Property Law : Rules, Policies and Practices

by Singer, Joseph William

• ISBN13: 9780735524927
• ISBN10: 0735524920
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Wolters Kluwer

Summary

Joseph Singer's comprehensive Property casebook enters its Third Edition with a reputation for classroom effectiveness and social relevance. Distinguished by its clear explanatory material, Property Law, Third Edition, serves as the foundation for an enlightening and engaging course. Students and instructors nationwide know they can depend on this respected casebook for: a unique viewpoint that combines a socially progressive sensibility with strong ethical coverage full coverage of traditional topics,, such as access, relation among neighbors, common ownership, leaseholds, real estate transactions, land use regulation, and takings, As well as nontraditional topics, such as tribal property, slavery, body parts, frozen embryos, and more cases and problems approach to teaching that promotes learning and class debate extraordinarily clear explication of property rules and concepts This extensive revision features new material as well as refinements and improvements: streamlined note material is more student-friendly a new chapter covers intellectual property as it relates To The Internet, biotechnology, and new reproductive technologies new major cases include A&M Records Inc. v. Napster, Upton v. JWP Businessland, Desnick v. ABC, Inc., Food Lion, Dale v. Boy Scouts of America and Boy Scouts of America v. Dale developments in the law, such as the adoption of the Restatement (Third) of Property (Servitudes) and its effects on the law of easements, covenants, and equitable servitudes, and likely changes To The Fair Housing Act, are incorporated throughout new problems based on recent cases stimulate class discussion

Author Biography

Joseph William Singer is Professor of Law, Harvard University.

Table of Contents

Preface	xli
A Guide to the Book	xlv
How to Brief a Case and Prepare for Class	lxi
Acknowledgments	lxvii
I Access to Property	1	(196)
Competing Claims to Original Acquisition of Property	3	(102)
Conquest	3	(23)
Property Rights Derived from Competing Sovereigns	3	(1)
Johnson v. M'Intosh	4	(11)
Notes and Questions	15	(1)
Forced Seizures of Property from American Indian Nations	15	(1)
Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. United States	15	(6)
Notes and Questions	21	(1)
Current Indian Land Claims	22	(2)
Problem	24	(2)
Government Grant	26	(9)
Homestead Acts and Land Grants	26	(1)
Squatters	27	(1)
Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the Nineteenth-Century United States	27	(2)
James Willard Hurst
Freed Slaves	29	(1)
Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery	29	(3)
Leon Litwack
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by Herself	32	(1)
Harriet A. Jacobs
Notes and Questions	32	(1)
Problem	33	(1)
The Right of Families to Stay Together and Basic Needs Fulfillment	33	(2)
Labor and Investment	35	(28)
News and the Law of Unfair Competition	35	(1)
International News Service v. Associated Press	35	(11)
Notes and Questions	46	(3)
Problems	49	(2)
Patents in Human Genes	51	(1)
Moore v. Regents of the University of California	51	(8)
Notes and Questions	59	(1)
Problem	60	(1)
Work and Family	60	(1)
Upton v. JWP Businessland, Inc.	60	(2)
Notes and Questions	62	(1)
Family	63	(14)
Wills and Inheritance	63	(1)
Babbitt v. Youpee	63	(5)
Notes and Questions	68	(1)
Problem	69	(1)
Marriage	69	(2)
Montana Equitable Distribution Statute	71	(1)
In re Marriage of King	72	(1)
Notes and Questions	73	(2)
Problem	75	(1)
Gifts	76	(1)
Problems	77	(1)
Possession	77	(21)
Wild Animals	77	(1)
Pierson v. Post	78	(3)
Notes and Questions	81	(1)
Oil and Gas	82	(1)
Elliff v. Texon Drilling Co.	82	(5)
The New Property of the Nineteenth Century: The Development of the Modern Concept of Property	87	(2)
Kenneth Vandevelde
Problem	89	(1)
Water	90	(1)
