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Preface | p. xi |
A note on references | p. xv |
Cbits and Qbits | p. 1 |
What is a quantum computer? | p. 1 |
Cbits and their states | p. 3 |
Reversible operations on Cbits | p. 8 |
Manipulating operations on Cbits | p. 11 |
Qbits and their states | p. 17 |
Reversible operations on Qbits | p. 19 |
Circuit diagrams | p. 21 |
Measurement gates and the Born rule | p. 23 |
The generalized Born rule | p. 28 |
Measurement gates and state preparation | p. 30 |
Constructing arbitrary 1- and 2-Qbit states | p. 32 |
Summary: Qbits versus Cbits | p. 34 |
General features and some simple examples | p. 36 |
The general computational process | p. 36 |
Deutsch's problem | p. 41 |
Why additional Qbits needn't mess things up | p. 46 |
The Bernstein-Vazirani problem | p. 50 |
Simon's problem | p. 54 |
Constructing Toffoli gates | p. 58 |
Breaking RSA encryption | p. 63 |
Period finding, factoring, and cryptography | p. 63 |
Number-theoretic preliminaries | p. 64 |
RSA encryption | p. 66 |
Quantum period finding: preliminary remarks | p. 68 |
The quantum Fourier transform | p. 71 |
Eliminating the 2-Qbit gates | p. 76 |
Finding the period | p. 79 |
Calculating the periodic function | p. 83 |
The unimportance of small phase errors | p. 84 |
Period finding and factoring | p. 86 |
Searching with a quantum computer | p. 88 |
The nature of the search | p. 88 |
The Grover iteration | p. 89 |
How to construct W | p. 94 |
Generalization to several special numbers | p. 96 |
Searching for one out of four items | p. 98 |
Quantum error correction | p. 99 |
The miracle of quantum error correction | p. 99 |
A simplified example | p. 100 |
The physics of error generation | p. 109 |
Diagnosing error syndromes | p. 113 |
The 5-Qbit error-correcting code | p. 117 |
The 7-Qbit error-correcting code | p. 121 |
Operations on 7-Qbit codewords | p. 124 |
A 7-Qbit encoding circuit | p. 127 |
A 5-Qbit encoding circuit | p. 128 |
Protocols that use just a few Qbits | p. 136 |
Bell states | p. 136 |
Quantum cryptography | p. 137 |
Bit commitment | p. 143 |
Quantum dense coding | p. 146 |
Teleportation | p. 149 |
The GHZ puzzle | p. 154 |
Appendices | p. 159 |
Vector spaces: basic properties and Dirac notation | p. 159 |
Structure of the general 1-Qbit unitary transformation | p. 168 |
Structure of the general 1-Qbit state | p. 173 |
Spooky action at a distance | p. 175 |
Consistency of the generalized Born rule | p. 181 |
Other aspects of Deutsch's problem | p. 183 |
The probability of success in Simon's problem | p. 187 |
One way to make a cNOT gate | p. 189 |
A little elementary group theory | p. 193 |
Some simple number theory | p. 195 |
Period finding and continued fractions | p. 197 |
Better estimates of success in period finding | p. 201 |
Factoring and period finding | p. 203 |
Shor's 9-Qbit error-correcting code | p. 207 |
A circuit-diagrammatic treatment of the 7-Qbit code | p. 210 |
On bit commitment | p. 216 |
Index | p. 218 |
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