Public, Animal, and Environmental Aquaculture Health Issues

by Editor: Michael L. Jahncke; Editor: E. Spencer Garrett; Editor: Alan Reilly; Editor: Roy E. Martin; Editor: Emille Cole

• ISBN13: 9780471387725
• ISBN10: 047138772X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-04-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Summary

The first volume to thoroughly address health concerns in the aquaculture industry Aquaculture- farming aquatic plants and organisms- is one of the fastest growing sectors of agriculture, yet attention to aquaculture health concerns has not been equal to the rate of the industry' s expansion. Public, Animal, and Environmental Aquaculture Health Issues serves as a valuable guide to new enterprises, regulatory agencies, and government agencies that are concerned with safe, controlled aquaculture development. The majority of aquaculture products pose no significant health risk; however, like traditional farming operations, aquaculture has associated risks to employees, animals, the environment, and the consumer. This book addresses potential unanticipated risks from the perspectives of both industrialized and nonindustrialized countries, as well as how to mitigate these risks. Chapters include: Status of World Fisheries and the Role of Aquaculture Aquaculture Associated Public, Animal, and Environmental Health Issues in Nonindustrialized and Industrialized Countries Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point and Aquaculture Aquaculture and International Trade Regulations Future Considerations of Global Aquaculture Aquaculture business owners, managers, producers, manufacturers, research and academic scientists, government officials, consultants, and food safety specialists will find Public, Animal, and Environmental Aquaculture Health Issues to be a valuable addition to their professional libraries.

Author Biography

MICHAEL L. JAHNCKE is Director of the Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Hampton, Virginia, and Associate Professor in the Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech.

Table of Contents

List of Tables	xi
Preface	xiii
Acronyms	xv
Contributors	xix
Status of World Fisheries and the Role of Aquaculture	1	(20)
Roy E. Martin
Introduction	1	(1)
Wild Stock Status	2	(1)
World Aquaculture Status	3	(2)
Public, Animal, and Environmental Health Issues	5	(6)
Aquaculture Issues	11	(3)
The Future of Aquaculture	14	(4)
Conclusion	18	(1)
References	19	(2)
Aquaculture Associated Public, Animal, and Environmental Health Issues in Nonindustrialized Countries	21	(46)
Peter Howgate
Stuart Bunting
Malcolm Beveridge
Alan Reilly
Introduction	21	(1)
Aquaculture Production	22	(1)
Overview of Aquaculture Production Systems and Methods	23	(5)
Introduction	23	(1)
Coastal Aquaculture	24	(1)
Fish	24	(1)
Shrimp	24	(1)
Mollusks!	25	(1)
Seaweed	26	(1)
Inland Aquaculture	26	(1)
Fish	26	(2)
Prawns	28	(1)
Food Safety Issues Associated with Fish and Fishery Products	28	(15)
Biological Hazards of Aquaculture Products	30	(1)
Bivalve Mollusks	30	(1)
Aquaculture of Vertebrate Fish and Crustacea in Marine and Brackish Water Environments	31	(1)
Pathogens	31	(2)
Parasites	33	(1)
Aquaculture in Freshwater	33	(1)
Pathogens	34	(2)
Parasites	36	(2)
Chemical Hazards	38	(1)
Metals	39	(2)
Industrial Chemicals and Argochemicals	41	(2)
Environmental Health Issues	43	(9)
Introduction	44	(1)
Aquaculture and the Environment	44	(1)
Resource Use	44	(1)
Water	45	(1)
Seed	45	(1)
Feed	46	(1)
Wastes and Environmental Services	46	(1)
Eutrophication	47	(1)
Shifting Trophic Status and Interactions	47	(1)
Feral Culture Organisms	48	(1)
Microorganisms	49	(1)
Chemotherapeutants	49	(1)
Chemicals	50	(1)
Aquaculture and Human Health Issues	50	(1)
Operators	51	(1)
Consumers and Society	51	(1)
Conclusion	52	(1)
References	53	(14)
Public, Animal, and Environmental Aquaculture Health Issues in Industrialized Countries	67	(36)
Michael L. Jahncke
Michael H. Schwarz
Introduction	67	(1)
An Overview of Aquaculture Systems	68	(3)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Aquaculture Systems	70	(1)
Overview of Aquaculture Production	71	(1)
Public Health Issues	71	(9)
Biological Hazards	73	(1)
Parasites	73	(1)
Bacteria	74	(2)
Viruses	76	(1)
Chemical Hazards	77	(1)
Aquaculture Drugs	78	(2)
Animal Health Issues	80	(6)
Biological Hazards	80	(1)
Parasites	80	(2)
Bacteria	82	(2)
Viruses	84	(2)
Environmental Health Issues	86	(3)
Biological	86	(1)
Nutrients	87	(2)
Social Issues	89	(1)
Case Studies	90	(5)
Hybrid Striped Bass-California, USA	90	(1)
Public Health Issues	91	(1)
Animal Health Issues	91	(1)
Environmental Health Issues	92	(1)
Salmon Net Pens-Ireland	92	(1)
Public Health Issues	93	(1)
Animal Health Issues	93	(1)
Environmental Health Issues	94	(1)
Conclusion	95	(1)
References	95	(8)
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point and Aquaculture	103	(18)
Carlos A. Lima dos Santos
Introduction	103	(1)
Aquaculture Food Safety and Quality Issues	104	(1)
Food Safety Issues	104	(1)
Food Quality Issues	105	(1)
The HACCP Concept	106	(3)
HACCP and Aquaculture	109	(1)
Practical Experiences of HACCP Application in Aquaculture	110	(2)
HACCP in the Control of Human Pathogenic Fishborne Parasites	112	(1)
HACCP for the Control of Aquatic Animal Diseases	113	(1)
Conclusions and Recommendations	114	(1)
References	115	(6)
Aquaculture and International Trade Regulations	121	(46)
E. Spencer Garrett
Introduction	121	(3)
World Trade Organization	124	(11)
Selected WTO Fishery Trade Settlement Case Histories	131	(4)
Codex Alimentarius Commission	135	(6)
Recent Codex Products of Interest to Aquaculture	140	(1)
Office International des Epizootics	141	(5)
International Plant Protection Convention	146	(2)
International Standards Organization	148	(3)
ISO 14000	149	(1)
ISO Technical Committee 69-Application of Statistical Methods	150	(1)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development	151	(1)
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations	152	(2)
World Health Organization of the United Nations	154	(1)
Emerging Public Policy Issues	155	(5)
Genetically Modified Foods	156	(1)
Traceability	157	(1)
Food Safety Objectives	158	(1)
Determining the Equivalency of Inspection Services	159	(1)
Other Legitimate Factors	159	(1)
Transparency	160	(1)
Conclusion	160	(2)
References	162	(5)
Future Considerations of Global Aquaculture	167	(16)
Michael L. Jahncke
Introduction	167	(1)
Aquaculture Issues 1971-2000	168	(1)
Aquaculture Issues 2001-2020	169	(1)
Sustainable Aquaculture	170	(2)
Fishery Stock Issues	172	(1)
Public Health Issues	172	(2)
Animal Health Issues	174	(1)
Environmental Health Issues	174	(1)
HACCP	174	(1)
Trade of International Products	175	(1)
Fish Meal	176	(1)
Genetically Modified Organisms	177	(1)
Projections	178	(1)
References	179	(4)
Index	183