Programming and Problem Solving With C++

by Weems, Chip; Dale, Nell B.; Headington, Mark R.

• ISBN13: 9780763707989
• ISBN10: 0763707988
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-04-01
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett

Summary

This text, assumes no prior programming experience and is most appropriate for introductory programming courses using C++. Introduction to Programming Computer Science, Introduction to Computer Science

Table of Contents

Preface	v
1 Overview of Programming and Problem Solving	1	(44)
1.1 Overview of Programming	2	(7)
What is Programming	2	(1)
How Do We Write a Program	3	(6)
1.2 What Is a Programming Language	9	(6)
1.3 What Is a Computer	15	(9)
1.4 Ethics and Responsibilities in the Computing Profession	24	(3)
Software Piracy	24	(1)
Privacy of Data	25	(1)
Use of Computer Resources	26	(1)
Software Engineering	27	(1)
1.5 Problem-Solving Techniques	27	(18)
Ask Questions	28	(1)
Look for Things That Are Familiar	28	(1)
Solve by Analogy	28	(1)
Means-Ends Analysis	29	(1)
Divide and Conquer	30	(1)
The Building-Block Approach	30	(1)
Merging Solutions	31	(1)
Mental Blocks: The Fear of Starting	32	(1)
Algorithmic Problem Solving	33	(1)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Leap Year Algorithm	33	(45)
Summary	37	(1)
Quick Check	38	(1)
Answers	39	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	39	(2)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	41	(1)
Case Study Follow-Up	42	(3)
2 C++ Syntax and Semantics, and the Program Development Process	45	(50)
2.1 The Elements of C++ Programs	46	(23)
C++ Program Structure	46	(2)
Syntax and Semantics	48	(3)
Syntax Templates	51	(3)
Naming Program Elements: identifiers	54	(1)
Data and Data Types	55	(3)
Naming Elements: Declarations	58	(5)
Taking Action: Executable Statements	63	(5)
Beyond Minimalism: Adding Comments to a Program	68	(1)
2.2 Program Construction	69	(7)
Blocks (Compound Statements)	71	(2)
The C++ Preprocessor	73	(2)
An Introduction to Namespaces	75	(1)
2.3 More About Output	76	(2)
Creating Blank Lines	76	(1)
Inserting Blanks Within a Line	77	(1)
2.4 Program Entry, Correction, and Execution	78	(17)
Entering a Program	78	(1)
Compiling and Running a Program	79	(2)
Finishing Up	81	(1)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Printing a Chessboard	81	(41)
Testing and Debugging	86	(1)
Summary	87	(1)
Quick Check	87	(1)
Answers	88	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	89	(2)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	91	(2)
Programming Problems	93	(1)
Case Study Follow-Up	94	(1)
3 Numeric Types, Expressions, and Output	95	(44)
3.1 Overview of C++ Data Types	96	(1)
3.2 Numeric Data Types	97	(2)
Integral Types	97	(1)
Floating-Point Types	98	(1)
3.3 Declarations for Numeric Types	99	(2)
Named Constant Declarations	99	(1)
Variable Declarations	100	(1)
3.4 Simple Arithmetic Expressions	101	(4)
Arithmetic Operators	101	(3)
Increment and Decrement Operators	104	(1)
3.5 Compound Arithmetic Expressions	105	(6)
Precedence Rules	105	(1)
Type Coercion and Type Casting	106	(5)
3.6 Function Calls and Library Functions	111	(4)
Value-Returning Functions	111	(2)
Library Functions	113	(1)
Void Functions	114	(1)
3.7 Formatting the Output	115	(7)
Integers and Strings	115	(3)
Floating-Point Numbers	118	(4)
3.8 Additional string Operations	122	(17)
The length and size Functions	122	(2)
The find Function	124	(1)
The substr Functions	125	(3)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Mortgage Payment Calculator	128	(45)
Testing and Debugging	131	(1)
Summary	132	(1)
Quick Check	133	(1)
Answers	133	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	134	(1)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	135	(2)
Programming Problems	137	(1)
Case Study Follow-Up	138	(1)
4 Program Input and the Software Design Process	139	(52)
4.1 Getting Data into Programs	140	(10)
Input Streams and the Extraction Operator (>>)	141	(3)
The Reading Marker and the Newline Character	144	(1)
Reading Character Data with the get Function	145	(3)
