Psychobiology of Physical Activity

by Acevedo, Edmund

• ISBN13: 9780736055369
• ISBN10: 0736055363
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-01-16
• Publisher: HUMAN KINETICS PUBLISHERS

Summary

Psychobiology of Physical Activityfills a void in the scientific literature by addressing psychobiologic factors as they relate to exercise and sport. As the first resource of its kind, it sparks greater interest in the integration of topics in the growing area known as the psychobiology of physical activity. The text defines and expands the field by covering various disciplines, including psychophysiology, psychoneuroendocrinology, psychoimmunology, neuroscience, physiological psychology, and behavioral genetics.The edited volume consists of 17 chapters written by internationally renowned scholars who consistently present a multilevel integrative approach to the study of human behavior in exercise and sport. The contributors share their cutting-edge research findings from diverse perspectives in chapters on physical activity and the brain, cognition, emotion, stress, pain, and human performance.Part I, Introduction, traces the history of psychobiological investigations in the fields of sport and exercise psychology and reviews what is currently known about the workings of the central nervous system during physical activity.Part II, Physical Activity and Cognition, examines recent evidence on the role of physical activity and fitness in preserving cognitive function in the aging human brain and the effects of exercise on neurogenesis, the formation of new neurons.Part III, Physical Activity and Emotion, discusses the effects of exercise on emotion from multiple levels: the level of the synapse, the level of the human brain, and the level of the body as an integrated self-protecting system.Part IV, Physical Activity and Psychosomatic Health, analyzes the role of exercise on central and peripheral factors related to cardiovascular and neuroendocrine stress reactivity, the function of the immune system, and pain.Part V, Psychobiology of Human Performance, focuses on factors influencing human performance in competitive settings, including attention and cognition, biofeedback, and mental imagery.As a professional reference, the book provides researchers and scholars with a valuable summary of cutting-edge research and up-to-date information. As a textbook, it challenges researchers and graduate students with an integrated approach to the study of human behavior in exercise and sport. In addition, Psychobiology of Physical Activitytranslates for sophisticated practitionerssuch as clinical exercise physiologistspsychobiologic research into practice in the areas of exercise and sport.