Groundwater	90	(1)
Streams	91	(1)
Problems	92	(1)
Finders	92	(1)
Charrier v. Bell	92	(4)
Notes and Questions	96	(2)
Problems	98	(1)
Transfer: Relativity of Title	98	(7)
Real Property	98	(1)
Tapscott v. Lessee of Cobbs	99	(3)
Notes and Questions	102	(1)
Problem	102	(1)
Personal Property	103	(1)
Problems	104	(1)
Trespass and Public Rights of Access to Property	105	(92)
Trespass	105	(23)
Public Policy Limits on the Right to Exclude	105	(1)
State v. Shack	106	(5)
Desnick v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.	111	(4)
Notes and Questions	115	(3)
Problems	118	(1)
Right of Reasonable Access to Property Open to the Public	119	(1)
Uston v. Resorts International Hotel, Inc.	119	(3)
Spirit-Murdering the Messenger: The Discourse of Fingerpointing as the Law's Response to Racism	122	(1)
Patricia J. Williams
The Intelligent Bayesian	123	(1)
Walter E. Williams
Notes and Questions	124	(2)
Problems	126	(2)
Public Accommodations Statutes and Antidiscrimination Policy	128	(32)
Race, Sex and Sexual Orientation Discrimination	128	(1)
Federal Law	128	(1)
Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title II	128	(1)
Civil Rights Act of 1866	129	(1)
Notes and Questions	130	(4)
The Common Law Tradition: Deciding Appeals	134	(2)
Karl Llewellyn
Problems	136	(1)
State Laws	137	(1)
New Jersey Law Against Discrimination	137	(1)
Dale v. Boy Scouts of America	138	(9)
Notes and Questions	147	(3)
Problems	150	(1)
Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities	151	(1)
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Title III	152	(5)
Problems	157	(3)
Free Speech Rights of Access to Private Property	160	(22)
United States Constitution: The First Amendment	160	(1)
Lloyd Corp., Ltd. v. Tanner	160	(7)
State Constitutions: The Right to Speak Freely	167	(1)
New Jersey Coalition Against War in the Middle East v. J.M.B. Realty Corp.	167	(11)
Notes and Questions	178	(3)
Problems	181	(1)
Beach Access and the Public Trust	182	(9)
Matthews v. Bay Head Improvement Association	182	(6)
Notes and Questions	188	(3)
Problem	191	(1)
The Right to Be Somewhere and the Problem of Homelessness	191	(6)
II Relations Among Neighbors	197	(356)
Adverse Possession	199	(56)
Title versus Possession	199	(22)
Border Disputes	199	(1)
Brown v. Gobble	199	(7)
Color of Title	206	(1)
Romero v. Garcia	206	(2)
Squatters	208	(1)
Nome 2000 v. Fagerstrom	208	(5)
Notes and Questions	213	(8)
Hohfeldian Terminology	221	(5)
Jural Relations and Their Classification	221	(1)
Arthur Corbin
The Legal Rights Debate in Analytical Jurisprudence from Bentham to Hohfeld	222	(2)
Joseph William Singer
Notes and Questions	224	(2)
Justifications for Adverse Possession: ``Roots Which We Should Not Disturb'' or ``Land Piracy''?	226	(6)
Problems	231	(1)
Prescriptive Easements	232	(8)
Community Feed Store, Inc. v. Northeastern Culvert Corp.	232	(4)
Notes and Questions	236	(3)
Problems	239	(1)
Other Informal Ways to Transfer Title to Real Property	240	(12)
The Improving Trespasser	241	(1)
Removal of Encroaching Structure: Relative Hardship	241	(3)
Unjust Enrichment versus Forced Sale	244	(1)
Somerville v. Jacobs	244	(4)
Notes and Questions	248	(1)
Problem	249	(1)
Boundary Settlement	250	(1)
Oral Agreement	250	(1)
Acquiescence	251	(1)
Estoppel	251	(1)
Dedication	251	(1)
Adverse Possession of Personal Property	252	(3)
Problem	253	(2)
Nuisance: Rules Governing Relations Among Neighbors in the Absence of Agreement	255	(104)
Land Use Conflicts Among Neighbors	255	(5)
Trespassory and Nontrespassory Invasions	255	(1)
Basic Solutions to Land Use Conflicts Between Neighbors	256	(1)
Entitlements	256	(1)
Remedies	257	(2)
The Reciprocal Nature of the Problem	259	(1)
The Problem of Social Cost	259	(1)
Ronald Coase
Notes and Questions	259	(1)
Water Rights	260	(12)
Diffuse Surface Water: Flooding Problems	260	(1)
Legal Doctrines	260	(1)
Armstrong v. Francis Corp.	260	(5)
Notes and Questions	265	(1)
Policy Arguments	266	(1)
