Proton Conductors: Solids, Membranes and Gels - Materials and Devices

by Edited by Philippe Colomban

• ISBN13: 9780521383172
• ISBN10: 052138317X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1992-09-25
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

Protonic conduction in liquid electrolytes is commonplace but is relatively rare in solids. There is much interest worldwide in proton conducting solids, both from the scientific aspect, as materials with novel properties, but also for their possible applications in high density solid-state batteries, sensors and other electrochemical devices. This book gives a comprehensive review of proton conductors, including theory, techniques, the materials themselves and applications. The first part of the book describes chemical and physical parameters necessary for fast proton conduction and proposes a classification of different kinds of proton conductors. Comparison is made with other hydrogen-containing materials such as metals and graphites. The importance of partial water pressure, the role of defects and surface phenomena are discussed. The second part treats the chemistry, structures and electrical properties of typical materials from hydrogen bronzes to polymers via ice, hydroxides, acid sulphates, layer hydrates, clays, gels and porous or fractal media. The third part of the book discusses the methods concerning the proton dynamics from local to macroscopic scale. The fourth part deals with conductivity and concludes with a discussion of applications such as electrochemical systems for energy production or storage and microionic devices. This book will be of interest to all those working in the solid-state ionics community. The readership is likely to include chemists, physicists, material scientists, both in industry and at the research level.

Table of Contents

Preface

Part I. The Hydrogen Bond and Protonic Species: 1. The proton mobility in solids and molten salts

2. Protonic species and their structures

3. Proton conductors: classification and conductivity

4. Defects, non-stoichiometry and phase transitions

5. Structural studies of proton conductors: the technical difficulties

6. Hydrogen in metals

Part II. Materials: Elaboration, Structures and Properties: 7. Structure and characterization of hydrogen insertion compounds of metal oxides

8. High temperature protonic conductors

9. Highly ionic hydroxides

10. Ice

11. Anhydrous materials

12. Hydrogen behaviour in graphite-nitric acid intercalation compound

13. Proton-containing ß

and ß

" alumina structure type compounds

14. Proton conduction in Zeolites

15. Proton containing NASICON phases

B. Layer hydrates

16. Phosphates and phosphonates of tetravalent metals

17. Hydrogen uranyl phosphate (HUP) and related materials

18. From crystalline to amorphous (particle) hydrates

19. Perfluorinated membranes

20. Mixed inorganic-organic polymers

Part III. Proton Dynamics and Charge Transport: 21. Incoherent neutron scattering studies of protons conductors

22. NMR studies of local motions in fast protonic conductors

23. Vibrational spectroscopy of proton conductors

24. Raman spectroscopic studies of proton conductors

25. Frequency dependent conductivity, microwave dielectric relaxation and proton dynamics

26. Measuring the true proton conductivity

27. DC techniques and combination techniques

28. NMR in macroscopic proton mobility in gels and porous media

Part IV. Proton Diffusion Mechanisms: 29. Mobility in hydrogen-containing oxide bronzes

30. Conductivity mechanisms and models in anhydrous protonic conductors

31. Conduction mechanisms in materials with volatile molecules

Part V. Devices: 32. Applications of perfluorinated proton conductors

33. Synthesis principals of polycrystalline H30+ and NH4+ß

/ß

"Al203 and potential application in steam electrolysis/fuel-cells

34. Fuel-cells, steam electrolysis for hydrogen production and hydrogen separation using high temperature protonic conductors

35. Ice-based devices

36. Solid-state gas sensors operating at room temperature

37. All solid-state protonic batteries

38. Applications of proton conductors in electrochromic devices (ECD)

39. Supercapacitors and interfacial charge accumulation devices

Index.