Table of Contents

Contributors	ix
Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xiii
PART I Introduction	xv
Psychobiology of Physical Activity: Integration at Last!	1	(14)
Edmund O. Acevedo
Panteleimon Ekkekakis
The Progress of Scientific Investigations	2	(1)
Secondary Ignorance and Dualism	3	(2)
Sport Psychology	5	(1)
Exercise Psychology	6	(2)
The Present Volume	8	(2)
References	10	(5)
Physical Activity and the Neurobiology of Interoception	15	(14)
A.D. (Bud) Craig
Research Methods in the Neurobiology of Interoception	16	(1)
Primary Afferent Sensory Fibers From Muscle and Joint	17	(1)
Second-Order Neurons in Lamina I	17	(1)
Physiological Characteristics of Lamina I Neurons	18	(1)
Selective Response of Lamina I Neurons	19	(2)
Forebrain Projections of Lamina I Neurons	21	(1)
Interoception in Humans	22	(2)
Weaknesses and Limitations in the Literature	24	(1)
Directions for Future Investigation	25	(1)
References	26	(3)
Brain Activation During Physical Activity	29	(14)
Jon W. Williamson
Central Cardiovascular Modulation	30	(5)
Brain Reorganization	35	(4)
Weaknesses and Limitations in the Literature	39	(1)
Directions for Future Investigation	40	(1)
References	40	(3)
PART II Physical Activity and Cognition	43	(32)
Aging, Physical Activity, and Neurocognitive Function	45	(16)
Arthur F. Kramer
Charles H. Hillman
Fitness and Behavioral Indices of Cognition	46	(2)
Fitness Effects on Brain Function and Structure	48	(6)
Potential Mechanisms	54	(1)
Directions for Future Investigation	55	(1)
References	55	(6)
Exercise, Neurogenesis, and Learning in Rodents	61	(14)
Henriette van Praag
Environmental Enrichment and Neurogenesis	63	(2)
Exercise and Neurogenesis	65	(1)
Other Anatomical Changes Associated With Exercise	65	(1)
Exercise Improves Learning and Memory in Rodents	65	(2)
Electrophysiological Changes Associated With Exercise	67	(1)
Growth Factor Effects on Neurogenesis and Running	68	(1)
The Role of Neurotransmitters in Running and Neurogenesis	68	(1)
Directions for Future Investigation	69	(1)
References	69	(6)
PART III Physical Activity and Emotion	75	(70)
Exertion and Pleasure From an Evolutionary Perspective	79	(12)
Michel Cabanac
Sensations From Muscular Exertion	80	(1)
Hedonicity of Muscular Exertion	81	(2)
Hedonicity in Motivational Conflicts	83	(4)
Conclusions	87	(1)
References	87	(4)
Affective Responses to Acute Exercise: Toward a Psychobiological Dose-Response Model	91	(20)
Panteleimon Ekkekakis
Edmund O. Acevedo
The Intensity-Affect Relationship	91	(1)
The Inverted U As a Dose-Response Model and Its Limitations	92	(1)
Previous Dose-Response Findings and Weaknesses in the Literature	92	(2)
The ``Next-Generation'' of Dose-Response Studies	94	(2)
The Dual-Mode Theory	96	(2)
A Putative Neural Pathway	98	(4)
Conclusions	102	(1)
Directions for Future Investigation	103	(1)
References	104	(7)
Physical Activity, Affect, and Electroencephalogram Studies	111	(18)
Steven J. Petruzzello
Panteleimon Ekkekakis
Eric E. Hall
EEG Changes As a Result of Acute Exercise	114	(3)
A Model for EEG-Exercise-Affect Research	117	(4)
Directions for Future Investigation	121	(3)
References	124	(5)
Physical Activity and Neurotransmitter Release	129	(16)
Romain Meeusen
Biosynthesis of Brain Monoamines	129	(1)
The Effects of Physical Activity on Anxiety and Depression	130	(1)
Exercise and Brain Neurotransmitter Concentrations	131	(4)
Central Fatigue	135	(2)
Neurotransmission and Overtraining	137	(1)
Weaknesses and Limitations in the Microdialysis Literature	137	(1)
Conclusions	138	(1)
Directions for Future Investigation	138	(1)
References	138	(7)
PART IV Physical Activity and Psychosomatic Health	145	(74)
The Cross-Stressor Adaptation Hypothesis and Exercise Training	149	(12)
Mark S. Sothmann
Evolution of the Cross-Stressor Adaptation Hypothesis	149	(1)
Basic Elements of the Stress Response	150	(2)
Cross-Stressor Adaptation Hypothesis	152	(2)
Psychobiological Testing of the Cross-Stressor Hypothesis in Humans	154	(2)
Weaknesses and Limitations in the Literature	156	(1)
Directions for Future Investigation	157	(1)
Conclusions	158	(1)
References	158	(3)
Psychobiological Reactivity, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular Health	161	(16)
Stephen H. Boutcher
Mark Hamer
A Multifactorial Model of Cardiovascular Reactivity	161	(4)
Cardiovascular Reactivity Assessment	165	(1)
Reactivity Effects on Health	166	(2)
Chronic Aerobic Exercise and Reactivity	168	(2)
Acute Aerobic Exercise and Reactivity	170	(1)
Directions for Future Investigation	171	(1)
Conclusions	172	(1)
References	172	(5)
Physical Activity and Psychoneuroimmunology	177	(12)
Suzi Hong
Paul J. Mills
The Immune System	177	(1)
Exercise As a Model for Psychoneuroimmunology Research	178	(2)
Enumerative Responses of the Immune System to Exercise	180	(2)
Functional Responses of the Immune System to Exercise	182	(1)
Cytokine Responses to Exercise	183	(1)
Regular Physical Activity and Psychoneuroimmunology	184	(1)
Directions for Future Investigation	184	(1)
Conclusions	185	(1)
References	185	(4)
Central Regulation of Stress Reactivity and Physical Activity	189	(14)
Gregory A. Hand
Kenneth D. Phillips
Marlene A. Wilson
The Physiological Stress Response	189	(1)
The Practical Significance of Studying Physical Activity and Stress	190	(1)
Measures of Stress Reactivity	190	(1)
Neural and Endocrine Systems That Respond to Stressful Stimulation	191	(7)
Weaknesses and Limitations in the Literature	198	(1)
Directions for Future Investigation	199	(1)
References	199	(4)
Physical Activity and Pain	203	(16)
Dane B. Cook
Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Pain	203	(1)
Neurobiology of Muscle Pain	204	(3)
Measurement of Muscle Pain	207	(2)
Naturally Occurring Muscle Pain	209	(2)
Analgesia During and Following Physical Activity	211	(1)
Muscle Pain As a Barrier to Physical Activity	211	(1)
Physical Activity As a Treatment for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain	212	(1)
Muscle Pain As a Limiting Factor in Sport Performance	212	(1)
Directions for Future Investigation	213	(1)
References	214	(5)
PART V Psychobiology of Human Performance	219	(46)
A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective on Sport Performance	221	(20)
Bradley D. Hatfield
Amy J. Haufler
Thomas W. Spalding
Regional Cortical Activity in Elite Performers	223	(7)
Expert-Novice Contrasts of EEG Power During Psychomotor Performance	230	(2)
Effects of Training on Cortical Activation	232	(1)
Performance Variation and Cortical Arousal	233	(1)
Networking Between Cortical Association and Motor Regions	234	(2)
Directions for Future Investigation	236	(1)
Conclusions	237	(1)
References	237	(4)
The Psychophysiology of Biofeedback and Sport Performance	241	(10)
Dave Collins
Alan McPherson
Measuring the Physiological Index	241	(1)
Feedback Methods	242	(2)
Selecting the Index	244	(1)
Weaknesses and Limitations in the Literature	245	(3)
Directions for Future Investigation	248	(1)
Conclusions	249	(1)
References	249	(2)
The Psychophysiology of Imagery in Sport	251	(14)
Paul S. Holmes
Theoretical Concerns	252	(1)
Functional Equivalence	252	(2)
Influencing Physiological Change	254	(1)
Image Generation	254	(1)
Imagery Modalities and Perspectives	255	(3)
Neuroscientific Implications for Imagery Use by Sport Performers	258	(1)
Indirect Evidence for the Mirror Neuron System	258	(1)
Direct Evidence for the Mirror Neuron System	259	(1)
Weaknesses and Limitations in the Literature	259	(1)
Directions for Future Investigation	259	(1)
Conclusions	260	(1)
References	260	(5)
Epilogue: Future Challenges in Understanding Human Behavior	265	(4)
Edmund O. Acevedo
Panteleimon Ekkekakis
Index	269	(10)
About the Editors	279