Rights: Freedom of Action versus Security	267	(1)
Social Utility: Competition versus Secure Investment	268	(2)
Formal Realizability or Administrability: Rigid Rules versus Flexible Standards	270	(2)
Problem	272	(1)
Water as a Commercial Resource	272	(1)
Support Easements	272	(33)
Lateral Support	273	(1)
Common Law	273	(1)
Noone v. Price	273	(5)
Notes and Questions	278	(2)
Building Codes and Private Rights of Action	280	(1)
Massachusetts General Laws	280	(1)
Massachusetts Building Code	281	(1)
Notes and Questions	281	(1)
Problem	282	(1)
Subjacent Support	282	(1)
Right to Dig versus Right to Support	282	(1)
Friendswood Development Co. v. Smith-Southwest Industries, Inc.	282	(8)
Notes and Questions	290	(3)
Problems	293	(1)
Precedent	294	(1)
The Bramble Bush	294	(5)
Karl Llewellyn
Judicial Role	299	(1)
Courts, Legislatures and Paternalism	299	(4)
David Shapiro
Catcher in the Rye Jurisprudence	303	(2)
Joseph William Singer
Nuisance	305	(54)
Protection of Use and Enjoyment of Land	305	(3)
Radiation: Defining Unreasonable Land Use	308	(1)
Page County Appliance Center, Inc. v. Honeywell, Inc.	308	(3)
Notes and Questions	311	(7)
Problems	318	(1)
Light and Air	319	(1)
Rejection of Nuisance Doctrine: No Easement for Light and Air	319	(1)
Fontainebleau Hotel Corp. v. Forty-Five Twenty-Five, Inc.	319	(2)
Law and Economics	321	(20)
Nuisance Doctrine Applied to Light	341	(1)
Prah v. Maretti	341	(6)
Notes and Questions	347	(2)
Arguments and Counterarguments	349	(10)
Servitudes: Public Regulation of Private Agreements Restricting Land Use	359	(194)
Servitudes	359	(3)
Licenses	362	(1)
Easements	363	(51)
Creation by Implication	363	(1)
Easements by Estoppel (Irrevocable Licenses)	363	(1)
Holbrook v. Taylor	363	(3)
Constructive Trusts	366	(1)
Rase v. Castle Mountain Ranch, Inc.	366	(6)
Notes and Questions	372	(5)
Problem	377	(1)
Prescriptive Easements	377	(1)
Easements Implied from Prior Use	377	(1)
Granite Properties Limited Partnership v. Manns	377	(7)
Easements by Necessity	384	(1)
Finn v. Williams	384	(2)
Notes and Questions	386	(3)
Problem	389	(1)
Creation by Express Agreement	390	(1)
Historical Background	390	(1)
Formal Requirements to Create	390	(1)
Writing	390	(1)
Rule Against Reserving an Easement in a Third Party	391	(1)
Validity: Substantive Limitations on the Kinds of Easements That Can Be Created	392	(1)
Limits on Negative Easements	392	(1)
No Affirmative Easements to Act on One's Own Land	393	(1)
Running with the Land	394	(1)
Requirements for the Burden to Run with the Land	394	(2)
Requirements for the Benefit to Run with the Land (Appurtenant versus In Gross)	396	(1)
Green v. Lupo	396	(3)
Notes and Questions	399	(1)
Interpretation of Ambiguous Easements: Scope and Apportionment	400	(1)
Appurtenant Easements	400	(1)
Cox v. Glenbrook Company	400	(6)
Easements in Gross	406	(1)
Henley v. Continental Cablevision of St. Louis County, Inc.	406	(3)
Notes and Questions	409	(3)
Problems	412	(1)
Modifying and Terminating Easements	413	(1)
Covenants	414	(69)
Historical Background	414	(2)
Creation of Covenants	416	(1)
Express Agreement	416	(1)
Whitinsville Plaza v. Kotseas	416	(6)
Notes and Questions	422	(19)
Problem	441	(1)
Implied Reciprocal Negative Servitudes in Residential Subdivisions	442	(1)
Evans v. Pollock	443	(4)
Sanborn v. McLean	447	(3)
Riley v. Bear Creek Planning Committee	450	(6)
Notes and Questions	456	(3)
Problems	459	(2)
Interpretation of Ambiguous Covenants	461	(1)
Blevins v. Barry-Lawrence County Association for Retarded Citizens	461	(3)
Notes and Questions	464	(3)
Problem	467	(1)
Modifying and Terminating Covenants	467	(1)
Changed Conditions	467	(1)
El Di, Inc. v. Town of Bethany Beach	467	(4)
Notes and Questions	471	(2)
Relative Hardship	473	(1)
Other Equitable Defenses	474	(1)
Problems	475	(1)
Statutes	476	(1)
Massachusetts General Laws	477	(1)
Blakeley v. Gorin	477	(5)
Notes and Questions	482	(1)
Problems	482	(1)
Regulation of Covenants and Homeowners Associations	483	(70)
