Public Administration An Action Orientation

by Denhardt, Robert B.; Denhardt, Janet V.

• ISBN13: 9780534603403
• ISBN10: 0534603408
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-07-18
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Take action and become a participant in public administration with PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: AN ACTION ORIENTATION. You'll learn how to influence the operations of public agencies--helping them learn to affect positive changes, regardless of whether they are working outside the agency as citizens or within the agency as managers. With a strong emphasis on ethics, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION increases your chances of being effective by developing such personal and interpersonal skills as personal management, communication, delegation, motivation, and decision making. Important topics such as nonprofit management, the global dimensions of public administration as well as organizational theory are covered.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Personal Action in Public Organizations	1	(34)
What Is Public Administration?	2	(7)
Values of Democracy	3	(1)
Contrasting Business and Public Administration	4	(1)
Ambiguity	5	(1)
Pluralistic Decision Making	6	(1)
Visibility	7	(1)
Thinking about Public Administration Today	7	(1)
Publicness	8	(1)
Why Study Public Administration?	9	(7)
Preparing for Administrative Positions	10	(2)
Combining Technical and Managerial Training	12	(1)
Interaction of Business and Government	13	(1)
Influencing Public Organizations	14	(1)
Making Things Happen	15	(1)
Issues in Public Administration Theory and Practice	16	(4)
Politics and Administration	17	(1)
Ensuring Accountability	17	(1)
Bureaucracy and Democracy	18	(1)
Efficiency versus Responsiveness	19	(1)
What Do Public Administrators Do?	20	(5)
An Inventory of Public Management Skills	21	(2)
Voices of Public Administrators	23	(2)
Summary and Action Implications	25	(2)
Terms and Definitions	27	(1)
Study Questions	27	(1)
Cases and Exercises	28	(3)
For Additional Reading	31	(1)
Appendix: OPM Inventory of Management Skills	31	(4)
The Political Context of Public Administration	35	(46)
Administrative Organizations and Executive Leadership	36	(14)
Administrative Organizations	39	(1)
The Executive Office of the President	39	(1)
Cabinet-Level Executive Departments	40	(1)
Independent Agencies, Regulatory Commissions, and Public Corporations	41	(1)
Agencies Supporting the Legislature and the Judiciary	41	(1)
The State Level	42	(2)
The Local Level	44	(1)
Cities	44	(2)
Countries	46	(1)
Native American Tribes	46	(1)
Special Purpose Governments	47	(1)
Nonprofit Organizations and Associations	48	(2)
Relationships with the Legislative Body	50	(17)
The Policy Process	50	(1)
Agenda Setting	51	(1)
Policy Formulation	52	(2)
Policy Implementation	54	(1)
Types of Policy	54	(1)
Regulatory Policy	55	(1)
Distributive Policy	56	(1)
Redistributive Policy	56	(1)
Constituent Policy	57	(1)
Sources of Bureaucratic Power	57	(3)
Legislative Supervision: Structural Controls	60	(1)
Legislative Veto	61	(1)
Sunset Laws	62	(2)
Sunshine Laws	64	(1)
Legislative Supervision: Oversight	64	(2)
Legislative Supervision: Casework	66	(1)
Relationships with the Judiciary	67	(7)
Concerns for Due Process	72	(1)
The Courts and Agency Administration	72	(2)
Summary and Action Implications	74	(1)
Terms and Definitions	75	(1)
Study Questions	76	(1)
Cases and Exercises	77	(2)
For Additional Reading	79	(2)
The Interorganizational Context of Public Administration	81	(46)
The Development of Intergovernmental Relations	82	(16)
Dual Federalism	84	(1)
Cooperative Federalism	85	(1)
Picket-Fence Federalism	86	(3)
The Reagan and Bush Years	89	(1)
The Clinton Presidency	90	(3)
The Bush Administration	93	(2)
Judicial Influence	95	(3)
The State and Local Perspective	98	(10)
Funding Patterns	98	(2)
Preemptions and Mandates	100	(1)
Preemptions	100	(2)
Mandates	102	(3)
Subnational Relationships	105	(1)
State to State	105	(1)
State to Local	106	(1)
Local to Local	107	(1)
Working with Nongovernmental Organizations	108	(6)
Privatization and Contracting	110	(4)
The Management of Nonprofit Organizations	114	(6)
Operational Leadership	114	(1)
Resource Development	115	(1)
Financial Management	116	(1)
Board Governance	117	(1)
Board-Staff Relations	118	(1)
Advocacy	119	(1)
Summary and Action Implications	120	(1)
Terms and Definitions	121	(2)
Study Questions	123	(1)
Cases and Exercises	123	(2)
For Additional Reading	125	(2)
The Ethics of Public Service	127	(36)