Skipping Characters with the ignore Function	148	(1)
Reading String Data	149	(1)
4.2 Interactive Input/Output	150	(2)
4.3 Noninteractive Input/Output	152	(1)
4.4 File Input and Output	153	(7)
Files	153	(1)
Using Files	154	(3)
An Example Program Using Files	157	(2)
Run-Time Input of File Names	159	(1)
4.5 Input Failure	160	(2)
4.6 Software Design Methodologies	162	(1)
4.7 What Are Objects?	163	(2)
4.8 Object-Oriented Design	165	(1)
4.9 Functional Decomposition	166	(2)
Modules	168	(1)
Implementing the Design	169	(4)
A Perspective on Design	173	(1)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Display a Name in Multiple Formats	174	(45)
Testing and Debugging	180	(1)
Testing and Debugging Hints	181	(1)
Summary	182	(1)
Quick Check	183	(1)
Answers	184	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	184	(2)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	186	(2)
Programming Problems	188	(2)
Case Study Follow-Up	190	(1)
5 Conditions, Logical Expressions, and Selection Control Structures	191	(58)
5.1 Flow of Control	192	(2)
Selection	193	(1)
5.2 Conditions and Logical Expressions	194	(13)
The bool Data Type	194	(1)
Logical Expressions	195	(9)
Precedence of Operators	204	(2)
Relational Operators with Floating-Point Types	206	(1)
5.3 The If Statement	207	(7)
The if-Then-Else Form	207	(3)
Blocks (Compound Statements)	210	(2)
The if-Then Form	212	(2)
A Common Mistake	214	(1)
5.4 Nested If Statements	214	(5)
The Dangling else	218	(1)
5.5 Testing the State of an I/O Stream	219	(30)
Problem-Solving Case Study: BM1 Calculator	221	(47)
Testing and Debugging	227	(1)
Testing in the Problem-Solving Phase: The Algorithm Walk-Through	227	(3)
Testing in the Implementation Phase	230	(5)
The Test Plan	235	(3)
Testing and Debugging Hints	238	(2)
Summary	240	(1)
Quick Check	240	(1)
Answers	241	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	241	(2)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	243	(2)
Programming Problems	245	(3)
Case Study Follow-Up	248	(1)
6 Looping	249	(56)
6.1 The While Statement	250	(2)
6.2 Phases of Loop Execution	252	(1)
6.3 Loops Using the While Statement	253	(11)
Count-Controlled Loops	253	(2)
Event-Controlled Loops	255	(6)
Looping Subtasks	261	(3)
6.4 How to Design Loops	264	(4)
Designing the Flow of Control	265	(1)
Designing the Process Within the Loop	266	(1)
The Loop Exit	267	(1)
6.5 Nested Logic	268	(37)
Designing Nested Loops	272	(7)
Problem Solving Case Study: Recording Studio Design	279	(42)
Testing and Debugging	291	(1)
Loop-Testing Strategy	291	(1)
Test Plans Involving Loops	291	(2)
Testing and Debugging Hints	293	(1)
Summary	294	(1)
Quick Check	295	(1)
Answers	296	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	296	(3)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	299	(2)
Programming Problems	301	(2)
Case Study Follow-Up	303	(2)
7 Functions	305	(56)
7.1 Functional Decomposition with Void Functions	306	(6)
When to Use Functions	307	(1)
Writing Modules as Void Functions	307	(5)
7.2 An Overview of User-Defined Functions	312	(3)
Flow of Control in Function Calls	312	(1)
Function Parameters	312	(3)
7.3 Syntax and Semantics of Void Functions	315	(7)
Function Call (Invocation)	315	(1)
Function Declarations and Definitions	316	(2)
Local Variables	318	(2)
The Return Statement	320	(1)
Header Files	321	(1)
7.4 Parameters	322
Value Parameters	323	(1)
Reference Parameters	324	(3)
An Analogy	327	(1)
Matching Arguments with Parameters	328
7.5 Designing Functions	321	(40)
Writing Assertions as Program Comments	333	(2)
Documenting the Direction of Data Flow	335	(5)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Total Cost of Mortgage	340	(39)
Testing and Debugging	346	(1)
The assert Library Function	347	(2)
Testing and Debugging Hints	349	(1)
Summary	350	(1)
Quick Check	350	(1)
Answers	351	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	351	(2)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	353	(2)
Programming Problems	355	(4)
Case Study Follow-Up Answers	359	(2)
8 Scope, Lifetime, and More on Functions	361	(56)