Common Interest Communities	483	(1)
Homeowners Associations and Condominiums	483	(2)
Cooperatives	485	(1)
Community Land Trusts and Limited Equity Coops	485	(2)
Private Governments and Gated Communities	487	(1)
Relations Between Unit Owners and Developers	488	(1)
Appel v. Presley Companies	488	(3)
Notes and Questions	491	(1)
Racially Discriminatory Covenants	492	(1)
Shelley v. Kraemer	493	(6)
Evans v. Abney	499	(9)
Notes and Questions	508	(3)
Problems	511	(1)
Restraints on Alienation	511	(1)
Direct Restraints on Alienation	512	(1)
Horse Pond Fish & Game Club, Inc. v. Cormier	512	(3)
Consent to Sell Provisions	515	(1)
Grantor Consent Clauses	515	(1)
Northwest Real Estate Co. v. Serio	515	(1)
Riste v. Eastern Washington Bible Camp, Inc.	516	(2)
Consent of the Association	518	(1)
Aquarian Foundation, Inc. v. Sholom House, Inc.	518	(3)
Rights of First Refusal or Preemptive Rights	521	(1)
Wolinsky v. Kadison	521	(3)
Notes and Questions	524	(6)
Problem	530	(1)
Restrictions on Leasing	530	(1)
Breene v. Plaza Towers Association	530	(3)
Notes and Questions	533	(1)
Anticompetitive Covenants	534	(2)
Problem	536	(1)
Public Policy Limitations and Review for Reasonableness	537	(1)
Covenants	537	(1)
Davidson Brothers, Inc. v. D. Katz & Sons, Inc.	537	(6)
Notes and Questions	543	(2)
Problems	545	(1)
Rules and By-Laws	546	(1)
O'Buck v. Cottonwood Village Condominium Association, Inc.	546	(4)
Notes and Questions	550	(1)
Problems	551	(2)
III Common Ownership of Property	553	(180)
Present Estates and Future Interests	555	(84)
Division of Ownership Over Time	555	(3)
Historical Background: From Feudalism to the Market	558	(11)
A Modern Analogy	558	(1)
The Feudal Hierarchy	559	(1)
Free Tenures	560	(1)
Tenures and Services	560	(1)
Feudal Incidents	560	(1)
Unfree Tenures	561	(1)
Growth of the Free Simple	562	(1)
Inheritability	562	(1)
Alienability	562	(1)
Avoiding Feudal Incidents	563	(1)
The Perpetual Conflict Between the Generations: Dead Hand Control and Alienability	564	(2)
Historical Categories of Current Significance	566	(1)
Freehold and Nonfreehold Interests	566	(1)
Legal and Equitable Interests: Executory Interests and the Development of Trusts	566	(3)
The Estates System	569	(11)
Fee Simple Interests	569	(1)
Fee Simple Absolute	569	(1)
Defeasible Fees	569	(3)
Life Estates	572	(1)
Reversions and Remainders	572	(1)
Contingent and Vested Remainders	573	(2)
Destructibility of Contingent Remainders	575	(1)
Doctrine of Worthier Title	576	(1)
Rule in Shelley's Case	576	(1)
Fee Tail	577	(1)
Regulation of Future Interests	577	(1)
Trusts	578	(1)
Summary	578	(1)
Estates System: Chart of Freehold Interests	579	(1)
Interpretation of Ambiguous Conveyances	580	(14)
Presumption Against Forfeitures and the Grantor's Intent	580	(1)
Fee Simple versus Defeasible Fee	580	(1)
Wood v. Board of County Commissioners of Fremont County	580	(2)
Cathedral of the Incarnation in the Diocese of Long Island, Inc. v. Garden City Company	582	(4)
Fee Simple versus Life Estate	586	(1)
Edwards v. Bradley	586	(2)
Notes and Questions	588	(4)
Trusts and the Cy Pres Doctrine	592	(2)
Regulatory Rules	594	(45)
Rule Against Creation of New Estates	594	(1)
Johnson v. Whiton	595	(1)
Rule Against Unreasonable Restraints on Alienation	596	(1)
Rule Against Perpetuities	596	(1)
Traditional Rule	596	(5)
Modern Modifications	601	(1)
Wait and See, or Second Look	601	(1)
Equitable Reformation or Cy Pres	601	(1)
Statutory Limits on Future Interests	602	(1)
Statutory Cut-offs for Possibilities of Reverter and Rights of Entry	602	(1)
Marketable Title Acts	603	(1)
Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities	603	(1)
Abolition of the Rule	604	(1)
Examples and Explanations	604	(5)
Options to Purchase	609	(1)
Central Delaware County Authority v. Greyhound Corp.	609	(4)
Texaco Refining and Marketing, Inc. v. Samowitz	613	(1)
Preemptive Rights	614	(1)
Cambridge Co. v. East Slope Investment Corp.	614	(4)
Notes and Questions	618	(4)
