Protein Synthesis and Translational Control

by Hershey, John WB; Sonenberg, Nahum; Mathews, Michael B

• ISBN13: 9781936113460
• ISBN10: 1936113465
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-08-14
• Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

Summary

The synthesis of proteins by ribosomes is a fundamental cellular process. Cells must tightly control protein synthesis to maintain homeostasis and regulate proliferation, growth, differentiation, and development. Indeed, aberrant translational control is associated with cancer, several neurologic syndromes, and genetic disorders including "ribosomopathies." Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology covers our current understanding of protein synthesis and its control, from the genomic level to single-molecule analysis and single-cell imaging. The contributors describe the fundamental steps in protein synthesis (initiation, elongation, and termination), the factors involved, and high-resolution structures of the translational machinery. They review the targets of translational control (e.g., initiation factors and mRNAs) and how signaling pathways modulate this machinery. The roles of the endoplasmic reticulum, the unfolded protein response, processing bodies (P-bodies), stress granules, and small RNAs (including microRNAs) are also covered. This volume includes discussion of translational deregulation in cancer and the development of therapeutic agents that target translation initiation. Thus, it is an essential reference for cell and molecular biologists, as well as developmental and neurobiologists, oncologists, virologists, and all those investigating human diseases associated with translation dysfunction.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. vii
Principles of Translational Control: An Overview	p. 1
The Structure and Function of the Eukaryotic Ribosome	p. 11
The Mechanism of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation: New Insights and Challenges	p. 29
The Elongation, Termination, and Recycling Phases of Translation in Eukaryotes	p. 55
Single-Molecule Analysis of Translational Dynamics	p. 71
The Current Status of Vertebrate Cellular mRNA IRESs	p. 89
From Cis-Regulatory Elements to Complex RNPs and Back	p. 109
Regulation of mRNA Translation by Signaling Pathways	p. 123
Protein Secretion and the Endoplasmic Reticulum	p. 147
The Insights into Translational Regulation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response	p. 163
P-Bodies and Stress Granules: Possible Roles in the Control of Translation and mRNA Degradation	p. 177
mRNA Localization and Translational Control in Drosophila Oogenesis	p. 193
Toward a Genome-Wide Landscape of Translational Control	p. 209
Imaging Translation in Single Cells Using Fluorescent Microscopy	p. 225
A Molecular Link between miRISCs and Deadenylases Provides New Insight into the Mechanism of Gene Silencing by MicroRNAs	p. 237
Translational Control in Cancer Etiology	p. 253
Cytoplasmic RNA-Binding Proteins and the Control of Complex Brain Function	p. 281
Tinkering with Translation: Protein Synthesis in Virus-Infected Cells	p. 299
Emerging Therapeutics Targeting mRNA Translation	p. 327
Index	p. 345
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