The Prosody of Greek Speech

by Devine, A. M.; Stephens, Laurence D.

• ISBN13: 9780195085464
• ISBN10: 0195085469
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1994-12-01
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

The reconstruction of the prosody of a dead language is, on the face of it, an almost impossible undertaking. However, once a general theory of prosody has been developed from reliable data in living languages, it is possible to exploit texts as sources of answers to questions that wouldnormally be answered in the laboratory. In this work, the authors interpret the evidence of Greek verse texts and musical settings in the framework of a theory of prosody based on crosslinguistic evidence and experimental phonetic and psycholinguistic data, and reconstruct the syllable structure,rhythm, accent, phrasing, and intonation of classical Greek speech. Sophisticated statistical analyses are employed to support an impressive range of new findings which relate not only to phonetics and phonology, but also to pragmatics and the syntax-phonology interface.

Author Biography

A. M. Devine is Professor of Classics at Stanford University.

Table of Contents

Abbreviations	p. xvii
The Physiology of Prosody	p. 3
Overview	p. 3
Neurology	p. 4
Respiration	p. 7
Chest pulses	p. 9
Arrested syllables	p. 10
Phonation	p. 11
Glottal aperture	p. 11
Fundamental frequency	p. 12
Pitch range	p. 15
Articulation	p. 15
Vowels	p. 16
Consonants	p. 18
The Syllable	p. 21
Sonority	p. 22
Sonority sequencing	p. 23
Syllabification	p. 24
Indeterminacy	p. 25
The syllable as a perceptual unit	p. 26
Syllable demarcation	p. 26
Muta cum liquida	p. 31
Greek Syllable Division	p. 32
Metrical evidence	p. 32
Sonority	p. 34
Morphology	p. 35
Orthographic evidence	p. 36
Linguistic evidence	p. 39
VCCV	p. 41
VCCCV, VCCCCV	p. 42
Syllable Duration and Weight	p. 43
Nonce durations	p. 45
Idiolect and tempo	p. 45
Subcategorical differences	p. 46
The mora	p. 47
Submoraic distinctions	p. 49
Method of investigation	p. 52
Syllable onset	p. 53
Muta cum liquida	p. 59
Intrinsic vowel duration	p. 61
Contextual vowel duration	p. 64
Intrinsic consonant duration	p. 66
Contextual consonant duration	p. 67
Rime structure	p. 68
Light syllables	p. 69
Heavy syllables	p. 70
Superheavy syllables	p. 76
Prepausal location	p. 79
Conclusion	p. 84
Rhythm	p. 85
The Psychology of Rhythm	p. 85
Rhythm in Speech	p. 92
Phonological evidence	p. 92
Syllable	p. 93
Foot	p. 95
Word length effect	p. 98
Iambic vs. trochaic	p. 98
Evidence for Greek Speech Rhythm	p. 99
Language and metre	p. 99
A Theory of Greek Speech Rhythm	p. 117
Mapping	p. 121
Principles of pattern structure	p. 123
Mapping rules	p. 127
Light syllable prolongation	p. 129
Subordination	p. 131
Matrix formation	p. 132
Heavy syllable prolongation	p. 135
Ratio of light to heavy syllable	p. 141
Text frequency	p. 141
Category	p. 143
Prepausal location	p. 143
Postpausal location	p. 145
Demarcation	p. 146
Accent calculus	p. 152
Conclusion	p. 156
Pitch	p. 157
Pitch and F[subscript 0]	p. 157
Production and perception	p. 158
Speech Tone and Song Melody	p. 160
Word melody	p. 160
Speech tone in song	p. 162
Mismatches	p. 166
Strophic verse, genre	p. 167
Stress and song	p. 170
Pitch in Accented and Unaccented Syllables	p. 171
Dionysius	p. 171
The Delphic hymns	p. 172
Intrinsic F[subscript 0]	p. 173
Contextual F[subscript 0]	p. 176
Grave accent	p. 180
Mid-High-Low contour	p. 183
Intramoraic peak location	p. 185
Number of morae in rise and fall	p. 185
Slope	p. 187
Secondary rise	p. 189
Resonants	p. 191
Word Prosody	p. 195
Intensity	p. 195
Pitch in word prosody	p. 198
Tone languages	p. 199
Restricted tone languages	p. 200
Stress languages	p. 204
Pitch differentiated stress	p. 206
Low-toned stress and dislocation	p. 208
Pitch accent languages	p. 211
Development of the Stress Accent	p. 215
Segmental evidence	p. 216
Metrical evidence	p. 219
Musical evidence	p. 220
Conclusion	p. 223
Connected Speech	p. 224
Rate and Style of Speech	p. 224
Domains	p. 225
Prosodic readjustment	p. 226
Durational ratios	p. 227
Articulatory strategy	p. 228
Segmental reduction	p. 229
Tone	p. 230
Style of speech	p. 231
