Process Intensification

by Reay; Ramshaw; Harvey

• ISBN13: 9780750689410
• ISBN10: 0750689412
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-08-22
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Process intensification (PI) leads to a substantially smaller, cleaner, safer and more energy efficient process technology. For example, the scale reduction made possible by using high gravity fields to separate liquids has seen the reduction of distillation columns from 75m to a four of five metres in height in some areas. PI is a hot topic in chemical and process engineering - and beyond - and is now reaching a maturity that is seeing PI concepts applied to a wide range of processes and technologies. This is the first book to provide a practical working guide to understanding PI and developing successful PI solutions and applications. By demonstrating the broad application of PI this book will be of value to audiences looking to take current technologies into new process areas as well as those looking to further its use in the chemical engineering sector. As well as detailing technologies and practical applications the book focusses on safety, energy and environmental issues, giving guidance on how to incorporate PI in plant design and operation safely, efficiently and effectively. This book provides up to date access to the best current information on PI, both through the world-class experience of the authors and by pinpointing other significant sources of data, equipment and expertise. * Shows chemical and process engineers how to apply process intensification (PI) to their product, process or production line * A hard-working reference and user guide to the technology AND application of PI, covering fundamentals, industry applications, and supplemented my an development and implementation guide * Leading author team, including Professor Colin Ramshaw, developer of the HiGee high gravity distillation process at ICI, who is widely credited as the father of PI

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgements	p. xiii
Introduction	p. xxi
A Brief History of Process Intensification	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Rotating boilers	p. 2
The rotating heat pipe	p. 6
The chemical process industry - the process intensification breakthrough at ICI	p. 8
Separators	p. 10
Reactors	p. 14
Non-chemical industry related applications of rotating heat and mass transfer	p. 16
Where are we today?	p. 18
Summary	p. 18
References	p. 19
Process Intensification - An Overview	p. 21
Introduction	p. 21
What is process intensification?	p. 21
The original ICI PI strategy	p. 24
The advantages of PI	p. 26
Some obstacles to PI	p. 37
A way forward	p. 38
To whet the reader's appetite	p. 39
Equipment summary - finding your way around this book	p. 40
Summary	p. 40
References	p. 44
The Mechanisms involved in Process Intensification	p. 47
Introduction	p. 47
Intensified heat transfer - the mechanisms involved	p. 49
Intensified mass transfer - the mechanisms involved	p. 63
Electrically enhanced processes - the mechanisms	p. 65
Micro-fluidics	p. 70
Pressure	p. 74
Summary	p. 74
References	p. 74
Compact and Micro-Heat Exchangers	p. 77
Introduction	p. 77
Compact heat exchangers	p. 78
Micro-heat exchangers	p. 91
What about small channels?	p. 94
Heat transfer applications of chemical reactions	p. 98
Summary	p. 100
References	p. 100
Reactors	p. 103
Reactor engineering theory	p. 103
Spinning disc reactors	p. 109
Oscillatory baffled reactors (OBRs)	p. 128
Other rotating reactors	p. 137
Micro-reactors (including hex-reactors)	p. 141
Field-enhanced reactions	p. 159
Reactive separations	p. 163
Membrane reactors	p. 167
Supercritical operation	p. 170
Miscellaneous intensified reactor types	p. 172
Summary	p. 180
References	p. 180
Intensification of Separation Processes	p. 187
Introduction	p. 187
Distillation	p. 188
Centrifuges	p. 198
Membranes	p. 201
Drying	p. 203
Precipitation and crystallisation	p. 205
Mop fan/deduster	p. 208
Summary	p. 212
References	p. 212
Intensified Mixing	p. 215
Introduction	p. 215
In-line mixers	p. 216
Mixing on a spinning disc	p. 220
Induction-heated mixer	p. 220
Summary	p. 220
References	p. 221
Application Areas - Petrochemicals and Fine Chemicals	p. 223
Introduction	p. 223
Refineries	p. 225
Bulk chemicals	p. 226
Fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals	p. 250
Bioprocessing or processing of bioderived feedstock	p. 258
Further reading	p. 259
Summary	p. 260
References	p. 260
Application Areas - Offshore Processing	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
Some offshore scenarios	p. 266
Offshore on platforms or subsea	p. 270
FPSO activities	p. 281
Safety offshore - can PI help?	p. 284
Summary	p. 285
References	p. 285
Application Areas - Miscellaneous Process Industries	p. 287
Introduction	p. 287
The nuclear industry	p. 287
The food and drink sector	p. 293
Textiles	p. 303
The metallurgical and glass industries	p. 308
Aerospace	p. 312
Biotechnology	p. 313
Summary	p. 320
References	p. 320
Application Areas - The Built Environment, Electronics and the Home	p. 323
Introduction	p. 323
Refrigeration/heat pumping	p. 324
Power generation	p. 334
Microelectronics	p. 338
Summary	p. 352
References	p. 352
Specifying, Manufacturing and Operating PI Plant	p. 355
Introduction	p. 355
Various approaches to adopting PI	p. 356
Initial assessment	p. 359
Equipment specification	p. 364
Installation features of PI plant	p. 369
Pointers to the successful operation of PI plant	p. 369
The 'systematic' approach to selecting PI technology	p. 370
An application of the methodology to synthesis gas/hydrogen production	p. 375
The ultimate goal - whole plant intensification	p. 384
Summary	p. 386
References	p. 387
Appendices
Abbreviations Used	p. 389
Nomenclature	p. 391
Relevant Review Papers/Texts	p. 393
Equipment Suppliers	p. 397
R&D Organisations, Consultants and Miscellaneous Groups Active in PI	p. 415
A Selection of Other Useful Contact Points, including Networks and Web Sites	p. 429
UK Assistance/information/support programmes	p. 429
Centres of excellence/groupings	p. 430
Patent sources	p. 431
Networks	p. 432
Index	p. 435
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