Public Health Genomics The Essentials

by Mikail, Claudia N.

• ISBN13: 9780787986841
• ISBN10: 0787986844
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-11-03
• Publisher: Jossey-Bass

Summary

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has recognized genomics as a priority area in public health education. To help public health students and professionals achieve proficiency in the language of genetics and attain genomics competencies delineated by the CDC, this book offers an introduction to basic molecular genetics and discusses the relevance of genomics to such key public health issues as environmental health, ethnic health disparities, health policy and law, research ethics, maternal and child health, clinical preventive medicine, health behavior, health economics, and communicable disease control. Presented in a context that is easy to understand, the book serves as an accessible portal of entry into the world of public health genomics.

Author Biography

Claudia N. Mikail, MD, MPH, is a clinical assistant professor at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, School of Public Health and Health Sciences and a clinical instructor at the Keck School of Medicine.

Table of Contents

Tables and Figures	p. xi
Foreword	p. xv
Preface	p. xvii
The Authors	p. xix
Introduction	p. xxi
Scientific and Social Perspectives on Genomics
Past, Present, and Future of Public Health Genomics	p. 3
History of Human Genetics	p. 4
History of Public Health Genetics	p. 5
Impact of Genetics on Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention	p. 5
Phenotypic versus Genotypic Prevention	p. 8
Genomics Today	p. 9
Genomics Tomorrow	p. 12
Genomics and Government	p. 15
The NIH and the NHGRI	p. 16
The NOPHG	p. 19
The SACGHS	p. 21
State Government Programs	p. 22
Genomics and Bioterrorism Preparedness	p. 24
Basic Molecular Genetics	p. 27
Hereditary Material	p. 28
DNA Replication	p. 30
Transcription and Translation	p. 33
Gene Expression	p. 37
Mutations and Polymorphisms	p. 38
Mutations, Population Genetics, and Ethnicity	p. 41
Somatic versus Germline Mutations	p. 42
Types of Mutations	p. 43
Causes of Mutations	p. 44
Population Genetics	p. 45
Race, Ethnicity, and Genomics	p. 50
Inheritance Patterns and Family History	p. 53
Gregor Mendel and His Pea Plants	p. 54
Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes	p. 56
Drawing a Pedigree	p. 57
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns	p. 61
Inheritance Patterns, Family History, and Public Health	p. 65
Genetic Epidemiology and Gene-Environment Interactions	p. 71
Review of Basic Concepts	p. 72
Polygenic and Multifactorial Traits	p. 72
Determining the Risk of Multifactorial Disorders	p. 74
Determining Genetic versus Environmental Effects	p. 75
Determining Patterns of Inheritance and Localizing Genes	p. 76
Gene-Environment Interactions and Molecular Epidemiology	p. 79
Genetic Information, Ethics, and The Law	p. 83
Examples of Genetic Discrimination and Breach of Privacy	p. 84
Evolution of Privacy and Antidiscrimination Laws	p. 85
Genetics Research and Concern for Privacy	p. 88
Clinical Genetic Testing and the Duty to Inform	p. 90
Genomics in Maternal, Child, and Adult Health
Toxicology, Teratology, and Prenatal Diagnosis	p. 97
Birth Defects and Embryology	p. 98
Chromosomes	p. 103
Prenatal Diagnosis	p. 111
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis	p. 113
Preconceptional Genetic Screening and Cultural Competence	p. 117
Genetic Diseases Common among People of Ashkenazic Jewish Descent	p. 118
Genetic Diseases Common among People of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jewish Descent	p. 122
Reproductive Options for Carriers	p. 123
Limitations of Ethnically Based Genetic Screening	p. 123
Metabolic Disorders and Newborn Screening	p. 127
Newborn Screening's Relevance to Public Health	p. 128
Biology of Metabolic Disorders	p. 131
Newborn Screening in California	p. 132
MS/MS-Detectable Disorders	p. 135
Pediatric Genetics and Health Supervision	p. 141
American Academy of Pediatrics	p. 142
Achondroplasia	p. 143
Down Syndrome	p. 145
Fragile X Syndrome	p. 146
Marfan Syndrome	p. 148
Prader-Willi Syndrome	p. 148
Autism	p. 149
Adult Genetics, Genetic Counseling, and Health Behavior	p. 153
Alzheimer's Disease	p. 154
Cardiovascular Disease	p. 155
Cancer	p. 157
Familial Cancer Syndromes	p. 160
Genetic Testing, Risk Perception, and Health Behavior	p. 163
Areas of General Interest
Health Economics, Health Disparities, and Genetic Services	p. 171
Basics of Health Economics	p. 172
Health Economics of Genetic Screening	p. 174
Health Care Disparities	p. 175
Genomics and Communicable Disease Control	p. 181
Bacteria	p. 182
Viruses	p. 189
Genomics of a Pandemic	p. 192
Hot Topics in Genomics	p. 195
Personalized Medicine	p. 196
Gene Therapy	p. 199
Stem Cell Research	p. 201
Bioinformatics and Genomics Online	p. 205
Clinical and Community Resources	p. 206
Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues	p. 207
Genetic Epidemiology	p. 208
Government Agencies	p. 209
Maternal and Child Health	p. 209
Professional Genetics Education	p. 210
Professional Genetics Societies	p. 211
Professional Public Health Societies	p. 211
Research Resources	p. 212
Answers to Selected Discussion Questions	p. 215
Glossary	p. 219
References	p. 241
Name Index	p. 253
Subject Index	p. 257
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.