Pyramid Response to Intervention : RTI, Professional Learning Communities, and How to Respond When Kids Don't Learn

by Buffum, Austin

• ISBN13: 9781934009338
• ISBN10: 1934009334
• eBook ISBN(s): 9781934009901
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-08-11
• Publisher: Solution Tree

Summary

The model presented in Pyramid Response to Intervention (PRTI) show how Response to Intervention is most effective when implemented on the foundation of a professional learning community (PLC). It gives educators the information, tools, and processes they need to do that work, including over 2 dozen reproducibles. It uses engaging fictional narratives and examples from real schools that have benefitted from PRTI. This book is readable, impassioned, and grounded in the experience of practitioners. Pyramid Response to Intervention makes RTI accessible and understandable. It includes a glossary and over 2 dozen reproducibles to guide schools through the process of creating a pyramid response to intervention. Detailed examples of each tier of response to intervention make it clear to readers what kinds of programs and policies are best for each level and show what RTI ¿looks like¿ in real schools. The authors are experienced consultants on this topic and have implemented RTI successfully in their own schools. The book also takes an in-depth look at the following: ¿ Basic facts about RTI as well as specific RTI models ¿ How the PLC pyramid of interventions compares to the RTI model, and how RTI is most successful when built on the foundation of a professional learning community ¿ The three tiers of RTI: the core program, the supplemental level, and the intensive level ¿ The effects and role of behavioral interventions ¿ Possible legal issues and compliance with statutory requirements ¿ Issues of moral responsibility in helping all children achieve