Approaches to Ethical Deliberation	128	(7)
Reasoning, Development, and Action	129	(1)
Moral Philosophy	130	(1)
Moral Psychology	131	(2)
Moral Action	133	(2)
Issues of Administrative Responsibility	135	(6)
The Limits of Administrative Discretion	136	(2)
Avenues for Public Participation	138	(2)
The Ethics of Privatization	140	(1)
Ethical Problems for the Individual	141	(10)
Interacting with Elected Officials	141	(1)
Following Orders	142	(2)
Conflicts of Interest	144	(3)
Whistle Blowing	147	(3)
Prohibitions on Political Activities	150	(1)
Managing Ethics	151	(3)
Establishing an Ethical Climate	152	(2)
Summary and Action Implications	154	(1)
Terms and Definitions	154	(1)
Study Questions	155	(1)
Cases and Exercises	156	(3)
For Additional Reading	159	(1)
Appendix: Code of Ethics of the American Society for Public Administration	160	(3)
Designing and Managing Organizations	163	(34)
The Organizational Context	163	(2)
Images of Organizing in the Public and Nonprofit Sectors	165	(1)
The Functions of Management	166	(6)
The Early Writers: A Concern for Structure	167	(5)
Recognizing Human Behavior	172	(3)
Two Classic Works	173	(2)
The Organization and Its Environment	175	(5)
Systems Theory	175	(2)
From Political Economy to Organization Development	177	(2)
Decision Making in Organizations	179	(1)
Organizational Culture, Organizational Learning, and Strategic Management	180	(8)
Guidelines for Public Management	185	(3)
Postmodern Narratives on Management	188	(2)
Postmodernism	189	(1)
Issues of Gender and Power	190	(1)
Summary and Action Implications	190	(1)
Terms and Definitions	191	(1)
Study Questions	192	(1)
Cases and Exercises	192	(2)
For Additional Reading	194	(3)
Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation	197	(42)
Planning	198	(1)
Strategic Planning	199	(13)
Planning for Planning	200	(1)
Organizing for Planning	201	(1)
Steps in Planning	201	(1)
Mission or Objectives	202	(1)
Environmental Analysis	202	(1)
Strengths and Weaknesses	203	(1)
Values of Organizational Leaders	203	(1)
Development of Alternative Strategies	203	(1)
The Logic of Policy Analysis	204	(1)
Problem Definition	205	(1)
Setting Objectives and Criteria	206	(1)
Developing Alternatives	206	(1)
Analyzing Various Policies	207	(1)
Ranking and Choice	208	(1)
Costs and Benefits	208	(1)
Other Quantitative Techniques	209	(3)
Implementation	212	(8)
Organizational Design	213	(2)
Systems Analysis	215	(2)
PERT/CPM	217	(2)
Reengineering	219	(1)
Evaluation	220	(7)
Performance Measurement	221	(6)
Program Evaluation	227	(4)
Evaluation Designs and Techniques	228	(1)
Qualitative Techniques	229	(1)
Quantitative Techniques	230	(1)
Summary and Action Implications	231	(1)
Terms and Definitions	232	(1)
Study Questions	233	(1)
Cases and Exercises	234	(3)
For Additional Reading	237	(2)
Budgeting and Financial Management	239	(54)
The Budget as an Instrument of Fiscal Policy	240	(1)
The Budget as an Instrument of Public Policy	241	(11)
Where the Money Comes From	242	(1)
Individual Income Tax	243	(1)
Corporation Income Tax	244	(1)
Payroll Taxes	244	(1)
Sales and Excise Taxes	244	(1)
Property Taxes	245	(1)
Other Revenue Sources	245	(1)
Patterns of Government Revenues	245	(1)
Where the Money Goes	246	(1)
From Deficits to Surplus	247	(2)
The Bush Tax Plan	249	(2)
State and Local Expenditures	251	(1)
The Budget as a Managerial Tool	252	(8)
Budget Formulation	253	(2)
Budget Approval	255	(3)
Budget Execution	258	(1)
Audit Phase	259	(1)
Approaches to Public Budgeting	260	(5)
The Line-Item Budget	260	(1)
The Performance Budget	261	(1)
Program Budgeting	262	(2)
Zero-Base Budgeting	264	(1)
Outcome-Based Budgeting	264	(1)
Budgetary Strategies and Political Games	265	(3)
Strategies for Program Development	266	(2)
Aspects of Financial Management	268	(6)
Capital Budgeting	269	(1)
Debt Management	270	(1)
Risk Management	271	(2)
Purchasing	273	(1)
Accounting and Computer-Based Information Systems	274	(3)
Government Accounting	274	(1)
Computer-Based Information Systems	275	(2)
Summary and Action Implications	277	(1)
Terms and Definitions	278	(2)
Study Questions	280	(1)
Cases and Exercises	281	(10)
For Additional Reading	291	(2)
The Management of Human Resources	293	(44)
Merit Systems in Public Employment	294	(7)
Spoils versus Merit	294	(4)
The Civil Service Reform Act and Its Aftermath	298	(3)
Reinvention and the National Performance Review	301	(1)
State and Local Personnel Systems	301	(1)
Hiring, Firing, and Things In Between	302	(9)
Classification Systems	302	(2)
The Recruitment Process	304	(2)
Pay Systems	306	(1)