Problem	622	(1)
Waste	622	(1)
Moore v. Phillips	622	(4)
Notes and Questions	626	(1)
Racial Conditions	627	(2)
Problem	629	(2)
Rule Against Unreasonable Restraints on Marriage	631	(1)
Lewis v. Searles	631	(4)
Re-Reading Contracts: A Feminist Analysis of a Contracts Casebook	635	(1)
Mary Joe Frug
Notes and Questions	636	(3)
Concurrent Ownership and Family Property	639	(94)
Varieties of Common Ownership	639	(1)
Rights and Obligations of Co-Owners	640	(6)
Tenancy in Common and Joint Tenancy	640	(6)
Tenancy by the Entirety	646	(1)
Conflicts over Rent and Possession	646	(4)
Olivas v. Olivas	646	(3)
Notes and Questions	649	(1)
Problem	649	(1)
Conflits over Transfers by One Co-Owner	650	(15)
Tenancy in Common and Joint Tenancy	650	(1)
Family Conflicts over Use of Common Property	650	(1)
Carr v. Deking	650	(2)
Death	652	(1)
Tenhet v. Boswell	652	(3)
Divorce	655	(1)
Kresha v. Kresha	655	(2)
Notes and Questions	657	(2)
Problem	659	(1)
Tenancy by the Entirety	659	(1)
Sawada v. Endo	659	(4)
Notes and Questions	663	(1)
Problem	664	(1)
Marital Property	665	(23)
Historical Background	665	(1)
Coverture, Dower and Curtesy	665	(1)
Married Women's Property Acts	666	(1)
Community Property and Separate Property	667	(1)
Separate Property	668	(1)
During Marriage	668	(1)
On Divorce	668	(1)
On Death	669	(1)
Community Property	669	(1)
During Marriage	669	(1)
On Divorce	670	(1)
On Death	670	(1)
Premarital Agreements	670	(1)
Marital Breakup	671	(1)
Equitable Distribution of ``Property'' Acquired During Marriage	671	(1)
O'Brien v. O'Brien	671	(7)
Notes and Questions	678	(3)
Problem	681	(1)
Rights in the Family Home	681	(1)
Community Property: The Problem of the Migratory Couple	681	(1)
Pacific Gamble Robinson Co. v. Lapp	681	(5)
Problems	686	(1)
Homestead Laws	687	(1)
Unmarried Partners	688	(16)
Male-Female Couples	688	(1)
Watts v. Watts	688	(4)
An Essay in the Deconstruction of Contract Doctrine	692	(4)
Clare Dalton
Notes and Questions	696	(5)
Same-Sex Partners	701	(1)
Marriage	701	(1)
Property Division on Breaking Up	702	(1)
Problems	703	(1)
Children's Claims on Family Assets	704	(6)
Child Support	704	(1)
Bayliss v. Bayliss	704	(4)
Notes and Questions	708	(1)
The Family's Right to Live Together	709	(1)
Wills and Inheritance	709	(1)
Forfeiture	710	(23)
Domestic Violence and Protective Orders	710	(1)
Wisconsin Domestic Abuse Restraining Order Statute	710	(2)
Cote v. Cote	712	(2)
Problem	714	(1)
Forfeiture for a Family Member's Illegal Conduct	714	(1)
United States v. Leasehold Interest in 121 Nostrand Avenue	714	(7)
Bennis v. Michigan	721	(5)
United States v. Sixty Acres in Etowah County	726	(2)
Notes and Questions	728	(5)
IV Regulation of the Market for Shelter	733	(350)
Leaseholds	735	(124)
Leasehold Estates	735	(22)
Types of Tenancies	735	(1)
Commercial and Residential Tenancies	735	(1)
Categories of Tenancies	736	(1)
Statute of Frauds	737	(1)
Regulation of Landlord-Tenant Relationships	737	(1)
Identifying Landlord-Tenant Relationships: Self-Help versus Judicial Process	738	(1)
New Jersey Anti-Eviction Act	739	(2)
Vasquez v. Glassboro Service Association, Inc.	741	(6)
Justice and the Law of Contracts: A Case for the Traditional Approach	747	(2)
Alan Schwartz
Bargaining, Duress, and Economic Liberty	749	(5)
Robert Hale
Notes and Questions	754	(2)
Problems	756	(1)
Conflicts About Rent	757	(24)
Landlord's Right to Receive Rent	757	(1)
Landlord's Remedies When Tenant Breaches and Refuses to Leave: Summary Process	758	(2)
Landlord's Remedies When Tenant Breaches and Leaves	760	(1)
Landlord's Duty to Mitigate Damages	760	(2)
Sommer v. Kridel	762	(5)
Notes and Questions	767	(2)
Problem	769	(1)
Regulation of Security Deposits	770	(1)
Rent Control	770	(1)
Statutory Interpretation: Who Is Protected?	770	(1)
Braschi v. Stahl Associates	770	(4)
Notes and Questions	774	(2)
Problems	776	(1)
The Economics of Rent Control	777	(1)
The Argument Against Rent Control	777	(2)
The Argument for Rent Control	779	(2)
