Public Health Administration : Principles for Population-Based Management

by Novick, Lloyd F.

• ISBN13: 9780834217515
• ISBN10: 0834217511
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-08-01
• Publisher: JONES & BARTLETT PUB

Summary

Public health has undergone enormous change in recent years. The growing epidemics of obesity and diabetes; the events of September 11, 2001; devastating natural disasters such as the 2004 tsunami and Hurricane Katrina in 2005; and the threats of emerging infectious diseases have redefined the field, making the role of the public health administrator more important than ever before.

Table of Contents

Contributors	xiii
Foreword	xix
Preface	xxi
Acknowledgments	xxv
PART I: CONCEPTUAL AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION	1	(168)
Defining Public Health: Historical and Contemporary Developments	3	(31)
Lloyd F. Novick
Defining Public Health	3	(2)
Accomplishments of Public Health	5	(3)
Changing Scope of Public Health Practice	8	(1)
Early Collective Action To Improve Health	9	(2)
Collective Activities To Protect Health in the United States	11	(2)
Social and Environmental Factors Are Basic to Public Health Action	13	(1)
Other Formative Influences	14	(1)
The New Public Health: Bacteriology	15	(1)
Concept of Health: The Basis for Action	16	(7)
Population-Based Prevention Strategy	23	(8)
Chapter Review	31	(3)
A Framework for Public Health Administration and Practice	34	(29)
Lloyd F. Novick
Public Health Functions	34	(2)
Core Public Health Functions	36	(2)
The 10 Organizational Practices	38	(1)
Health Care Reform and Public Health	38	(1)
Essential Health Services	39	(1)
Core Functions and Essential Health Services: Implementation	40	(7)
National Health Objectives	47	(1)
Healthy People 2000	48	(3)
Healthy People 2010 Objectives	51	(3)
Public Health Infrastructure	54	(3)
Governmental and Nongovernmental Aspects of Public Health	57	(1)
A Community Perspective	58	(1)
Medicine and Public Health	59	(1)
Chapter Review	60	(3)
Organization of the Public Health Delivery System	63	(54)
Glen P. Mays
Governmental Public Health Organizations	64	(24)
Nongovernmental Public Health Organizations	88	(6)
Interoganizational Efforts in Public Health	94	(20)
Chapter Review	114	(3)
The Public Health Work Force	117	(22)
Robert B. Gerzoff
Kristine M. Gebbie
Defining the Public Health Work Force	117	(3)
Historical Perspectives on the Public Health Work Force	120	(2)
Determinants of the Size and Structure of the Public Health Work Force	122	(4)
The Structure of the Current Work Force	126	(6)
Employment Settings	132	(1)
Training for Public Health Workers	133	(3)
The Future of the Public Health Work Force	136	(1)
Chapter Review	137	(2)
Public Health Law	139	(16)
Lawrence O. Gostin
A Theory and Definition of Public Health Law	140	(1)
Public Health in the Constitutional Design	141	(6)
The Modern Public Health Agency	147	(3)
Public Health Law Reform	150	(3)
The Future of Public Health Law	153	(1)
Chapter Review	153	(2)
Ethics and Public Health	155	(14)
Sholom Glouberman
The Building Blocks of Public Health Ethics	155	(5)
Policy Implications	160	(1)
Ideas Relevant to an Understanding of Health	161	(2)
Three Ways of Thinking about Health	163	(1)
Hypothesis about Health and Health Improvement	164	(2)
Chapter Review	166	(3)
PART II: OPERATIONAL ISSUES IN PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION	169	(226)
Public Health Data Acquisition	171	(31)
C. Virginia Lee
Historical Perspective on Data Collection	171	(2)
Federal Sources of Data	173	(10)
State Sources of Data	183	(4)
Local Sources of Data	187	(1)
Other Sources of Data	188	(7)
Using the Internet To Access Data Sources	195	(1)
Issues in Data Interpretation	196	(2)
Legal Issues Regarding Data Release and Security	198	(2)
Chapter Review	200	(2)
Public Health Surveillance	202	(20)
Theresa Hatzell
Tim E. Aldrich
Willard Cates, Jr.
Euichul Shin
Function and Form of Public Health Surveillance Systems	202	(4)
Surveillance System Design and Operations	206	(11)
Maintaining Surveillance System Operations	217	(2)
Chapter Review	219	(3)
Using Information Systems for Public Health Administration	222	(26)
Stephen Parente
Contemporary Concepts and Applications	223	(3)
Building Systems and Technology	226	(5)
Sources of Data for Information Systems	231	(9)
HIS Applications in Public Health Administration	240	(5)
Privacy Issues	245	(1)
Chapter Review	246	(2)
Geographic Information Systems for Public Health	248	(18)
