Psychology Culture Shock

by Ward; Colleen

• ISBN13: 9780415162357
• ISBN10: 0415162351
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2001-05-04
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Crossing cultures can be a stimulating and rewarding adventure. It can also be a stressful and bewildering experience. This thoroughly revised and updated edition of Furnham and Bochner's classic Culture Shock (1986) examines the psychological and social processes involved in intercultural contact, including learning new culture specific skills, managing stress and coping with an unfamiliar environment, changing cultural identities and enhancing intergroup relations. The book describes the ABCs of intercultural encounters, highlighting Affective, Behavioural and Cognitive components of cross-cultural experience. It incorporates both theoretical and applied perspectives on culture shock and a comprehensive review of empirical research on a variety of cross-cultural travellers, such as tourists, students, business travellers, immigrants and refugees. Minimising the adverse effects of culture shock, facilitating positive psychological outcomes and discussion of selection and training techniques forliving and working abroad represent some of the practical issues covered. The Psychology ofShockwill prove an essential reference and textbook for courses within psychology, sociology and business training. It will also be a valuable resource for professionals working with culturally diverse populations and acculturating groups such as international students, immigrants or refugees.

Table of Contents

List of figures	x
List of tables	xi
Foreword	xii
Preface	xiv
PART I The psychology of intercultural contact	1	(46)
Introduction and overview: Setting the scene	4	(15)
Social systems as inputs, throughputs and outputs	4	(1)
Culture contact within and between societies	5	(6)
Individualism and collectivism	11	(5)
Concluding remarks	16	(1)
Chapter summary	17	(1)
Note	18	(1)
Intercultural contact: Processes and outcomes	19	(28)
Groups in intercultural contact	19	(7)
Dimensions of intercultural contact	26	(1)
Outcomes of contact	27	(6)
Theoretical perspectives on intercultural contact	33	(7)
Intercultural contact and adaptation	40	(3)
A model of the acculturation process	43	(2)
Chapter summary	45	(2)
PART II Theoretical approaches to `culture shock'	47	(76)
Culture learning	51	(19)
Social interaction	51	(2)
The social psychology of the cross-cultural encounter	53	(1)
Cross-cultural differences in how people communicate	53	(8)
Intercultural communication theory: Integrating the communication elements	61	(2)
Social relations in multicultural societies	63	(2)
Cross-cultural transition and social difficulty	65	(4)
Chapter summary	69	(1)
Stress, coping and adjustment	70	(28)
The stress and coping framework	71	(1)
Factors affecting stress, coping and adjustment	71	(25)
Chapter summary	96	(2)
Social identification theories	98	(25)
Theoretical perspectives	99	(7)
Identity, acculturation and intercultural contact	106	(5)
Intergroup perceptions and relations	111	(6)
Social identification theories and multicultural ideology	117	(2)
Chapter summary	119	(2)
Notes	121	(2)
PART III Varieties of culture travellers	123	(124)
Tourists	127	(15)
The tourist experience	130	(6)
Tourism and intercultural contact	136	(4)
Chapter summary	140	(2)
Sojourners: International students	142	(26)
Historical perspectives	143	(3)
Empirical research on student sojourners	146	(19)
Chapter summary	165	(3)
Sojourners: International business people	168	(25)
Cultural distance, work performance and adaptation of business sojourners	169	(9)
Expatriate adjustment	178	(7)
Women in international management	185	(3)
Repatriation and inpatriation	188	(1)
Chapter summary	189	(4)
Immigrants	193	(27)
Social and political influences on immigrant acculturation	195	(7)
Migrant adaptation	202	(8)
Perspectives on immigrant youth	210	(4)
The acculturation process	214	(4)
Chapter summary	218	(1)
Note	219	(1)
Refugees	220	(27)
Refugee status and mental health	222	(7)
Pre- and postimigration experiences and adjustment over time	229	(4)
Stress, coping and adjustment	233	(6)
Acculturation, identity and intercultural relations	239	(5)
Chapter summary	244	(1)
Notes	245	(2)
PART IV Applications and conclusions	247	(35)
Culture training	248	(22)
Training principles, issues and aims	252	(2)
Cross-cultural preparation in historical perspective	254	(1)
Sojourner training	254	(12)
Training for multicultural living	266	(3)
Chapter summary	269	(1)
Conclusion	270	(12)
The ABCs of `culture shock'	270	(5)
Intercultural interactions: Then and now	275	(3)
The future	278	(3)
Final remarks	281	(1)
References	282	(63)
Author Index	345	(16)
Subject Index	361