Conflicts About Occupancy	781	(24)
Landlord's Duty to Deliver Possession	781	(1)
Tenant's Right to Leave and Transfer the Leasehold versus Landlord's Right to Control Occupancy	782	(1)
Transfer of the Landlord's Reversion	782	(1)
Tenant's Right to Assign or Sublet	783	(1)
When the Lease Is Silent	783	(2)
When the Lease Requires the Landlord's Consent	785	(1)
Kendall v. Ernest Pestana, Inc.	785	(7)
Slavin v. Rent Control Board of Brookline	792	(2)
Notes and Questions	794	(2)
Problems	796	(1)
Tenant's Good Faith Duty to Operate	797	(1)
The College Block v. Atlantic Richfield Co.	797	(2)
Notes and Questions	799	(1)
Problem	800	(1)
Tenant's Right to Stay versus Landlord's Right to Recover Possession	801	(1)
Just Cause Eviction	802	(1)
Private Housing Market	802	(1)
New Jersey Anti-Eviction Act	802	(1)
Problem	803	(1)
Publicly Subsidized Housing	804	(1)
Regulation of Condominium Conversion	805	(1)
Tenant's Right to Habitable Premises	805	(54)
The Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment and Constructive Eviction	805	(1)
Minjak Co. v. Randolph	805	(3)
Blackett v. Olannoff	808	(2)
Notes and Questions	810	(4)
Problem	814	(1)
Implied Warranty of Habitability	814	(1)
Doctrinal Development	814	(1)
Javins v. First National Realty Corp.	815	(7)
Notes and Questions	822	(3)
Problems	825	(1)
Arguments and Counterarguments on Compulsory Contract Terms	826	(8)
Retaliatory Eviction	834	(1)
Hillview Associates v. Bloomquist	834	(5)
Imperial Colliery Co. v. Fout	839	(3)
Notes and Questions	842	(4)
Problems	846	(1)
Landlord's Liability to Tenants	847	(1)
Consumer Protection Legislation	847	(1)
Problem	848	(1)
Landlord's Tort Liability to Tenants	848	(3)
Problems	851	(1)
Professional Responsibility Issues in Eviction Litigation	852	(1)
Legal Realism for Lawyers	852	(1)
David B. Wilkins
Notes and Questions	853	(1)
Model Rules of Professional Conduct	854	(2)
Problems	856	(3)
Real Estate Transactions	859	(80)
Structure of the Transaction	859	(15)
Attorney's Role	859	(1)
Brokers	860	(4)
Sales Contract	864	(1)
Executory Period	865	(1)
Closing	866	(1)
After the Closing	867	(1)
Sample Offer to Purchase Real Estate	868	(1)
Sample Purchase and Sale Agreement	869	(4)
Sample Deed	873	(1)
Sales Contract	874	(25)
Formalities: Statute of Frauds versus Part Performance and Estoppel	874	(1)
Burns v. McCormick	874	(2)
Hickey v. Green	876	(3)
Gardner v. Gardner	879	(1)
Notes and Questions	880	(4)
What Constitutes a Breach of the Contract	884	(1)
Misrepresentation and Fraudulent Nondisclosure	884	(1)
Johnson v. Davis	884	(4)
Notes and Questions	888	(6)
Problem	894	(1)
Seller's Failure to Provide Marketable Title	895	(1)
Seller's Breach of Warranty of Habitability	896	(1)
Buyer's Failure to Make Good Faith Efforts to Obtain Financing	896	(1)
Remedies for Breach of the Purchase and Sale Agreement	896	(1)
Buyer's Remedies	896	(1)
Seller's Remedies	897	(1)
Risk of Loss During the Executory Period: Equitable Conversion	898	(1)
Deeds and Title Protection	899	(22)
Formalities	899	(1)
Essential Terms	899	(1)
Delivery	900	(1)
Title Covenants	901	(1)
Warranties of Title	901	(1)
Remedies for Breach of Warranty of Title	902	(1)
Recording Acts	903	(1)
The Recording System	903	(2)
How to Conduct a Title Search	905	(1)
Types of Recording Acts	906	(1)
Chain of Title Problems	907	(1)
Sabo v. Horvath	907	(3)
Notes and Questions	910	(3)
Problems	913	(1)
Fraud and Forgery	914	(1)
Martin v. Carter	914	(2)
McCoy v. Love	916	(1)
Notes and Questions	917	(2)
Marketable Title Acts	919	(1)
Title Insurance	919	(1)
Title Registration	920	(1)
Real Estate Finance	921	(18)
Mortgages	921	(1)
Debtor Protection Legislation	921	(4)
Regulating the Foreclosure Process	925	(1)
Central Financial Services, Inc. v. Spears	925	(2)
Problems	927	(1)
Installment Land Contracts	928	(1)
Forfeiture	929	(1)
Stonebraker v. Zinn	929	(2)
Making Mortgage Protection Nondisclaimable	931	(1)
Sebastian v. Floyd	931	(1)