Table of Contents

About the Authors	p. xiii
Foreword	p. xv
Preface	p. xvii
What Is Pyramid Response to Intervention?	p. 1
Response to Intervention (RTI)	p. 2
Pyramid of Interventions (POI)	p. 4
A Vision of the Future	p. 5
Pyramid Response to Intervention (PRTI)	p. 5
The Right Work at the Right Time	p. 9
Learning by Doing	p. 10
The Facts About RTI	p. 13
What Is RTI?	p. 14
The Early History of RTI	p. 16
IDEA 1997 and IDEIA 2004	p. 17
Why Now?	p. 19
Growing Support for RTI	p. 20
Rejection of the Discrepancy Model	p. 22
A Systematic Response	p. 23
RTI Models	p. 27
Two Systems of Implementation	p. 28
The Protocol System	p. 28
The Problem-Solving System	p. 29
Implementing and Monitoring an RTI System	p. 30
RTI in Pioneering Schools	p. 33
TLC	p. 34
ExCEL	p. 36
CAST	p. 37
The HAEA Model	p. 38
The Washington Model	p. 40
A New Way of Educating All Children	p. 42
A Unified Approach	p. 43
Laying the Foundation: A Professional Learning Community	p. 47
Reculturing Your School	p. 48
A Focus on Learning	p. 49
A Collaborative Culture	p. 51
A Focus on Results	p. 52
Assessing Your Current Reality	p. 54
Identify Under-Represented Students	p. 54
Find Resources	p. 55
Next Steps	p. 57
Learning CPR	p. 59
An Appropriate Response to Learning Emergencies	p. 61
Urgent	p. 61
Directive	p. 62
Timely	p. 63
Targeted	p. 65
Administered by Trained Professionals	p. 66
Systematic	p. 66
Traditional Responses to Learning Emergencies	p. 67
Individual Teacher Response	p. 67
Remedial Classes	p. 68
Summer School	p. 69
Retention	p. 69
Alternative and Special Education	p. 69
Doing Nothing	p. 70
Tier 1: The Core Program	p. 73
Strengthening the Core Program	p. 74
Differentiate Instruction	p. 74
Determine Power Standards	p. 76
Analyze Assessment Data	p. 77
Ensure Quality Teaching and Focused Staff Development	p. 78
Maximize Instructional Time	p. 79
Use Programs With Fidelity	p. 79
Tier 1 in Elementary Schools	p. 79
Tier 1 in Middle Schools	p. 81
Tier 1 in High Schools	p. 82
Upgrading the Core Program	p. 83
Set High Expectations	p. 84
Focus on Instructional Priorities	p. 84
Diagnose and Prescribe	p. 85
Tier 2: The Supplemental Level	p. 87
Creating Effective Supplements to the Core Program	p. 88
Support Intentional Nonlearners	p. 89
Support Failed Learners	p. 91
Targeting Interventions	p. 93
Identify and Place Students	p. 94
Tier 2 in Elementary Schools	p. 96
Tier 2 in Secondary Schools	p. 97
What If Tier 2 Interventions Are Not Working?	p. 98
Tier 3: The Intensive Level	p. 99
Using the Right Intensive Interventions at the Right Time	p. 100
The FCRR: A Source for Tier 3 Interventions	p. 104
Tier 3 in Elementary Schools	p. 105
Tier 3 in High Schools	p. 106
The Role of Behavioral Interventions	p. 109
Behavior and Academic Achievement	p. 111
Supporting Positive Student Behavior	p. 115
Identify and Model Positive Behaviors	p. 115
Gather Data on Adherence	p. 116
Tier 1 Interventions	p. 117
Tier 2 Interventions	p. 118
Tier 3 Interventions	p. 120
Behavioral Interventions in Secondary School	p. 121
Tier 1	p. 122
Tier 2	p. 122
Tier 3	p. 123
Meeting Legal Requirements	p. 125
Keys to Compliance	p. 126
Develop a Systematic Progress-Monitoring Plan	p. 128
Keep Careful Records	p. 129
Utilize Research-Based Programs	p. 130
Change Tiers When Appropriate	p. 132
Refer for Formal Evaluation	p. 133
Meet Periodically With All Stakeholders	p. 134
Making the Commitment to Go From Good to Great	p. 135
Putting It All Together	p. 139
Avoiding Pitfalls	p. 140
Counterproductive Grading Practices	p. 140
Failure to Communicate Program Goals and Procedures to Students and Parents	p. 142
Lack of Program Evaluation	p. 144
Leadership Matters	p. 145
Success Stories	p. 146
R. H. Dana Elementary School	p. 146
Pioneer Middle School	p. 152
Whittier Union High School District	p. 163
Rising to the Challenge	p. 167
Epilogue: A Moral Responsibility	p. 169
Reproducibles	p. 171
How Do Our School's Current Practices Align With the Essential Elements of RTI?	p. 172
How Will Our School Respond to Key RTI Questions?	p. 173
What Elements of RTI Are Present in the Pioneering Models?	p. 174
Creating a PLC Foundation	p. 175
Creating a Learning Mission	p. 176
Identifying Essential Standards	p. 177
Sample Essential Standards: Algebra I	p. 178
Sample Essential Standards: U.S. History	p. 179
Unpacking the Standards	p. 180
Common Formative Assessments (CFAs)	p. 181
Common Assessment Desired Outcomes	p. 183
Who Are Our Under-Represented Students?	p. 184
What Are Our Human and Fiscal Resources?	p. 185
Evaluating Our Current Interventions	p. 186
What Is Our Tier 1 Core Program?	p. 188
What Are Our Tier 2 Supplemental Interventions?	p. 189
What Are Our Tier 3 Intensive Interventions?	p. 190
What Are Our Behavioral Interventions?	p. 191
Functional Behavior Analysis Protocol	p. 192
How Will We Coordinate, Document, and Communicate About Our PRTI?	p. 194
PRTI Critical Steps to Success	p. 195
PRTI Essential Standard Plan	p. 197
Essential Standard Plan	p. 199
Creating a PRTI	p. 200
Sample Individualized Learning Plan (ILP)	p. 203
Glossary	p. 205
References and Resources	p. 213
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