Variation in verse	p. 232
The Syllable in Connected Speech	p. 234
Resyllabification	p. 235
Perception of resyllabification	p. 236
Domains of resyllabification	p. 237
From coda to onset	p. 238
Domain of coda to onset resyllabification	p. 240
From onset to coda	p. 243
Domain of onset to coda resyllabification	p. 246
Segmental modification	p. 248
Gemination	p. 248
Domain of [rho]-gemination	p. 250
Latent segments	p. 251
Difficult clusters	p. 253
Hiatus	p. 253
Gliding and shortening	p. 255
Elision and contraction	p. 256
Elision in Greek	p. 259
Domain of elision	p. 262
Elision and the accent	p. 265
Crasis	p. 266
Prodelision	p. 269
Rhythm in Connected Speech	p. 271
Readjustment of final lengthening	p. 272
Refooting	p. 272
Remapping	p. 276
Domain of remapping	p. 281
Remapping and demarcation	p. 282
The Appositive Group	p. 285
Prosodic Domains	p. 285
Variable phrasing	p. 286
Readjustment of the syntax	p. 287
Diagnostics for prosodic domains	p. 289
The Processing of Function Words	p. 291
Reading, evoked potentials	p. 292
Speech errors	p. 293
Word games	p. 294
Agrammatism	p. 294
The Appositive Group	p. 303
Syntactic clisis	p. 303
Correlation of levels	p. 303
Phonological clisis	p. 304
Appositives	p. 306
Syllable restructuring	p. 307
Metrical evidence	p. 308
S-prepositives	p. 308
S-prepositives	p. 309
S- and S-postpositives	p. 311
SS-appositives	p. 313
SS-appositives	p. 315
SS-appositives	p. 316
SS-appositives	p. 317
Trisyllabic appositives	p. 318
Composites	p. 319
SS-composites	p. 320
SS-composites	p. 320
SS-composites	p. 321
Extended composites	p. 322
Bidirectional appositives	p. 323
Elision and remapping	p. 324
Inscriptional evidence	p. 326
Factors Conditioning Appositive Status	p. 330
Syntax	p. 331
Category	p. 339
Morphology	p. 342
Semilexicals	p. 343
Phonological substance	p. 345
Frequency	p. 347
Fixed phrases	p. 348
Figures of speech	p. 349
Accent	p. 350
Polytonicity	p. 350
Atonicity	p. 351
Clisis	p. 352
Enclitics	p. 353
Proclitics	p. 356
Other nonenclitic nonlexicals	p. 361
Conclusion: The accentuation of proclitics and nonenclitic nonlexicals	p. 363
Anastrophe	p. 364
Direction of clisis	p. 365
Secondary accentuation	p. 368
Synenclisis	p. 373
Accentual composites	p. 374
The Minor Phrase	p. 376
Constituency	p. 376
Word order	p. 378
Complement and adjunct	p. 378
Scope	p. 379
Movement and trace	p. 380
Word order and phrase structure	p. 380
Interphrasal environment	p. 383
Branching	p. 384
Verb plus subject	p. 386
Participial phrases	p. 387
Phrase punctuating inscriptions	p. 388
Phrasing algorithm	p. 390
Sandhi evidence	p. 397
Verse structure	p. 398
Phrase final lengthening	p. 401
Accent	p. 402
The Major Phrase and Utterance	p. 409
Phonology and syntax	p. 409
Gradience	p. 411
Major phrase	p. 412
Syntactic correlates	p. 414
Parentheticals	p. 416
Sentence	p. 418
Paragraph	p. 419
The Major Phrase in Greek	p. 420
Ancient punctuation	p. 420
Particles	p. 422
Parentheticals	p. 423
Hiatus in prose	p. 424
Verse correlates	p. 424
Orthotonic pronouns	p. 428
Inscriptional punctuation	p. 429
Initial rise and terminal fall	p. 429
Final oxytones	p. 431
Pause	p. 432
Domain of podic rhythm	p. 433
Downtrends	p. 435
Reset	p. 439
Downtrend in song	p. 440
Catathesis in Greek	p. 441
Effect of the grave on catathesis	p. 445
Reset	p. 449
Loss of classical system of pitch accent catathesis	p. 451
Sentence type	p. 452
Topic and Focus	p. 456
Topic	p. 456
Focus	p. 457
Informational articulation	p. 459
Topic and focus markers	p. 460
Verbal morphology and particles	p. 460
Word order	p. 460
Dislocation	p. 461
Clefts	p. 463
Phonology of focus	p. 463
Typology of focus markers	p. 467
Affective prosody	p. 469
Focus, emphasis and register	p. 474
Topic and Focus in Greek	p. 475
Personal pronouns	p. 475
Appositive group	p. 477
Minor phrase	p. 478
Major phrase	p. 478
Musical evidence	p. 479
Discontinuous noun phrases	p. 480
Phrasing of YXY	p. 487
Internal prosodic structure of YXY	p. 489
Phrasing of SVS	p. 491
Inscriptional punctuation of discontinuous structures	p. 493
General properties of YXY phrasing	p. 493
Musical evidence	p. 494
Bibliography	p. 498
Index	p. 563
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