Notes and Questions	932	(3)
Equitable Mortgages	935	(1)
Koenig v. Van Reken	935	(2)
Notes and Questions	937	(1)
Problem	938	(1)
Fair Housing Law	939	(104)
Intentional Discrimination or Discriminatory Treatment	939	(58)
Race Discrimination	939	(1)
Fair Housing Act	939	(1)
Fair Housing Act, 42 U.S.C. §§3601-3631	939	(6)
Discrimination by Housing Providers	945	(1)
Asbury v. Brougham	945	(5)
United States v. Starrett City Associates	950	(4)
Notes and Questions	954	(4)
Problems	958	(1)
Civil Rights Act of 1866	959	(1)
City of Memphis v. Greene	960	(1)
Problem	961	(1)
Sex Discrimination: Sexual Harassment	962	(1)
Grieger v. Sheets	962	(1)
Notes and Questions	963	(2)
Problems	965	(1)
Discrimination Based on Family Status	965	(1)
Familial Status: Families with Children	965	(1)
Human Rights Commission v. LaBrie, Inc.	965	(5)
Problems	970	(1)
Marital Status: Unmarried Couples	971	(1)
McCready v. Hoffius	971	(7)
Notes and Questions	978	(4)
Problems	982	(1)
Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation	982	(1)
State ex rel. Sprague v. City of Madison	982	(2)
Notes and Questions	984	(2)
Problems	986	(1)
Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities	987	(1)
Persons with AIDS	987	(1)
Poff v. Caro	987	(1)
Notes and Questions	988	(2)
Reasonable Accommodation of Persons with Disabilities	990	(2)
Problems	992	(1)
Economic Discrimination	993	(1)
Welfare Recipients	993	(1)
Attorney General v. Brown	993	(2)
Discrimination Based on Income	995	(2)
Disparate Impact Claims	997	(46)
Racially Discriminatory Zoning Practices	997	(1)
Huntington Branch, NAACP v. Town of Huntington	997	(7)
Notes and Questions	1004	(4)
Problem	1008	(1)
Sex Discrimination: Shelters for Battered Women	1008	(1)
Doe v. City of Butler	1008	(2)
Problems	1010	(1)
Nontraditional Families	1011	(1)
Restrictive Covenants	1011	(1)
Exclusionary Zoning	1011	(1)
Federal Constitution	1011	(1)
Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas	1011	(4)
State Constitutions	1015	(1)
Charter Township of Delta v. Dinolfo	1015	(2)
Notes and Questions	1017	(2)
Fair Housing Act	1019	(1)
Problem	1019	(1)
Group Homes for Persons with Disabilities	1019	(1)
AIDS Hospices	1019	(1)
Association of Relatives and Friends of AIDS Patients (AFAPS) v. Regulations and Permits Administration, or Administracion de Reglamentos y Permisos (ARPE)	1019	(2)
Group Homes for Persons with Mental Illness	1021	(1)
Familystyle of St. Paul, Inc. v. City of St. Paul	1021	(2)
Notes and Questions	1023	(4)
Problems	1027	(1)
Sexual Orientation	1028	(1)
Problem	1028	(1)
Religion	1028	(1)
Problems	1029	(1)
National Origin Discrimination	1029	(1)
Problem	1029	(1)
Land Use Regulation and Low-Income Families	1030	(1)
Exclusionary Zoning	1030	(1)
Southern Burlington County, NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel	1030	(9)
Notes and Questions	1039	(3)
Homelessness	1042	(1)
Zoning: Governmental Land Use Planning	1043	(40)
The Planning Process	1043	(5)
Legislative Process: Enacting the Zoning Ordinance	1043	(1)
Zoning Enabling Acts	1043	(1)
The Comprehensive Plan and Zoning Ordinance	1044	(1)
Planned Unit Developments	1045	(1)
Conditional or Contract Zoning	1045	(2)
Administrative Procedures: The Zoning Board of Adjustment	1047	(1)
Zoning: Police Power and Property Rights	1048	(23)
Historical Background	1048	(7)
Limits to Zoning Laws Designed to Protect Preexisting Property Rights	1055	(1)
Prior Nonconforming Uses	1055	(1)
Town of Belleville v. Parrillo's, Inc.	1055	(3)
Variances	1058	(1)
Commons v. Westwood Zoning Board of Adjustment	1058	(6)
Notes and Questions	1064	(1)
Vested Rights	1065	(1)
Stone v. City of Wilton	1065	(4)
Problems	1069	(1)
Limits on Preferential Zoning	1070	(1)
Special Exceptions	1070	(1)
Spot Zoning	1071	(1)
Ethical Issues in Real Estate Development: SLAPP Suits	1071	(3)
Problem	1073	(1)
Environmental Regulations: Liability of Property Owners for Cleanup of Hazardous Waste	1074	(9)
