List of illustrations | p. xi |
Preface | p. xiii |
Acknowledgements | p. xvii |
Understanding Public Relations | |
What is Public Relations? | p. 3 |
Lessons from history | p. 7 |
PR and the growth of big business | p. 9 |
PR and politics | p. 10 |
PR and the mass media | p. 10 |
Recent developments | p. 12 |
The structure of the PR industry | p. 15 |
PR and integrated marketing communications | p. 19 |
PR sectors and specialisms | p. 21 |
Corporate PR | p. 21 |
Business-to-business PR | p. 21 |
Financial PR | p. 22 |
Consumer PR | p. 23 |
Lobbying, public affairs, government relations and political consultancy | p. 25 |
Politics and PR | p. 29 |
The not-for-profit sector | p. 30 |
Internal communications | p. 33 |
The reputation of Public Relations | p. 35 |
The Law and Public Relations | p. 39 |
Intellectual property | p. 40 |
Defamation | p. 42 |
Other aspects of the law | p. 43 |
Public Relations ethics | p. 45 |
Problems of enforcement | p. 50 |
A final word on PR ethics | p. 53 |
The academic study of Public Relations | p. 55 |
Strategy and Planning | |
POSTAR, a PR planning aid | p. 59 |
Positioning | p. 60 |
Internal analysis | p. 60 |
External analysis | p. 64 |
Objectives | p. 69 |
SMART objectives | p. 69 |
Strategy | p. 73 |
Audience | p. 73 |
Media | p. 76 |
Message | p. 80 |
Summary | p. 86 |
Methods | p. 87 |
Hard news | p. 89 |
Created or "soft" news | p. 91 |
News events | p. 93 |
Promotional content | p. 94 |
Direct news | p. 95 |
How to be creative | p. 97 |
How to create a creative environment | p. 97 |
How to have a creative attitude | p. 97 |
Rules of brainstorming | p. 98 |
Types of brainstorming | p. 101 |
Turning ideas into activity | p. 103 |
Tactics | p. 107 |
Administration | p. 111 |
Manpower | p. 111 |
Minutes (Time!) | p. 114 |
Money | p. 115 |
Evaluating results | p. 119 |
Output | p. 119 |
Outtake | p. 120 |
Outcome | p. 121 |
Media analysis and evaluation | p. 125 |
Summary | p. 129 |
Crisis management | p. 131 |
Planning for a crisis | p. 132 |
Crisis management strategies | p. 138 |
Tips for media interviews | p. 140 |
Tips for radio | p. 141 |
Tips for TV | p. 141 |
Tips for press conferences | p. 142 |
Creating a socially responsible image | p. 145 |
Skills | |
Dealing with the media | p. 151 |
Newsworthiness | p. 152 |
Timing | p. 153 |
Trading news | p. 155 |
Dealing with hostile stories | p. 156 |
Press releases | p. 159 |
Top tips for writing press releases | p. 161 |
Targeting and timing | p. 163 |
Writing feature articles and opinion pieces | p. 165 |
Top tips | p. 166 |
How to call a journalist | p. 167 |
Prepare | p. 167 |
Bridge | p. 168 |
Taster | p. 168 |
Offer | p. 169 |
Close | p. 169 |
Internal communications | p. 171 |
Top tips | p. 173 |
Each medium has its strengths and weaknesses | p. 174 |
How to make an effective speech or presentation | p. 179 |
Planning | p. 179 |
Structuring | p. 181 |
Preparing | p. 182 |
Persuasive speaking | p. 184 |
Answering questions | p. 186 |
Managing nerves | p. 187 |
Summary | p. 187 |
PR photography and images | p. 189 |
How to plan and run events | p. 193 |
Budgets | p. 194 |
PR skills in the online world | p. 197 |
PR problems in the online world | p. 198 |
Online press offices | p. 201 |
PR people and websites | p. 202 |
Top tips on web design | p. 202 |
Online press releases | p. 205 |
Conversion | p. 206 |
The Future of Public Relations in the New Europe | |
PR growth sectors | p. 211 |
Government affairs or lobbying | p. 213 |
Healthcare | p. 214 |
Financial PR | p. 215 |
Technology PR | p. 216 |
PR for overseas markets | p. 217 |
Factors influencing growth | p. 219 |
Training | p. 219 |
Recruitment | p. 220 |
Trade bodies | p. 220 |
Publications and new media | p. 221 |
The changing media environment | p. 222 |
Development of government PR | p. 225 |
The not-for-profit sector | p. 225 |
Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility | p. 227 |
The status of PR | p. 228 |
Notes | p. 229 |
Glossary | p. 231 |
Further reading, websites and sources of information | p. 235 |
About the authors | p. 239 |
Index | p. 243 |
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