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Karen Duffy is a Distinguished Service Professor—emerita, at the State University of New York College at Geneseo. She received her Ph.D. in social and personality psychology from Michigan State University. Dr. Duffy served as a family mediator for the New York Unified Court System. She has also served on the executive committee and as the chief instructor for the training insti-tute for the New York State Employee Assistance Program (EAP), as well as on the board of di-rectors for a shelter for domestic violence and on an educational committee for a family planning agency. She has consulted to a variety of work settings on stress management, EAPs, and other work issues. She is a member of the American Psychological Society. Dr. Duffy has written sev-eral other books, including Community Mediation: A Handbook for Practitioners and Research-ers and Community Psychology. She also edits several hard-copy and web-based annual editions for another publisher, on topics including psychology of personality, social psychology, intro-ductory psychology, and adjustment. She has held two Fulbright Fellowships to St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia. While in Russia, she worked with AIDS International, several children’s shelters, and other community agencies. More recently, she completed a hu-manitarian aid trip to Mongolia.
Steven J. Kirsh is a Professor of Psychology at The State University of New York at Geneseo. Dr. Kirsh’s primary areas of research focus on the influence of violent media on emo-tion recognition and social information processing. He has published Children, Adolescents, and Media Violence: A Critical Look at the Research (2006) and Media and Youth: A Developmental Perspective (2010) as well as numerous scientific articles and book chapters.
Brief Contents
1. Self-Direction in a Changing World
2. The Puzzle of Childhood
3. Affirmative Aging — Adulthood
4. Seeking Selfhood
5. Toward Better Health
6. Taking Charge
7. Managing Motives and Emotions
8. Making and Keeping Friends
9. Leader or Follower?
10. At Work and Play
11. Sexuality
12. Love and Commitment
13. Stress
14. Understanding Mental Disorders
15. If You Go for Help
16. Good Grief and Death
Full Table of Contents
Part 1 - Introduction
1. Self-Direction in a Changing World
Social Change
Living in a Technological World
Living with Other Social Changes
How Certain Is Our Future
The Challenge of Self-Direction
Self-Direction and Society
The Ambiguity of Personal Freedom
Taking Charge of Our Lives
Living in Today's Individualized Society
Themes of Personal Growth
Living With Contradictions and Uncertainty
Continuity and Change
The Experience of Personal Growth
Beyond Individualism
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
Part 2 - Becoming
2. The Journey Begins — Childhood
Perspectives on Child Development
The Biological Perspective on Child Development
Nature versus Nurture - An Old Debate
A Newer Approach
Applying It to Yourself
The Psychodynamic Perspective on Child Development
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Environment
Development of Personality
The Structure of Personality
Personality Dynamics
Modifications
Applying It to Yourself
The Social-Cognitive Perspective on Child Development
Social Learning Theories
Recent Additions:
Cognition and Behavior
Applying It to Yourself
The Humanistic Perspective on Development
The Phenomenal Self
Self-Actualization
Applying It to Yourself
Conclusion
Developmental Challenges in Childhood
Temperament
Self-Recognition and Self-Concept
Attachment
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
3. Affirmative Aging — Adulthood
Adult Development
Decisions, Decisions, Decisions - Early Adulthood
Leaving Home
Choosing a Career
Establishing Close Relationships
Starting a Family
Same Old, Same Old? - Middle Adulthood
Midlife Transition or Midlife Crisis?
Physical and Cognitive Changes
Possible Career Changes
Sexual Changes
Aging Gracefully - Late Adulthood
Physical and Cognitive Changes
Personal and Social Adjustment
Retirement
Successful Aging
Summary
Answers to Aging Quiz
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
Part 3 - Better Than Ever
4. Seeking Selfhood
What is the Self-Concept
Self-Image
Ideal self
Multiple Selves
Core Characteristics of Self-Concept
Self-Consistency
Self-Esteem
Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
The Self-Concept and Personal Growth
The Self You'd Like to Be
Our Social Selves
Learning from Criticism
Greater Self-Direction
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
5. Toward Better Health
Body Image
How We Feel About Our Bodies
Our Ideal Body
Psychological Factors and Physical Illness
The Immune System
Personality
Lifestyle Choices
Environmental Issues
Coping with Illness
Noticing and Interpreting Symptoms
Seeking Help
Adhering to Treatment
Promoting Wellness
Taking Charge of Your Own Health
Eating Sensibly
Getting Enough Sleep
Keeping Physically Fit
Finding Social Support
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
6. Taking Charge
Mastery and Personal Control
Perceived Control
Consequences of Perceived Control
Misperception and Maladjustment
Learned Optimism
Personal Resolve and Decision Making
The Process of Decision Making
Making Better Decisions
Decisions and Personal Growth
Identifying the Basic Decisions in Your Life
Making New Decisions
Some Practical Applications
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
7. Managing Motives and Emotions
Understanding Motivation
Understanding Your Needs
Differences between You and Others
Everyone's Basic Needs
Psychosocial Motives
Personal Motivation
Understanding Emotions
What are Emotions?