Alan L. Melnick
History of GIS in Public Health	248	(1)
Features of GIS	249	(2)
Public Health GIS Applications	251	(6)
Lessons Learned and Challenges	257	(2)
Getting Started with GIS	259	(1)
Future of GIS and the Role of Public Health Officials	259	(4)
Chapter Review	263	(3)
Public Health Assessment	266	(34)
Paul K. Halverson
Glen P. Mays
Key Characteristics of Public Health Assessment Initiatives	267	(7)
Assessment Methods and Tools for Public Health Organizations	274	(12)
Implementation and Management Strategies	286	(10)
Chapter Review	296	(4)
Public Health Education and Health Promotion	300	(24)
Judith M. Ottoson
Lawrence W. Green
Public Health Education	301	(14)
Health Promotion	315	(5)
Health Education Versus Health Promotion	320	(2)
Chapter Review	322	(2)
Evaluation of Public Health Interventions	324	(35)
Michael A. Stoto
Evaluation Methods	325	(7)
Measurement	332	(5)
Practical Aspects of Program Evaluation	337	(8)
Performance Measurement and Improvement Processes	345	(11)
Chapter Review	356	(3)
Public Health Research	359	(15)
Anne M. Gadomski
What Is Public Health Research?	359	(2)
Translating Research into Practice	361	(2)
Key Steps in Conducting Research	363	(3)
Measuring Outcomes	366	(1)
An Overview of Data Analysis Techniques	367	(2)
Targeting Public Health Practice Areas for Research	369	(2)
Chapter Review	371	(3)
Protecting Human Subjects in Public Health Research	374	(21)
Patricia A. MacCubbin
Bruce Gordon
Ernest D. Prentice
Recognizing the Need for Human Subjects Protection	375	(3)
The IRB	378	(3)
Applying 45 CFR 46	381	(3)
Elements of Review	384	(5)
Special Protections for Vulnerable Populations	389	(4)
Chapter Review	393	(2)
PART III: ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESSES AND STRATEGIES FOR PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS	395	(190)
Human Resources Management	397	(16)
Lee Thielen
Work Performance	398	(2)
Organizational Commitment	400	(1)
Diversity in the Work Force	401	(1)
Professional Development	402	(1)
Recruitment of a Public Health Work Force	403	(1)
The Concept of a Merit System	404	(2)
Job Classifications and Job Analysis	406	(1)
Selection of Applicants	406	(2)
Unions and Public Health Organizations	408	(1)
Performance Management and Performance Appraisals	409	(2)
Contracting for Services	411	(1)
Personnel Policies	411	(1)
Chapter Review	411	(2)
Financing the Public's Health	413	(18)
Perri S. Leviss
Why Look at Public Health Financing?	413	(1)
Public Health Versus Personal Health Expenditures	414	(1)
History of Public Health Financial Data Collection	415	(4)
Organization of Public Health Financing	419	(5)
Key Financial Operations in LHDs	424	(3)
The Year 2000: Public Health Financing Challenges	427	(2)
Chapter Review	429	(2)
Performance Measurement and Improvement	431	(26)
Bernard J. Turnock
Arden S. Handler
Performance Measurement and Performance Measures	431	(11)
Applications Using Public Health Standards	442	(5)
Critical Issues for Success	447	(2)
Accreditation of Public Health Organizations	449	(5)
Chapter Review	454	(3)
Communication and Media Relations	457	(17)
Douglas Hirano
Brad Christensen
Communication in Public Health	457	(4)
Building Constituency and Visibility	461	(3)
Media Relations	464	(5)
Playing Defense	469	(1)
Media Interaction Guidelines	470	(1)
Building a Model Communication/Public Information Office	470	(2)
Chapter Review	472	(2)
Public Health Marketing	474	(36)
Lynne Doner
Michael Siegel
What Is Marketing?	474	(5)
Why Integrate Marketing into Public Health Practice?	479	(2)
Lost Vision of Public Health	481	(2)
Challenges of Public Health Marketing	483	(3)
The Marketing Process	486	(18)
Building Marketing Capacity	504	(1)
Using Marketing Approaches on Limited Budgets	505	(1)
Chapter Review	506	(4)
Building Constituencies for Public Health	510	(11)
Michael T. Hatcher
Ray M. Nicola
Who Is Public Health's Constituency?	511	(1)
Incentives for Constituency Participation	512	(1)
Organizational Management for Effective Constituency Interaction	512	(4)
Assessing the Effectiveness of Public Health Constituencies	516	(1)
Interventions for Improving Public Health Constituencies	516	(1)
Tools for Developing Effective Public Health Constituencies	517	(1)
Initiating the Constituency-Building Process	518	(1)
Chapter Review	519	(2)
Academic Partnerships in Public Health Practice	521	(18)
Stephen H. Linder
Beth E. Quill
Lu Ann Aday
The Nature of Partnerships	521	(2)
Models of Partnership in Public Health	523	(2)