8.1 Scope of Identifiers	362	(10)
Scope Rules	364	(4)
Variable Declarations and Definitions	368	(1)
Namespaces	369	(3)
8.2 Lifetime of a Variable	372	(2)
Initializations in Declarations	372	(2)
8.3 Interface Design	374	(5)
Side Effects	374	(3)
Global Constants	377	(2)
8.4 Value-Returning Functions	379	(38)
Boolean Functions	384	(4)
Interface Design and Side Effects	388	(1)
When to Use Value-Returning Functions	389	(2)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Health Profile	391	(42)
Testing and Debugging	402	(1)
Stubs and Drivers	402	(4)
Testing and Debugging Hints	406	(2)
Summary	408	(1)
Quick Check	408	(1)
Answers	409	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	409	(3)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	412	(2)
Programming Problems	414	(2)
Case Study Follow-Up	416	(1)
9 Additional Control Structures	417	(32)
9.1 The Switch Statement	418	(5)
9.2 The Do-While Statement	423	(3)
9.3 The For Statement	426	(4)
9.4 The Break and Continue Statements	430	(3)
9.5 Guidelines for Choosing a Looping Statement	433	(17)
Problem-Solving Case Study: The Rich Uncle	434	(61)
Testing and Debugging	441	(1)
Testing and Debugging Hints	441	(1)
Summary	442	(1)
Quick Check	442	(1)
Answers	442	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	442	(3)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	445	(1)
Programming Problems	445	(3)
Case Study Follow-Up	448	(1)
10 Simple Data Types: Built-In and User-Defined	449
10.1 Built-In Simple Types	450	(6)
Integral Types	452	(3)
Floating-Point Types	455	(1)
10.2 Additional C++ Operators	456	(8)
Assignment Operators and Assignment Expressions	458	(1)
Increment and Decrement Operators	459	(1)
Bitwise Operators	460	(1)
The Cast Operation	460	(1)
The sizeof Operator	461	(1)
The ?: Operator	461	(1)
Operator Precedence	462	(2)
10.3 Working with Character Data	464	(11)
Character Sets	465	(2)
C++ char Constants	467	(1)
Programming Techniques	468	(7)
10.4 More on Floating-Point Numbers	475	(10)
Representation of Floating-Point Numbers	475	(3)
Arithmetic with Floating-Point Numbers	478	(1)
Implementation of Floating-Point Numbers in the Computer	479	(6)
10.5 User-Defined Simple Types	485	(10)
The Typedef Statement	486	(1)
Enumeration Types	486	(7)
Named and Anonymous Data Types	493	(1)
User-Written Header Files	494	(1)
10.6 More on Type Coercion	495	(25)
Type Coercion in Arithmetic and Relational Expressions	496	(1)
Type Coercion in Assignments, Argument Passing, and Return of a Function Value	497	(2)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Stylistical Analysis of Text	499	(57)
Testing and Debugging	509	(1)
Floating-Point Data	509	(1)
Coping with Input Errors	509	(1)
Testing and Debugging Hints	510	(1)
Summary	511	(1)
Quick Check	512	(1)
Answers	513	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	513	(1)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	514	(1)
Programming Problems	515	(3)
Case Study Follow-Up	518
11 Structured Types, Data Abstraction, and Classes	19	(568)
11.1 Simple Versus Structured Data Types	520	(1)
11.2 Records (Structs)	521	(10)
Accessing Individual Components	523	(2)
Aggregate Operations on Structs	525	(1)
More About Struct Declarations	526	(3)
Binding Like Items 528 Hierarchical Records	529	(2)
11.3 Unions	531	(2)
11.4 Data Abstraction	533	(2)
11.5 Abstract Data Types	535	(3)
11.6 C++ Classes	538	(9)
Classes, Class Objects, and Class Members	542	(1)
Built-in Operations on Class Objects	543	(2)
Class Scope	545	(1)
Information Hiding	545	(2)
11.7 Specification and Implementation File	547	(9)
The Specification File	547	(2)
The Implementation File	549	(5)
Compiling and Linking a Multifile Program	554	(2)
11.8 Guaranteed Initialization with Class Constructors	556	(32)
Invoking a Constructor	558	(1)
Revised Specification and Implementation Files for Time	559	(3)
Guidelines for Using Class Constructors	562	(2)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Abstract Data Type Name	564	(58)
Testing and Debugging	574	(4)