Conditions of Employment and Related Matters	307	(1)
Sexual Harassment	308	(2)
AIDS Policy	310	(1)
Workplace Violence	310	(1)
Removing Employees	311	(1)
The Changing Character of Labor-Management Relations	311	(7)
Steps in the Bargaining Process	314	(1)
To Strike or Not to Strike	315	(2)
Unions Redefined	317	(1)
Correcting Patterns of Discrimination in Public Employment	318	(7)
ADA	320	(1)
Questions of Compliance	321	(2)
Affirmative Action and Reverse Discrimination	323	(1)
The Glass Ceiling	324	(1)
Political Appointee---Career Executive Relations	325	(3)
The Relationship between Political and Career Executives	327	(1)
Summary and Action Implications	328	(1)
Terms and Definitions	329	(1)
Study Questions	330	(1)
Cases and Exercises	331	(4)
For Additional Reading	335	(2)
Personal and Leadership Skills in Public Management	337	(30)
The Manager's Day	338	(2)
Elements of Managerial Work	338	(1)
Distribution of Time among Work Elements	339	(1)
Managerial Interaction and Communication	339	(1)
Informal Aspects of Managerial Work	339	(1)
Themes of Managerial Work	340	(1)
Stress Management	340	(5)
Stress Signals and Responses	343	(1)
Type A/Type B Behaviors	343	(1)
Lifestyle Changes	344	(1)
Relaxation Techniques	344	(1)
Exercise	345	(1)
Stress and the Organization	345	(1)
Time Management	345	(3)
Creativity and Problem Solving	348	(4)
Models of Individual Decision Making	352	(2)
Leadership and Power	354	(4)
Summary and Action Implications	358	(1)
Terms and Definitions	358	(1)
Study Questions	359	(1)
Cases and Exercises	359	(4)
For Additional Reading	363	(1)
Appendix: Lost on the Moon Exercise: Answers from NASA Experts	364	(3)
Interpersonal Skills and Group Dynamics	367	(34)
Communications	367	(5)
Listening	367	(1)
Have a Reason or Purpose	368	(1)
Suspend Judgment Initially	368	(1)
Resist Distractions	368	(1)
Wait Before Responding	369	(1)
Rephrase What You Listen To in Your Own Words	370	(1)
Seek the Important Themes	370	(1)
Use the Thinking-Speaking Differential to Reflect and Find Meaning	370	(1)
Speaking	371	(1)
Writing	371	(1)
Delegation and Motivation	372	(7)
Motivation	374	(1)
Pay and Job Satisfaction	374	(1)
Reinforcement Theory	375	(2)
Goal Setting	377	(2)
Conflict, Bargaining, and Negotiation	379	(2)
Group Dynamics	381	(11)
Advantages of Group Decision Making	381	(2)
Disadvantages of Group Decision Making	383	(1)
Interpersonal Dynamics in Groups	384	(1)
Changing the Composition of the Group	385	(2)
Managing Groups in Action	387	(2)
Specialized Techniques for Group Decision Making	389	(1)
Participation in Group Decision Making	390	(2)
Organization Change and Development	392	(4)
Diagnosing the Need for Change	394	(1)
Strategies for Organizational Change	395	(1)
Summary and Action Implications	396	(1)
Terms and Definitions	397	(1)
Study Questions	397	(1)
Cases and Exercises	398	(2)
For Additional Reading	400	(1)
Administrative Reform and Technology	401	(36)
NPM, Reinvention, and Nonprofit Management Reform	402	(6)
The New Public Management	403	(1)
Reinventing Government	403	(2)
Nonprofit Management Reform	405	(2)
The Results of Reform	407	(1)
Information Technology, The Internet, and Management Reform	408	(6)
Electronic Organizations	408	(3)
E-Governance	411	(3)
The Human Side of Technological Innovation	414	(1)
Human Resources, Innovation, and Performance	415	(12)
Management by Objectives	416	(1)
Quality of Work-Life/Job Enrichment	417	(2)
Quality Circles and Related Ideas	419	(2)
Incentive Programs	421	(1)
Innovation	422	(2)
Recent Examples in Performance Management	424	(1)
GAO Cites Best Practices for Performance Management	425	(1)
Measuring Performance in the State of Arizona	425	(1)
Benchmarking and Performance Improvement in the City of Portland	426	(1)
Implementation Issues in Quality and Productivity	427	(4)
Steps to Productivity Improvement	428	(3)
Summary and Action Implications	431	(1)
Terms and Definitions	432	(1)
Study Questions	433	(1)
Cases and Exercises	434	(1)
For Additional Reading	434	(3)
The Future of the Public Service	437	(12)
The Importance of Public Service	437	(1)
Trends in the Public Service	438	(7)
Economic Changes and Redefining Government	440	(1)
Globalization	441	(1)
Technology and the Work Environment	442	(1)
The Role of Citizens in the Governance Process	443	(2)
The Ethical Challenges Facing the Public Service	445	(1)
A Final Note	446	(1)
Study Questions	446	(1)
Cases and Exercises	447	(1)
For Additional Reading	447	(2)
References	449	(15)
Appendix	464	(3)
Journals	464	(1)
Organizations	465	(2)
Glossary	467	(8)
Index	475