The Historical Role of Schools of Public Health	525	(1)
The Partnering Reports	526	(1)
Restructuring Academe for Partnerships	527	(1)
Deploying Partnerships for Public Health	528	(7)
Prospects	535	(2)
Chapter Review	537	(2)
Legislative Relations in Public Health	539	(28)
Stephanie A. Kennan
Overview	539	(1)
The Federal Budget Process	540	(5)
The Appropriations Process and Health Programs	545	(3)
Creating Health Programs---Authorizing Committee Jurisdictions	548	(1)
How a Bill Becomes a Law---Really	548	(2)
Legislation and Regulation	550	(3)
The DHHS	553	(2)
Block Grants and Funding Programs	555	(3)
Medicaid	558	(2)
Long-Term Care	560	(1)
The Role of States	560	(3)
The Role of Advocates	563	(1)
State Legislation	563	(2)
Chapter Review	565	(2)
Leadership in Public Health	567	(18)
Vaughn Mamlin Upshaw
William A. Sollecito
Arnold D. Kaluzny
Leadership as Influence	569	(2)
Leadership as an Integrating Theme	571	(1)
From Challenges to Opportunities	572	(2)
Building Learning Relationships	574	(4)
Chapter Review	578	(3)
Leading Organizational Change in Public Health: The Case of the Cabarrus County Public Health Authority	581	(4)
PART IV: APPLICATIONS IN PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION	585	(177)
Community-Based Prevention	587	(17)
Elizabeth A. Baker
Ross C. Brownson
Defining Key Terms: Community and Coalition	587	(3)
Evidence-Based Planning	590	(10)
Chapter Review	600	(4)
Environmental Health Administration	604	(19)
Nadia Shalauta Juzych
Thomas A. Burke
The Historical Roots of Environmental Health	605	(2)
Scope of Environmental Health	607	(1)
Organization of Environmental Health and Protection Services	608	(5)
The Contrast between Risk-Based Environmental Regulatory Approaches and Surveillance-Based Public Health	613	(2)
Challenges of Environmental Health management and Administration	615	(4)
Future Direction: The Reemergence of Public Health in Environmental Protection	619	(2)
Chapter Review	621	(2)
Public Health Laboratory Administration	623	(23)
Scott J. Becker
Eric C. Blank
Robert Martin
Michael Skeels
History of the PHL	623	(1)
Local, State, Federal Continuum	624	(3)
Role and Scope of PHLs	627	(5)
PHL Administration and Quality Management	632	(7)
Producing Reliable Results	639	(3)
PHLs and Health Care Dynamics	642	(1)
A National Laboratory System	643	(1)
Chapter Review	644	(2)
Roles and Responsibilities of Public Health in Disaster Preparedness and Response	646	(63)
Linda Young Landesman
Josephine Malilay
Richard A. Bissell
Steven M. Becker
Les Roberts
Michael S. Ascher
Why Public Health Should Be Concerned	648	(2)
History of Public Health's Role	650	(1)
Public Health's Role	651	(1)
What Is Public Health's Responsibility in Disaster Response?	651	(2)
Functional Model of Public Health's Response in Disasters	653	(1)
Structure and Organizational Makeup of Disaster Response	653	(9)
A Natural Disaster: A Case Study	662	(4)
Assessment in Disasters	666	(6)
Data Collection	672	(2)
Mental Health Considerations in Disasters: Psychosocial Impacts and Public Health	674	(5)
Natural Disasters and Technological Disasters	679	(4)
Public Health Aspects of Environmental Services during Disasters	683	(10)
Bioterrorism	693	(9)
Chapter Review	702	(7)
Administering Effective HIV Prevention Interventions	709	(19)
Anton M. Somlai
Administering Effective HIV Prevention Interventions	709	(1)
Determining Populations at Need	710	(1)
Efficacious Primary and Secondary HIV Prevention Interventions	711	(1)
Community Planning	711	(1)
Organizational Models for HIV prevention	712	(1)
Facilitating HIV Prevention Models: From Research to Service	713	(1)
Types of ASO Prevention Activities and New Program Needs	714	(1)
Critical Elements in Evaluating the Effectiveness of an HIV Prevention Program	715	(2)
IDU Issues: ASOs Managing Prevention Strategies Targeting IDU Risk Behaviors	717	(5)
Structural and Environmental Factors Associated with NEP Program Implementation	722	(1)
State and Local Health Departments	722	(1)
Chapter Review	723	(5)
Managed Care, Public Health, and the Uninsured	728	(34)
William L. Roper
Glen P. Mays
Background	729	(8)
The Interface of Managed Care and Public Health Administration	737	(16)
New Developments Shaping the Public Health-Managed Care Interface	753	(2)
Strategies for Managing the Interface of Public Health and Managed Care	755	(2)
Chapter Review	757	(5)
Epilogue: Population-Based Management and the Emerging Public Health System	762	(3)
Glossary	765	(16)
Index	781