Experiencing Emotions
Expressing Emotions
Managing Emotions
Special Emotions
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
Part 4 - Being Social
8. Making and Keeping Friends
Meeting People
Are First Impressions Most Important?
Mistaken Impressions
Shyness
Keeping Friends
Friendships are Precious
When Friends Get Together
Self-Disclosure - Those Little Secrets
Same-Sex, Opposite-Sex Friends
Staying Friends
Loneliness
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
9. Leader or Follower?
Kinds of Groups
Favored Groups - Primary Groups
Bigger than Both of Us - Secondary Groups
What Goes Wrong at Rock Concerts? - Collectives
"Us" Versus "Them" - In-Groups and Out-Groups
How Do Groups Form?
Why Join a Group?
What Goes on in Groups?
What Did You Say? - Communication Patterns
You Want Me to Do What? - Social Influence
Let the Other Guy Do It - Social Loafing
All in Favor Say "Aye" - Group Polarization
Are Leaders Made or Born?
The Great Man Theory
Situational Explanations of Leadership
Contingency Theory
Contemporary Theories
Gender and Leadership
Culture and Leadership
When Groups Go Wrong
The Fiasco of Groupthink
A Little Shove Goes a Long Way - Group Conflict
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
10. At Work and Play
Choosing Your Career
Taking Stock of Yourself
Identifying Compatible Careers
Arriving at Your Career Decision
Preparing for Your Career
Your Career Outlook
Forecasting Your Career's Growth
Changing Jobs or Careers
Contemporary Issues in the World of Work
Job Satisfaction
Technology and Work
Diversity in the Workplace
Leisure Time
What is Leisure?
Work and Leisure
Using Leisure Positively
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
Part 5 - Being Intimate
11. Sexuality
Men and Women
Changing Views of Sexuality
Sexual Communication
Initiating and Refusing Sex
Sexual Responsiveness
The Sexual Response Cycle
Individual Differences
Love and Sex
Practical Issues
Sexual Dysfunctions
Contraception
Sexual Transmitted Diseases
Sexual Victimization
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
12. Love and Commitment
Love and Intimacy
The Ingredients of Love
Love and Close Relationships
Commitment
Cohabitation
Marriage and Other Committed Relationships
Adjusting to Intimate Relationships
Sharing Responsibilities
Communication and Conflict
Making the Relationship Better
Sexuality
Changes over Time
Divorce and Its Consequences
The Divorce Experience
Single-Parent Families
Remarriage
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
Part 6 - Facing Challenges
13. Stress
Oh No! - Understanding Stress
Conceptualizing Stress
Stress and You
Yikes! - Reactions to Stress
Physiological Stress Reactions
Psychological Stress Reactions
How Do You React to Stress?
Phew! - Managing Stress
Modifying Your Environment
Altering Your Lifestyle
Using Stress for Personal Growth
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
14. Understanding Mental Disorders
Psychological Disorders
What Are Psychological Disorders?
How common are Psychological Disorders?
How are Disorders Classified?
Anxiety Disorders: The Most Common Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Phobias: Fear of Something That Won't Really Hurt
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: The Doubting Disease
Trauma and Disaster
Mood Disorders
What is Depression?
Suicide: Who and Why?
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Other Common Disorders
Do You Have an Eating Disorder?
What are Personality Disorders?
Schizophrenia - The Enigmatic Disorder
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
15. If You Go for Help
Insight Therapies - The Talking Cure
Psychoanalysis
The Person-Centered Approach
A Variety of Approaches
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies
Behavioral Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Status of Psychotherapy Today
Other Approaches to Treatment
Family, Couples, and Relationship Therapy
Biomedical Therapies
Community-Based Services
How Well Does Therapy Work
Finding Help
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
16. Good Grief and Death.
Death and Dying
Risks of Dying
Awareness of Death
Near-Death Experiences
The Experience of Dying
Bereavement and Grief
Grief Work
Unresolved Grief
Good Grief
Life and Death in Perspective
The Right to Die
A Natural Death
Funerals and Other Services
Death and Growth
Summary
Self-Test
Exercises
Questions for Self-Reflection
For Further Information
Answers to Self-Tests
Glossary
References
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