(38)
Computer Systems	2	(11)
Hardware	2	(5)
Software	7	(1)
High-Level Languages	8	(1)
Compilers	9	(2)
Self-Test Exercises	11	(1)
History Note	12	(1)
Programming and Problem-Solving	13	(6)
Algorithms	14	(1)
Program Design	15	(2)
The Software Life Cycle	17	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	18	(1)
Introduction to C++	19	(11)
Origins of the C++ Language	19	(1)
A Sample C++ Program	20	(4)
Pitfall---Using the Wrong Slash in \n	24	(1)
Programming Tip---Input and Output Syntax	24	(1)
Pitfall---Putting a Space before the include File Name	24	(1)
Layout of a Simple C++ Program	25	(2)
Compiling and Running a C++ Program	27	(1)
Programming Tip---Getting Your Program to Run	28	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	29	(1)
Testing and Debugging	30	(9)
Kinds of Program Errors	31	(1)
Pitfall---Assuming Your Program Is Correct	32	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	32	(1)
Chapter Summary	33	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	34	(2)
Programming Projects	36	(3)
C++ Basics	39	(68)
Variables and Assignments	40	(10)
Variables	40	(1)
Names: Identifiers	41	(3)
Variable Declarations	44	(2)
Assignment Statements	46	(2)
Pitfall---Uninitialized Variables	48	(1)
Programming Tip---Use Meaningful Names	49	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	49	(1)
Input and Output	50	(10)
Output Using cout	50	(2)
Include Directives and Namespaces	52	(1)
Escape Sequences	53	(2)
Programming Tip---End Each Program with a \n or endl	55	(1)
Formatting for Numbers with a Decimal Point	55	(2)
Input Using cin	57	(1)
Designing Input and Output	58	(1)
Programming Tip---Line Breaks in I/O	59	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	59	(1)
Data Types and Expressions	60	(13)
The Types int and double	60	(2)
Other Number Types	62	(2)
The Type Char	64	(1)
The Type bool	65	(1)
Type Compatibilities	65	(2)
Arithmetic Operators and Expressions	67	(3)
Pitfall---Whole Numbers in Division	70	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	71	(1)
More Assignment Statements	72	(1)
Simple Flow of Control	73	(20)
A Simple Branching Mechanism	73	(6)
Pitfall---Strings of Inequalities	79	(1)
Pitfall---Using = in place of ==	79	(2)
Compound Statements	81	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	82	(1)
Simple Loop Mechanisms	83	(4)
Increment and Decrement Operators	87	(2)
Programming Example---Charge Card Balance	89	(1)
Pitfall---Infinite Loops	90	(2)
Self-Test Exercises	92	(1)
Program Style	93	(14)
Indenting	93	(1)
Comments	94	(1)
Naming Constants	95	(3)
Self-Test Exercises	98	(1)
Chapter Summary	98	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	99	(5)
Programming Projects	104	(3)
Procedural Abstraction and Functions That Return a Value	107	(66)
Top-Down Design	108	(1)
Predefined Functions	109	(10)
Using Predefined Functions	109	(6)
Pitfall---Problems with Library Names	115	(1)
Type Changing Functions	115	(3)
Pitfall---Integer Division Drops the Fractional Part	118	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	118	(1)
Programmer-Defined Functions	119	(11)
Function Definitions	119	(5)
Alternate Form for Function Prototypes	124	(2)
Pitfall---Arguments in the Wrong Order	126	(2)
Function Definition-Syntax Summary	128	(1)
More About Placement of Function Definitions	129	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	130	(1)
Procedural Abstraction	130	(12)
The Black Box Analogy	131	(2)
Programming Tip---Choosing Formal Parameter Names	133	(1)
Case Study---Buying Pizza	134	(7)
Programming Tip---Use Pseudocode	141	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	141	(1)
Local Variables	142	(13)
The Small Program Analogy	142	(3)
Programming Example---Experimental Pea Patch	145	(1)
Global Constants and Global Variables	145	(3)
Call-by-Value Formal Parameters Are Local Variables	148	(3)
Namespaces Revisited	151	(2)
Self-Test Exercises	153	(1)
Programming Example---The Factorial Function	154	(1)
