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9780521876582

Quantum Computer Science: An Introduction

by N. David Mermin
  • ISBN13:

    9780521876582

  • ISBN10:

    0521876583

  • eBook ISBN(s):

    9780511339820

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2007-09-17
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press

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Summary

In the 1990's it was realized that quantum physics has some spectacular applications in computer science. This book is a concise introduction to quantum computation, developing the basic elements of this new branch of computational theory without assuming any background in physics. It begins with an introduction to the quantum theory from a computer-science perspective. It illustrates the quantum-computational approach with several elementary examples of quantum speed-up, before moving to the major applications: Shor's factoring algorithm, Grover's search algorithm, and quantum error correction. The book is intended primarily for computer scientists who know nothing about quantum theory, but will also be of interest to physicists who want to learn the theory of quantum computation, and philosophers of science interested in quantum foundational issues. It evolved during six years of teaching the subject to undergraduates and graduate students in computer science, mathematics, engineering, and physics, at Cornell University.

Author Biography

N. David Mermin is Horace White Professor of Physics Emeritus at Cornell University.

Table of Contents

Prefacep. xi
A note on referencesp. xv
Cbits and Qbitsp. 1
What is a quantum computer?p. 1
Cbits and their statesp. 3
Reversible operations on Cbitsp. 8
Manipulating operations on Cbitsp. 11
Qbits and their statesp. 17
Reversible operations on Qbitsp. 19
Circuit diagramsp. 21
Measurement gates and the Born rulep. 23
The generalized Born rulep. 28
Measurement gates and state preparationp. 30
Constructing arbitrary 1- and 2-Qbit statesp. 32
Summary: Qbits versus Cbitsp. 34
General features and some simple examplesp. 36
The general computational processp. 36
Deutsch's problemp. 41
Why additional Qbits needn't mess things upp. 46
The Bernstein-Vazirani problemp. 50
Simon's problemp. 54
Constructing Toffoli gatesp. 58
Breaking RSA encryptionp. 63
Period finding, factoring, and cryptographyp. 63
Number-theoretic preliminariesp. 64
RSA encryptionp. 66
Quantum period finding: preliminary remarksp. 68
The quantum Fourier transformp. 71
Eliminating the 2-Qbit gatesp. 76
Finding the periodp. 79
Calculating the periodic functionp. 83
The unimportance of small phase errorsp. 84
Period finding and factoringp. 86
Searching with a quantum computerp. 88
The nature of the searchp. 88
The Grover iterationp. 89
How to construct Wp. 94
Generalization to several special numbersp. 96
Searching for one out of four itemsp. 98
Quantum error correctionp. 99
The miracle of quantum error correctionp. 99
A simplified examplep. 100
The physics of error generationp. 109
Diagnosing error syndromesp. 113
The 5-Qbit error-correcting codep. 117
The 7-Qbit error-correcting codep. 121
Operations on 7-Qbit codewordsp. 124
A 7-Qbit encoding circuitp. 127
A 5-Qbit encoding circuitp. 128
Protocols that use just a few Qbitsp. 136
Bell statesp. 136
Quantum cryptographyp. 137
Bit commitmentp. 143
Quantum dense codingp. 146
Teleportationp. 149
The GHZ puzzlep. 154
Appendicesp. 159
Vector spaces: basic properties and Dirac notationp. 159
Structure of the general 1-Qbit unitary transformationp. 168
Structure of the general 1-Qbit statep. 173
Spooky action at a distancep. 175
Consistency of the generalized Born rulep. 181
Other aspects of Deutsch's problemp. 183
The probability of success in Simon's problemp. 187
One way to make a cNOT gatep. 189
A little elementary group theoryp. 193
Some simple number theoryp. 195
Period finding and continued fractionsp. 197
Better estimates of success in period findingp. 201
Factoring and period findingp. 203
Shor's 9-Qbit error-correcting codep. 207
A circuit-diagrammatic treatment of the 7-Qbit codep. 210
On bit commitmentp. 216
Indexp. 218
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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