Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

by American Psychological Association

• ISBN13: 9781557987914
• ISBN10: 1557987912
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-07-01
• Publisher: Amer Psychological Assn

Summary

With millions of copies sold, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the style manual of choice for writers, editors, students, educators, and professionals in psychology, sociology, business, economics, nursing, social work, and justice administration, and other disciplines in which effective communication with words and data is fundamental. In addition to providing clear guidance on grammar, the mechanics of writing, and APA style, the Publication Manual offers an authoritative and easy-to-use reference and citation system and comprehensive coverage of the treatment of numbers, metrication, statistical and mathematical data, tables, and figures for use in writing, reports, or presentations. The new edition has been revised and updated to include: * The latest guidelines and examples for referencing electronic and online sources * New and revised guidelines for submitting papers electronically * Improved guidelines for avoiding plagiarism * Simplified formatting guidelines for writers using up-to-date word-processing software * All new guidelines for presenting case studies * Improved guidelines for the construction of tables * Updates on copyright and permissions issues for writers * New reference examples for audiovisual media and patents * An expanded and improved index for quick and easy access Writers, scholars, and professionals will also find: * New guidelines on how to choose text, tables, or figures to present data * Guidelines for writing cover letters for submitting articles for publication, plus a sample letter * Expanded guidelines on the retention of raw data * New advice on establishing written agreements for the use of shared data * New information on the responsibilities of co-authors * New and experienced readers alike will find the 5th Edition a complete resource for writing, presenting, or publishing with clarity and persuasiveness. Approximately 400 pages