Overloading Function Names	155	(18)
Introduction to Overloading	156	(3)
Programming Example---Revised Pizza-Buying Program	159	(1)
Automatic Type Conversion	160	(3)
Self-Test Exercises	163	(1)
Chapter Summary	164	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	165	(3)
Programming Projects	168	(5)
Functions for All Subtasks	173	(48)
void-Functions	174	(8)
Definitions of void-Functions	174	(3)
Programming Example---Converting Temperatures from Fahrenheit to Celsius	177	(1)
return-Statements in void-Functions	177	(3)
Self-Test Exercises	180	(2)
Call-by-Reference Parameters	182	(14)
A First View of Call-by-Reference	182	(3)
Call-by-Reference in Detail	185	(2)
Programming Example---The Swap_values Function	187	(3)
Mixed Parameter Lists	190	(1)
Programming Tip---What Kind of Parameter to Use	191	(2)
Pitfall---Inadvertent Local Variables	193	(2)
Self-Test Exercises	195	(1)
Using Procedural Abstraction	196	(10)
Functions Calling Functions	196	(3)
Preconditions and Postconditions	199	(1)
Case Study---Supermarket Pricing	200	(3)
Self-Test Exercises	203	(3)
Testing and Debugging Functions	206	(15)
Stubs and Drivers	206	(3)
Self-Test Exercises	209	(3)
Chapter Summary	212	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	213	(3)
Programming Projects	216	(5)
I/O Streams as an Introduction to Objects and Classes	221	(78)
Streams and Basic File I/O	222	(16)
Why Use Files for I/O?	223	(1)
File I/O	224	(3)
Introduction to Classes and Objects	227	(4)
Programming Tip---Check that a File Was Opened Successfully	231	(3)
Techniques for File I/O	234	(2)
Self-Test Exercises	236	(1)
File Names as Input (Optional)	236	(2)
Tools for Stream I/O	238	(17)
Formatting Output with Stream Functions	241	(3)
Manipulators	244	(2)
Self-Test Exercises	246	(2)
Streams as Arguments to Functions	248	(1)
Programming Tip---Checking for the End of a File	248	(4)
A Note on Namespaces	252	(2)
Programming Example---Cleaning Up a File Format	254	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	254	(1)
Character I/O	255	(20)
The Member Functions get and put	256	(3)
The putback Member Function (Optional)	259	(1)
Programming Example---Checking Input	260	(1)
Pitfall---Unexpected ` \n' in Input	261	(3)
The eof Member Function	264	(2)
Self-Test Exercises	266	(2)
Programming Example---Editing a Text File	268	(1)
Predefined Character Functions	269	(3)
Pitfall---toupper and to lower Return int Values	272	(2)
Self-Test Exercises	274	(1)
Inheritance	275	(24)
Inheritance Among Stream Classes	275	(4)
Programming Example---Another new_line Function	279	(1)
Default Arguments for Functions (Optional)	280	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	281	(2)
Chapter Summary	283	(2)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	285	(6)
Programming Projects	291	(8)
Defining Classes and Abstract Data Types	299	(66)
Structures	300	(13)
Structures for Diverse Data	300	(6)
Pitfall---Forgetting a Semicolon in a Structure Definition	306	(1)
Structures as Function Arguments	307	(2)
Programming Tip---Use Hierarchical Structures	309	(1)
Initializing Structures	310	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	310	(3)
Classes	313	(32)
Defining Classes and Member Functions	313	(4)
Self-Test Exercises	317	(2)
Public and Private Members	319	(6)
Programming Tip---Make All Member Variables Private	325	(1)
Programming Tip---Define Accessor Functions	325	(2)
Programming Tip---Use the Assignment Operator with Objects	327	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	327	(2)
Programming Example---Bank Account Class---Version 1	329	(5)
Summary of Some Properties of Classes	334	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	335	(1)
Constructors for Initialization	336	(5)
Programming Tip---Always Include a Default Constructor	341	(2)
Pitfall---Constructors with No Arguments	343	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	344	(1)
Abstract Data Types	345	(20)