Acme Laundry Co. v. Secretary of Environmental Affairs	1076	(7)
V Property and Sovereignty	1083	(118)
Regulatory Takings Law	1085	(98)
Property as a Mediator Between Citizens and the State	1085	(2)
Defining versus Defending Property Rights	1085	(2)
Historical Background	1087	(1)
Takings	1087	(77)
Physical Invasions	1087	(1)
PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robins	1087	(4)
Yee v. City of Escondido	1091	(4)
Notes and Questions	1095	(7)
Problems	1102	(1)
Expropriation	1103	(1)
Seizures of Core Property Rights	1103	(1)
Babbitt v. Youpee	1103	(1)
Notes and Questions	1104	(3)
Problem	1107	(1)
Forfeiture and the Innocent Owner	1108	(1)
Notes and Questions	1108	(1)
Deprivation of Economically Viable Use	1108	(1)
Miller v. Schoene	1108	(2)
Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council	1110	(16)
Notes and Questions	1126	(4)
Balancing Test	1130	(14)
Problems	1144	(2)
Judicial Takings	1146	(2)
Exactions and Linkage Requirements	1148	(1)
Dolan v. City of Tigard	1148	(13)
Notes and Questions	1161	(3)
Just Compensation	1164	(10)
Almota Farmers Elevator & Warehouse v. United States	1164	(4)
United States v. 564.54 Acres of Land, More or Less	1168	(3)
Notes and Questions	1171	(3)
Public Use	1174	(9)
Federal Constitution	1174	(1)
Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff	1174	(5)
Poletown Neighborhood Council v. City of Detroit	1179	(3)
State Constitutions	1182	(1)
American Indian Nations	1183	(18)
History of Federal Indian Law	1183	(3)
Original Indian Title	1186	(1)
``Title of Occupancy''	1186	(1)
Takings Doctrine	1187	(1)
Recognized Title	1187	(13)
Treaty Abrogation	1187	(1)
Treaty with the Cherokees (February 14, 1883)	1187	(1)
Statement to the Lake Mohonk Conference Supporting the Dawes Act (1885)	1187	(1)
Lyman Abbott
The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians	1187	(1)
Francis Paul Prucha
Takings Doctrine	1188	(1)
United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians	1188	(10)
Notes and Questions	1198	(2)
Current Indian Land Claims	1200	(1)
Restricted Trust Allotments	1200	(1)
VI Beyond Real Property	1201	(100)
Business Property	1203	(28)
Partnerships	1203	(6)
Meinhard v. Salmon	1203	(5)
Notes and Questions	1208	(1)
Problem	1208	(1)
Franchises	1209	(7)
Westfield Centre Service, Inc. v. Cities Service Oil Co.	1209	(4)
Notes and Questions	1213	(3)
Corporations: Stakeholders and Corporate Property	1216	(15)
Local 1330, United Steel Workers of America v. United States Steel Corporation	1216	(5)
Notes and Questions	1221	(7)
Problem	1228	(3)
Intellectual Property	1231	(32)
Property in Ideas	1231	(1)
Unfair Competition and Misappropriation	1232	(1)
Trademark Law	1232	(7)
Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co.	1233	(4)
Notes and Questions	1237	(1)
Problem	1238	(1)
Copyright Law	1239	(8)
Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co., Inc.	1239	(4)
Notes and Questions	1243	(2)
Problems	1245	(2)
Patent Law	1247	(1)
Property in Genetic Information	1247	(1)
Business Methods	1247	(1)
Publicity Rights	1248	(12)
Center for Social Change v. American Heritage Products	1248	(9)
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Notes and Questions	1257	(2)
Problems	1259	(1)
Moral Rights	1260	(3)
Property in People	1263	(38)
Property Rights in Human Beings	1263	(1)
Slavery	1264	(15)
Dred Scott v. Sandford	1264	(4)
Race and History: Selected Essays 1938-1988	1268	(1)
John Hope Franklin
Surrogacy, Slavery, and the Ownership of Life	1269	(2)
Anita L. Allen
Status, Contract, and Promises Unkept	1271	(6)
Aviam Soifer
Notes and Questions	1277	(2)
Children	1279	(9)
In the Matter of Baby M	1279	(6)
Notes and Questions	1285	(3)
Frozen Embryos	1288	(5)
Body Parts and Human Genes	1293	(1)
American Indian Human Remains	1293	(8)
Wana the Bear v. Community Construction, Inc.	1293	(2)
Talking God	1295	(1)
Tony Hillerman
Notes and Questions	1296	(2)
Problems	1298	(3)
Table of Cases	1301	(16)
Table of Statutes	1317	(8)
Index	1325