Testing and Debugging Hints	578	(1)
Summary	579	(1)
Quick Check	579	(1)
Answers	580	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	580	(2)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	582	(2)
Programming Problems	584	(2)
Case Study Follow-Up	586	(1)
12 Arrays	587	(74)
12.1 One-Dimensional Arrays	588	(17)
Declaring Arrays	590	(1)
Accessing Individual Components	591	(3)
Out-of-Bounds Array Indexes	594	(1)
Initializing Arrays in Declarations	594	(1)
(Lack of) Aggregate Array Operations	595	(1)
Examples of Declaring and Accessing Arrays	596	(5)
Passing Arrays as Arguments	601	(3)
Assertions About Arrays	604	(1)
Using Typedef with Arrays	604	(1)
12.2 Arrays of Records and Class Objects	605	(3)
Arrays of Records	605	(2)
Arrays of Class Objects	607	(1)
12.3 Special Kinds of Array Processing	608	(1)
Subarray Processing	608	(1)
Indexes with Semantic Content	608	(1)
12.4 Two-Dimensional Arrays	609	(3)
12.5 Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays	612	(6)
Sum the Rows	613	(2)
Sum the Columns	615	(1)
Initialize the Array	616	(1)
Print the Array	617	(1)
12.6 Passing Two-Dimensional Arrays as Arguments	618	(2)
12.7 Another Way of Defining Two-Dimensional Arrays	620	(2)
12.8 Multidimensional Arrays	622	(40)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Calculating Exam Statistics	625	(11)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Favorite Rock Group	636	(60)
Testing and Debugging	645	(1)
One-Dimensional Arrays	645	(1)
Complex Structures	646	(2)
Multidimensional Arrays	648	(1)
Testing and Debugging Hints	649	(1)
Summary	650	(1)
Quick Check	650	(1)
Answers	651	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	652	(2)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	654	(2)
Programming Problems	656	(3)
Case Study Follow-Up	659	(2)
13 Array-Based Lists	661	(62)
13.1 The List as an Abstract Data Type	662	(7)
13.2 Unsorted Lists	669	(12)
Basic Operations	669	(2)
Insertion and Deletion	671	(2)
Sequential Search	673	(3)
Iterators	676	(2)
Sorting	678	(3)
13.3 Sorted Lists	681	(15)
Basic Operations	684	(1)
Insertion	684	(3)
Sequential Search	687	(1)
Binary Search	687	(6)
Deletion	693	(3)
13.4 Understanding Character Strings	696	(28)
Initializing C Strings	699	(1)
C String Input and Output	699	(3)
C String Library Routines	702	(2)
String Class or C Strings?	704	(1)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Calculating Exam Statistics Revisited	705	(52)
Testing and Debugging	716	(1)
Testing and Debugging Hints 716
Summary	717	(1)
Quick Check	717	(1)
Answers	718	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	718	(1)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	719	(1)
Programming Problems	720	(1)
Case Study Follow-Up	721	(2)
14 Object-Oriented Software Development	723	(58)
14.1 Object-Oriented Programming	724	(2)
14.2 Objects	726	(5)
14.3 Inheritance	731	(11)
Deriving One Class from Another	732	(3)
Specification of the ExtTime Class	735	(2)
Implementation of the ExtTime Class	737	(5)
Avoiding Multiple Inclusion of Header Files	742	(1)
14.4 Composition	742	(8)
Design of an Entry Class	743	(6)
Constructor initializer	749	(1)
14.5 Dynamic Binding and Virtual Functions	750	(4)
The Slicing Problem	751	(2)
Virtual Functions	753	(1)
14.6 Object-Oriented Design	754	(3)
Step 1: Identify the Objects and Operations	755	(1)
Step 2: Determine the Relationships Among Objects	756	(1)
Step 3: Design the Driver	756	(1)
14.7 Implementing the Design	757	(25)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Creating an Appointment Calendar	758	(44)
Testing and Debugging	770	(1)
Testing and Debugging Hints	771	(1)
Summary	772	(1)
Quick Check	772	(1)
Answers	773	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	773	(3)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	776	(2)
Programming Problems	778	(2)
Case Study Follow-Up	780	(1)
15 Pointers, Dynamic Data, and Reference Types	781	(64)
15.1 Pointers	782	(10)
Pointer Variables	782	(5)
Pointer Expressions	787	(5)
15.2 Dynamic Data	792	(6)
15.3 Reference Types	798	(4)