Classes to Produce ADTs	345	(4)
Programming Example---Alternative Implementation of a Class	349	(5)
Self-Test Exercises	354	(1)
Chapter Summary	354	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	355	(5)
Programming Projects	360	(5)
More Flow of Control	365	(76)
Using Boolean Expressions	366	(9)
Evaluating Boolean Expressions	366	(5)
Pitfall---Boolean Expressions Convert to into Values	371	(2)
Self-Test Exercises	373	(1)
Functions That Return a Boolean Value	373	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	374	(1)
Enumeration Types (Optional)	374	(1)
Multiway Branches	375	(22)
Nested Statements	376	(1)
Programming Tip---Use Braces in Nested Statements	376	(3)
Multiway if-else-Statements	379	(1)
Programming Example---State Income Tax	380	(3)
Self-Test Exercises	383	(2)
The switch-Statement	385	(4)
Pitfall---Forgetting a break in a switch-Statement	389	(1)
Using switch-Statements for Menus	389	(3)
Programming Tip---Use Function Calls in Branching Statements	392	(1)
Blocks	392	(3)
Pitfall---Inadvertent Local Variables	395	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	396	(1)
More About C++ Loop Statements	397	(17)
The while-Statements Reviewed	398	(1)
Increment and Decrement Operators Revisited	398	(4)
Self-Test Exercises	402	(1)
The for-Statement	403	(4)
Pitfall---Extra Semicolon in a for-Statement	407	(2)
What Kind of Loop to Use	409	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	410	(1)
Pitfall---Uninitialized Variables and Infinite Loops	411	(1)
The break-Statement	412	(1)
Pitfall---The break-Statement in Nested Loops	412	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	412	(2)
Designing Loops	414	(27)
Loops for Sums and Products	414	(2)
Ending a Loop	416	(3)
Nested Loops	419	(5)
Self-Test Exercises	424	(1)
Debugging Loops	424	(3)
Self-Test Exercises	427	(1)
Chapter Summary	428	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	429	(7)
Programming Projects	436	(5)
Tools for Defining ADTs	441	(88)
Defining ADT Operations	442	(44)
Programming Example---An Equality Function	442	(4)
Self-Test Exercise	446	(1)
Friend Functions	446	(1)
Programming Tip---Define Both Accessor Functions and Friend Functions	447	(3)
Programming Tip---Use Both Member and Nonmember Functions	450	(1)
Pitfall---Compilers without Friends	451	(1)
Programming Example---Money ADT (Version 1)	451	(7)
Implementation of digit_to_int (Optional)	458	(1)
Pitfall---Leading Zeros in Number Constants	459	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	460	(1)
The const Parameter Modifier	461	(3)
Pitfall---Inconsistent Use of const	464	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	464	(2)
Overloading Operators	466	(4)
Self-Test Exercises	470	(1)
Constructors for Automatic Type Conversion	470	(3)
Self-Test Exercises	473	(1)
Overloading Unary Operators	473	(1)
Overloading ≫ and ≪	474	(11)
Self-Test Exercise	485	(1)
Separate Compilation	486	(18)
ADTs Reviewed	486	(1)
Case Study---Digital Time---An ADT Compiled Separately	487	(10)
Programming Tip---Hiding the Helping Functions	497	(1)
Using # ifndef	498	(3)
Programming Tip---Choosing ADT Operations	501	(1)
Programming Tip---Defining Other Libraries	502	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	503	(1)
Namespaces	504	(25)
Namespaces and Using Directives	504	(2)
Creating a Namespace	506	(3)
Self-Test Exercises	509	(1)
Qualifying Names	509	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	510	(1)
Programming Example---A Class Definition in a Namespace	511	(2)
Chapter Summary	513	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	514	(9)
Programming Projects	523	(6)
Arrays	529	(76)
Introduction to Arrays	530	(11)
Declaring and Referencing Arrays	531	(3)
Programming Tip---Use for-Loops with Arrays	534	(1)
Arrays in Memory	535	(1)
Pitfall---Array Index Out of Range	536	(2)
Initializing Arrays	538	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	539	(2)
Arrays in Functions	541	(12)