Table of Contents

List of Tables, Table Examples, Figures, and Figure Examples	xv
Preface	xix
Introduction	xxiii
Organization of the Fifth Edition	xxiv
Specific Style Changes in the Fifth Edition	xxvi
How to Use the Publication Manual	xxvi
Content and Organization of a Manuscript	3	(28)
Quality of Content	4	(1)
Designing and Reporting Research	5	(1)
Evaluating Content	5	(1)
Characteristics of Articles	6	(1)
Authorship	6	(1)
Types of Articles	7	(2)
Length, Headings, and Tone	9	(1)
Parts of a Manuscript	10	(1)
Title Page	10	(2)
Abstract	12	(3)
Introduction	15	(2)
Method	17	(3)
Results	20	(6)
Discussion	26	(1)
Multiple Experiments	27	(1)
References	28	(1)
Appendix	28	(1)
Author Note	29	(2)
Quality of Presentation	29	(2)
Expressing Ideas and Reducing Bias in Language	31	(46)
Writing Style	31	(1)
Orderly Presentation of Ideas	32	(2)
Smoothness of Expression	34	(1)
Economy of Expression	34	(2)
Precision and Clarity	36	(4)
Strategies to Improve Writing Style	40	(1)
Grammar	40	(1)
Verbs	41	(3)
Agreement of Subject and Verb	44	(3)
Pronouns	47	(3)
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers and Use of Adverbs	50	(4)
Relative Pronouns and Subordinate Conjunctions	54	(3)
Parallel Construction	57	(4)
Linguistic Devices	61	(5)
Guidelines to Reduce Bias in Language	61	(1)
Guideline 1: Describe at the appropriate level of specificity	62	(1)
Guideline 2: Be sensitive to labels	63	(2)
Guideline 3: Acknowledge participation	65	(1)
Gender	66	(1)
Sexual Orientation	67	(1)
Racial and Ethnic Identity	67	(2)
Disabilities	69	(1)
Age	69	(8)
APA Editorial Style	77	(138)
Punctuation	78	(1)
Period	78	(1)
Comma	78	(2)
Semicolon	80	(1)
Colon	80	(1)
Dash	81	(1)
Quotation Marks	82	(2)
Parentheses	84	(2)
Brackets	86	(1)
Slash	87	(2)
Spelling	89	(1)
Preferred Spelling	89	(1)
Hyphenation	89	(5)
Capitalization	94	(1)
Words Beginning a Sentence	94	(1)
Major Words in Titles and Headings	95	(1)
Proper Nouns and Trade Names	96	(1)
Nouns Followed by Numerals or Letters	97	(1)
Titles of Tests	98	(1)
Names of Conditions or groups in an Experiment	99	(1)
Names of Factors, Variables, and Effects	99	(1)
Italics	100	(1)
Italicizing Words	100	(3)
Abbreviations	103	(1)
Use of Abbreviations	103	(1)
Explanation of Abbreviations	104	(1)
Abbreviations Accepted as Words	105	(1)
Abbreviations Used Often in APA Journals	105	(1)
Latin Abbreviations	106	(1)
Scientific Abbreviations	106	(3)
Other Abbreviations	109	(1)
Use of Periods With Abbreviations	110	(1)
Plurals of Abbreviations	110	(1)
Abbreviations Beginning a Sentence	111	(1)
Headings and Series	111	(1)
Organizing a Manuscript With Headings	111	(2)
Levels of Heading	113	(1)
Selecting the Levels of Heading	114	(1)
Seriation	115	(2)
Quotations	117	(1)
Quotation of Sources	117	(1)
Accuracy	118	(1)
Double or Single Quotation Marks	119	(1)
Changes From the Source Requiring No Explanation	119	(1)
Changes From the Source Requiring Explanation	119	(1)
Citation of Sources	120	(1)
Citations Within Quotations	121	(1)
Permission to Quote	121	(1)
Numbers	122	(1)
Numbers Expressed in Figures	122	(3)
Numbers Expressed in Words	125	(2)
Combining figures and Words to Express Numbers	127	(1)
Ordinal Numbers	128	(1)
Decimal Fractions	128	(1)
Roman Numerals	129	(1)
Commas in Numbers	129	(1)
Plurals of Numbers	130	(1)
Metrication	130	(1)
Policy on Metrication	130	(1)
Style for Metric Units	131	(5)
Metric Tables	136	(1)
Statistical and Mathematical Copy	136	(1)
Selecting the Method of Analysis and Retaining Data	137	(1)
Selecting Effective Presentation	137	(1)
References for Statistics	137	(1)
Formulas	138	(1)
Statistics in Text	138	(1)
Statistical Symbols	139	(6)
Spacing, Alignment, and Punctuation	145	(1)
Equations in Text	146	(1)
Displayed Equations	146	(1)
Tables	147	(1)
Tabular Versus Textual Presentation	147	(7)
Relation of Tables and Text	154	(1)
Relation Between Tables	155	(1)
Table Numbers	155	(1)
Table Titles	155	(1)
Headings	156	(3)
Body of a Table	159	(1)
Presenting Data in Specific Types of Tables	160	(10)
Notes to a Table	170	(3)
Ruling of Tables	173	(1)
Size of Tables	174	(1)
Tables From Another Source	174	(1)
Table Checklist	175	(1)
Figures	176	(1)
Deciding to Use Figures	176	(1)
Standards for Figures	177	(1)
Types of Figures	177	(10)
Line Art Versus Halftone	187	(1)
Overall Size and Proportion	188	(1)
Preparation of figures	188	(7)
Creating Graphs	195	(2)
Using Photographs	197	(1)
Identifying and Citing Figures	198	(1)
Figure Legends and Captions	199	(1)
Submitting Figures	200	(1)
Figure Checklist	201	(1)
Footnotes and Notes	202	(1)
Footnotes in Text	202	(1)
Notes to Tables	203	(1)
Author Note	203	(2)
Appendixes	205	(1)
Identifying and Citing Appendixes	205	(1)
Body and Headings	206	(1)
Tables as Appendixes	206	(1)
Tests and Questionnaires	206	(1)
Reference Citations in Text	207	(1)
One Work by One Author	207	(1)
One Work by Multiple Authors	208	(1)
Groups as Authors	209	(1)
Works With No Author (Including Legal Materials) or With an Anonymous Author	210	(1)
Authors With the Same Surname	211	(1)
Two or More Works Within the Same Parentheses	212	(1)
Classical Works	213	(1)
Specific Parts of a Source	213	(1)