15.4 Classes and Dynamic Data	802	(44)
Class Destructors	807	(1)
Shallow Versus Deep Copying	808	(1)
Class Copy-Constructors	809	(4)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Creating an Appointment Calendar Continued	813	(64)
Testing and Debugging	833	(1)
Testing and Debugging Hints	834	(2)
Summary	836	(1)
Quick Check	836	(1)
Answers	837	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	837	(3)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	840	(1)
Programming Problems	841	(2)
Case Study Follow-Up	843	(2)
16 Linked Structures	845	(62)
16.1 Sequential Versus Linked Structures	846	(2)
16.2 Array Representation of a Linked List	848	(2)
16.3 Dynamic Data Representation of a Linked List	850	(27)
Algorithms on Dynamic Linked Lists	856	(18)
Pointer Expression	874	(1)
Classes and Dynamic Linked Lists	875	(2)
16.4 Choice of Data Representation	877	(31)
Problem-Solving Case Study: The Appointment Calendar Completed	879	(47)
Testing and Debugging	899	(1)
Testing and Debugging Hints	899	(1)
Summary	899	(1)
Quick Check	900	(1)
Answers	900	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	900	(2)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	902	(1)
Programming Problems	903	(3)
Case Study Follow-Up	906	(1)
17 Templates and Exceptions	907	(63)
17.1 Template Functions	908	(10)
Function Overloading	908	(3)
Defining a Function Template	911	(1)
Instantiating a Function Template	912	(1)
Enhancing the Print Template	913	(1)
User-Defined Specifications	914	(1)
Organization of Program Code	915	(3)
17.2 Template Classes	918	(8)
Instantiating a Class Template	920	(2)
Organization of Program Code	922	(3)
A Caution	925	(1)
17.3 Exceptions	926	(44)
The throw Statement	927	(2)
The try-catch Statement	929	(3)
Nonlocal Exception Handlers	932	(3)
Re-Throwing an Exception	935	(1)
Standard Exceptions	936	(3)
Back to the Division-by-Zero Problem	939	(1)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Re-Implement SortedList Specification and Enhance Appointment Calendar	940	(52)
Testing and Debugging	960	(1)
Testing and Debugging Hints	960	(1)
Summary	961	(1)
Quick Check	962	(1)
Answers	963	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	964	(1)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	965	(2)
Programming Problems	967	(1)
Case Study Follow-Up	968	(2)
18 Recursion
18.1 What is Recursion?	970	(4)
18.2 Recursive Algorithms with Simple Variables	974	(3)
18.3 Towers of Hanoi	977	(5)
18.4 Recursive Algorithms with Structured Variables	982	(2)
18.5 Recursion Using Pointer Variables	984	(8)
Printing a Dynamic Linked List in Reverse Order	985	(2)
Copying a Dynamic Linked List	987	(5)
18.6 Recursion or Iteration?	992	(21)
Problem-Solving Case Study: Quick sort	993	(18)
Testing and Debugging	1001	(1)
Testing and Debugging Hints	1001	(1)
Summary	1001	(1)
Quick Check	1002	(1)
Answers	1002	(1)
Exam Preparation Exercises	1002	(3)
Programming Warm-Up Exercises	1005	(2)
Programming Problems	1007	(2)
Case Study Follow-Up	1009	(2)
Appendix A Reserved Words	1011	(1)
Appendix B Operator Precedence	1011	(2)
Appendix C A Selection of Standard Library Routines	1013	(10)
C.1 The 1-leader File cassert	1013	(1)
C.2 The Header File cctype	1013	(2)
C.3 The Header File cfloat	1015	(1)
C.4 The Header File climits	1016	(1)
C.5 The Header File cmath	1016	(2)
C.6 The Header File cstddef	1018	(1)
C.7 The Header File cstdlib	1018	(2)
C.8 The Header File cstring	1020	(1)
C.9 The Header File string	1021	(1)
C.10 The Header File sstream	1022	(1)
Appendix D Using This Book with a Prestandard Version of C++	1023	(5)
D.1 The string Type	1023	(1)
D.2 Standard Header Files and Namespaces	1024	(2)
D.3 The fixed and showpoint Manipulators	1026	(1)
D.4 The bool Type	1026	(2)
Appendix E Character Sets	1028	(2)
Appendix F Program Style, Formatting, and Documentation	1030	(9)
F.1 General Guidelines	1031	(1)
F.2 Comments	1031	(3)
F.3 Identifiers	1034	(1)
F.4 Formatting Lines and Expressions	1034	(1)
F.5 Indentation	1035	(4)
Glossary	1039	(10)
Answers to Selected Exercises	1049	(38)
Index	1087