Indexed Variables as Function Arguments	541	(1)
Pitfall---Array Indexes Always Start with Zero	542	(1)
Programming Tip---Use a Defined Constant for the Size of an Array	542	(2)
Self-Test Exercises	544	(1)
Entire Arrays as Function Arguments	544	(4)
The const Parameter Modifier	548	(3)
Self-Test Exercises	551	(2)
Programming with Arrays	553	(25)
Case Study---Production Graph	553	(10)
Partially Filled Arrays	563	(4)
Programming Example---Searching on Array	567	(3)
Programming Tip---Do Not Skimp on Formal Parameters	570	(3)
Programming Example---Sorting on Array	573	(2)
Self-Test Exercises	575	(3)
Arrays and Classes	578	(27)
Arrays of Classes	578	(2)
Self-Test Exercises	580	(1)
Arrays as Class Members	580	(4)
Programming Example---A Class for a partially Filled Array	584	(3)
Self-Test Exercises	587	(1)
Chapter Summary	588	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	589	(7)
Programming Projects	596	(9)
Strings and Multidimensional Arrays	605	(72)
String Basics	606	(22)
Cstring Values and Cstring Variables	606	(5)
Pitfall---Using = and == with cstrings	611	(1)
Predefined Cstring Functions	612	(2)
Pitfall---Dangers in Using Functions from <cstring>	614	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	614	(2)
Defining Cstring Functions	616	(3)
Cstring Input and Output	619	(2)
Cstring-to-Number Conversions and Robust Input	621	(6)
Self-Test Exercises	627	(1)
Multidimensional Arrays	628	(9)
Multidimensional Array Basics	628	(2)
Programming Example---Two-Dimensional Grading Program	630	(5)
Arrays of Cstrings	635	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	635	(2)
The C++ Standard string Class	637	(40)
Interface for the Standard Class string	638	(5)
Pitfall---Code That Depends on Order of Evaluation Is Illegal	643	(1)
Programming Tip---The Ignore Member Function	643	(1)
Pitfall---Mixing cin ≫ variable; and getline Can Lose Input	644	(1)
Programming Example---Palindrome Testing	644	(8)
Arrays of strings Revisited	652	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	652	(1)
Namespaces Revisited	652	(5)
Chapter Summary	657	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	658	(7)
Programming Projects	665	(12)
Pointers and Dynamic Arrays	677	(46)
Pointers	678	(14)
Pointer Variables	679	(4)
Self-Test Exercises	683	(4)
Basic Memory Management	687	(2)
Pitfall---Dangling Pointers	689	(1)
Static Variables and Automatic Variables	689	(1)
Programming Tip---Define Pointer Types	690	(2)
Self-Test Exercises	692	(1)
Dynamic Arrays	692	(8)
Array Variables and Pointer Variables	692	(2)
Creating and Using Dynamic Arrays	694	(5)
Self-Test Exercises	699	(1)
Pointer Arithmetic (Optional)	699	(1)
Classes and Dynamic Arrays	700	(23)
Programming Example---A String Variable Class	701	(6)
Destructors	707	(1)
Pitfall---Pointers as Call-by-Value Parameters	708	(2)
Copy Constructors	710	(5)
Self-Test Exercises	715	(1)
Overloading the Assignment Operator	715	(3)
Self-Test Exercise	718	(1)
Chapter Summary	719	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	719	(3)
Programming Projects	722	(1)
Recursion	723	(48)
Recursive Functions for Tasks	725	(15)
Case Study---Vertical Numbers	725	(8)
A Closer Look at Recursion	733	(1)
Pitfall---Infinite Recursion	734	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	735	(1)
Stacks for Recursion	736	(2)
Pitfall---Stack Overflow	738	(1)
Recursion versus Iteration	738	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	739	(1)
Recursive Functions for Values	740	(6)
General Form for a Recursive Function That Returns a Value	740	(1)
Programming Example---Another Powers Function	740	(4)
Self-Test Exercises	744	(2)
Thinking Recursively	746	(25)
Recursive Design Techniques	746	(1)
Case Study---Binary Search---An Example of Recursive Thinking	747	(10)
Programming Example---A Recursive Member Function	757	(4)
Self-Test Exercises	761	(1)
Chapter Summary	761	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	761	(6)