Personal Communications	214	(1)
Citations in Parenthetical Material	214	(1)
Reference List	215	(68)
Agreement of Text and Reference List	215	(1)
Construction of an Accurate and Complete Reference List	216	(1)
APA Style	216	(3)
Order of References in the Reference List	219	(3)
References Included in a Meta-Analysis	222	(1)
Introduction to APA Reference Style	222	(1)
General Forms	223	(1)
Authors	224	(1)
Publication Date	225	(1)
Title of Article or Chapter	226	(1)
Title of Work and Publication Information: Periodicals	227	(1)
Title of Work: Nonperiodicals	228	(1)
Title of Work: Part of a Nonperiodical (Book Chapters)	229	(1)
Publication Information: Nonperiodicals	230	(1)
Retrieval Information: Electronic Sources	231	(1)
Elements and Examples of References in APA Style	231	(52)
Periodicals	239	(9)
Books, Brochures, and Book Chapters	248	(7)
Technical and Research Reports	255	(4)
Proceedings of Meetings and Symposia	259	(1)
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses	260	(3)
Unpublished Work and Publications of Limited Circulation	263	(1)
Reviews	264	(2)
Audiovisual Media	266	(2)
Electronic Media	268	(15)
Manuscript Preparation and Sample Papers to be Submitted for Publication	283	(38)
The Author's Responsibilities	284	(1)
General Instructions for Preparing the Paper Manuscript	284	(1)
Paper	284	(1)
Typeface	285	(1)
Double-Spacing	286	(1)
Margins	286	(1)
Order of the Manuscript Pages	287	(1)
Page Numbers and Manuscript Page Headers	288	(1)
Corrections	288	(1)
Paragraphs and Indentation	289	(1)
Uppercase and Lowercase Letters	289	(1)
Headings	289	(1)
Spacing and Punctuation	290	(2)
Seriation	292	(1)
Quotations	292	(1)
Statistical and Mathematical Copy	293	(3)
Instructions for Typing the Parts of a Manuscript	296	(1)
Title Page	296	(2)
Abstract	298	(1)
Text	298	(1)
References	299	(1)
Appendixes	299	(1)
Footnotes and Notes	300	(1)
Tables and Table Titles, Notes, and Rules	301	(1)
Figures and Figure Captions	302	(1)
Spelling Check	302	(1)
Special Instructions for Typesetting	303	(1)
Number of Copies	303	(1)
Cover Letter	303	(1)
Contents of Package	304	(1)
Editor Acknowledgment of Manuscript Submission	305	(1)
Interim Correspondence	305	(16)
Sample Paper and Outlines	305	(16)
Material Other Than Journal Articles	321	(10)
These, Dissertations, and Student Papers	321	(1)
Final Manuscript	321	(1)
Content Requirements	322	(2)
Manuscript Preparation Requirements	324	(3)
Converting the Dissertation Into a Journal Article	326	(1)
Trimming the Length	327	(1)
Writing Style	328	(1)
Interpretation of Data	328	(3)
Material for Oral Presentation	329	(1)
Material Published in Abbreviated Form	330	(1)
Manuscript Acceptance and Production	331	(14)
Transmitting the Accepted Manuscript for Production	332	(1)
Copyright Transfer, Certification of Authorship, Disclosure of Interests, and Permissions	332	(1)
Preparing the Word-Processing File for Editing and Typesetting	333	(1)
Future Correspondence	334	(1)
Reviewing the Copyedited Manuscript	335	(1)
Paper Manuscript	335	(1)
Electronic Manuscript	336	(1)
Proofreading	336	(1)
Reading Proofs	336	(3)
Author's Alterations	339	(2)
Returning Proofs and Manuscript	341	(1)
Ordering Reprints	341	(1)
After the Article is Published	342	(1)
Retaining Raw Data	342	(1)
Correction Notices	342	(3)
Journals Program of the American Psychological Association	345	(18)
Policies Governing the Journals	345	(1)
Selection of Editors	346	(1)
Page Allocations	346	(1)
Publication Lag	347	(1)
Primary Publication	347	(1)
Ethics of Scientific Publication	348	(7)
Author's Copyright on an Unpublished Manuscript	355	(1)
Copyright and Permission to Reproduce APA Material	356	(1)
Other Copyrighted Material	356	(1)
Editorial Management of Manuscripts	357	(1)
Editorial Responsibilities	357	(1)
Date of Receipt of Manuscripts	357	(1)
Order of Publication of Articles	358	(1)
Procedures in Editorial Review	358	(3)
Masked Review	361	(1)
Evaluation of Manuscripts	361	(2)
Bibliography	363	(16)
History of the Publication Manual	363	(1)
References Cited in This Edition	364	(4)
Suggested Reading	368	(11)
Appendix A: Checklist for Manuscript Submission	379	(6)
Format	379	(1)
Title Page and Abstract	380	(1)
Paragraphs and Headings	380	(1)
Abbreviations	380	(1)
Mathematics and Statistics	380	(1)
Units of Measurement	380	(1)
References	381	(1)
Notes and Footnotes	381	(1)
Tables and Figures	381	(1)
Copyright and Quotations	382	(1)
Submitting the Manuscript	382	(1)
Note to Students	382	(3)
Appendix B: Checklist for Transmitting Accepted Manuscripts for Electronic Production	385	(2)
Preparing the Electronic File	385	(2)
Appendix C: Ethical Standards for the Reporting and Publishing of Scientific Information	387	(10)
Appendix D: References to Legal Materials	397	(14)
D.01 General Forms	397	(2)
D.02 Text Citations of Legal Materials	399	(1)
D.03 Court Decisions (Bluebook Rule 10)	399	(4)
D.04 Statutes (Bluebook Rule 12)	403	(2)
D.05 Legislative Materials (Bluebook Rule 13)	405	(3)
D.06 Administrative and Executive Materials (Bluebook Rule 14)	408	(2)
D.07 Patents	410	(1)
Appendix E: Sample Cover Letter	411	(2)
Index	413