Programming Projects	767	(4)
Templates for More Abstraction	771	(30)
Templates for Algorithm Abstraction	772	(12)
Templates for Functions	775	(2)
Pitfall---Compiler Complications	777	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	778	(1)
Programming Example---A Generic Sorting Function	779	(5)
Programming Tip---How to Define Templates	784	(1)
Self-Test Exercise	784	(1)
Templates for Data Abstraction	784	(17)
Syntax for Class Templates	785	(3)
Programming Example---An Array Class	788	(6)
Self-Test Exercises	794	(1)
Chapter Summary	795	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	795	(3)
Programming Projects	798	(3)
Pointers and Linked Lists	801	(36)
Nodes and Linked Lists	802	(21)
Nodes	802	(4)
Self-Test Exercises	806	(2)
Linked Lists	808	(1)
Inserting a Node at the Head of a List	809	(4)
Pitfall---Losing Nodes	813	(1)
Searching a Linked List	813	(4)
Inserting and Removing Nodes Inside a List	817	(5)
Pitfall---Using the Assignment Operator with Dynamic Data Structures	822	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	822	(1)
A Linked List Application	823	(14)
Stacks	824	(1)
Programming Example---A Stack ADT	824	(6)
Self-Test Exercises	830	(1)
Chapter Summary	830	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	831	(2)
Programming Projects	833	(4)
Inheritance	837	(42)
Inheritance Basics	838	(23)
Derived Classes	839	(8)
Constructor Base Initialization List	847	(3)
Constructors in Derived Classes	850	(3)
The protected Qualifier	853	(1)
Redefinition of Member Functions	854	(5)
Redefining versus Overloading	859	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	860	(1)
Polymorphism	861	(18)
Late Binding	861	(1)
Virtual Functions in C++	862	(6)
Self-Test Exercises	868	(1)
Virtual Functions and Extended Type Compatibility	868	(3)
Pitfall---The Slicing Problem	871	(1)
Pitfall---Not Using Virtual Member Functions	871	(3)
Pitfall---Attempting to Compile Class Definitions without Definitions for Every Virtual Member Function	874	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	875	(1)
Chapter Summary	875	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	875	(2)
Programming Projects	877	(2)
Exception Handling	879	(32)
Exception-Handling Basics	881	(22)
A Toy Example of Exception Handling	881	(8)
Self-Test Exercises	889	(2)
Defining Your Own Exception Classes	891	(1)
Multiple Throws and Catches	891	(2)
Pitfall---Catch the More Specific Exception First	893	(4)
Programming Tip---Exception Classes Can Be Trivial	897	(1)
Throwing an Exception in a Function	898	(4)
Pitfall---Throw List in Derived Classes	902	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	902	(1)
Programming Techniques for Exception Handling	903	(8)
When to Throw an Exception	903	(2)
Pitfall---Uncaught Exceptions	905	(1)
Pitfall---Nested try-catch-Blocks	905	(1)
Pitfall---Overuse of Exceptions	905	(1)
Exception Class Hierarchies	906	(1)
Testing for Available Memory	906	(1)
Rethrowing an Exception	907	(1)
Self-Test Exercises	907	(1)
Chapter Summary	907	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	907	(2)
Programming Projects	909	(2)
Appendix 1 C++ Keywords	911	(1)
Appendix 2 Precedence of Operators	912	(2)
Appendix 3 The ASCII Character Set	914	(1)
Appendix 4 Some Library Functions	915	(8)
Arithmetic Functions	915	(1)
Input and Output Member Functions	916	(2)
Character Functions	918	(1)
String Functions	919	(2)
Random Number Generator	921	(1)
Trigonometric Functions	922	(1)
Appendix 5 The assert-Statement	923	(2)
Appendix 6 Inline Functions	925	(1)
Appendix 7 Constructor Initialization Section	926	(2)
Appendix 8 Overloading the Array Index Square Brackets	928	(2)
Appendix 9 The this Pointer	930	(3)
Appendix 10 Simulating the bool Type	933	(1)
Appendix 11 Old and New Header Files	934	(1)
Appendix 12 Overloading Operators as Member Operator	935	(2)
Annotated Bibliography for C++ Language and Library Issues	937	(4)
Index	941