Race and Ethnic Relations American and Global Perspectives

by Marger, Martin N.

• ISBN13: 9780495003687
• ISBN10: 0495003689
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-08-03
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This text explores race and ethnic relations in a global context, while extensively covering groups and issues in the United States. The text's unique comparative approach is increasingly important and relevant in light of the growing ethnic diversity in a variety of societies as well as the prominence of ethnic conflicts throughout the world. This text offers instructors an opportunity to introduce comparative content in their courses while not sacrificing an American focus.

Table of Contents

Preface	xii
PART I: THE NATURE OF ETHNIC RELATIONS
Chapter 1: Introduction: Some Basic Concepts	4	(30)
Race and Ethnic Relations	8	(2)
Basic Questions	8	(1)
A Comparative Approach	9	(1)
Ethnic Groups	10	(6)
Characteristics of Ethnic Groups	10	(5)
Ethnicity as a Variable	15	(1)
Race	16	(8)
Race as a Biological Notion	17	(4)
The Social Construction of Race	21	(2)
Race and Ethnicity: A Synthesis	23	(1)
Racism	24	(8)
The Ideology of Racism	25	(2)
The Functions of Racism	27	(1)
The Development of Racism	28	(2)
Racism in Modern Thought	30	(2)
Summary	32	(1)
Suggested Readings	32	(2)
Chapter 2: Ethnic Stratification: Power and Inequality	34	(27)
Stratification Systems	34	(3)
Power and Stratification	35	(1)
Stratification and Ideology	35	(2)
Ethnic Stratification Systems	37	(9)
Minority Groups	37	(2)
Types of Minorities	39	(1)
Ethnic
Minorities	40	(1)
Dominant Groups	41	(3)
Middleman Minorities	44	(1)
The Relativity of Dominant and Minority Status	45	(1)
The Origins of Ethnic Stratification	46	(6)
Forms of Contact	46	(2)
Outcomes of Contact	48	(2)
Ethnic Strata: Clarity and Mobility	50	(2)
Minority Responses to Subordination	52	(2)
Pluralistic Minorities	52	(1)
Assimilationist Minorities	53	(1)
Secessionist Minorities	53	(1)
Militant Minorities	54	(1)
The Relationship between Social Class and Ethnicity	54	(5)
Ethnicity and Societal Power	56	(1)
Class and Ethnicity Reconsidered	57	(2)
Summary	59	(1)
Suggested Readings	59	(2)
Chapter 3: Techniques of Dominance: Prejudice and Discrimination	61	(37)
Prejudice	62	(10)
Stereotypes	63	(7)
Social Distance	70	(2)
Discrimination	72	(5)
Individual Discrimination	74	(1)
Institutional Discrimination	75	(2)
Theories of Prejudice and Discrimination	77	(18)
Psychological Theories	78	(3)
Normative Theories	81	(7)
Power-Conflict Theories	88	(7)
Theories of Prejudice and Discrimination: An Assessment	95	(1)
Summary	95	(1)
Suggested Readings	96	(2)
Chapter 4: Patterns of Ethnic Relations: Assimilation and Pluralism	98	(36)
Conflict and Order	98	(3)
Varieties of Ethnic Conflict	99	(1)
Theoretical Models of Ethnic Relations	100	(1)
Assimilation	101	(12)
Dimensions of Assimilation	102	(4)
Two Theories of Assimilation	106	(3)
Factors Affecting Assimilation	109	(2)
Assimilation as Public Policy	111	(2)
Segmented Assimilation	113	(1)
Pluralism	113	(9)
Equalitarian Pluralism	114	(4)
Inequalitarian Pluralism	118	(4)
The Variability of Ethnic Relations	122	(3)
A Typology of Multiethnic Societies	125	(3)
Colonial Societies	125	(2)
Corporate Pluralistic Societies	127	(1)
Assimilationist Societies	127	(1)
Summary	128	(1)
Suggested Readings	129	(5)
PART II: ETHNICITY IN THE UNITED STATES
Chapter 5: Foundations of the American Ethnic Hierarchy	134	(34)
Establishment of Anglo Dominance	135	(4)
Creation of the Dominant Ethnic Culture	136	(3)
European Immigration	139	(10)
The "Old Immigration": The First Great Wave	140	(4)
The "New Immigration": The Second Great Wave	144	(5)
The Newest Immigration	149	(11)
Characteristics of the Newest Immigration	151	(5)
Middle Eastern Americans	156	(3)
Contemporary Immigration as a Global Phenomenon	159	(1)
The American Ethnic Configuration	160	(5)
"Official" Racial and Ethnic Classification	161	(3)
The American Ethnic Hierarchy Today	164	(1)
Summary	165	(1)
Suggested Readings	166	(2)
Chapter 6: Native Americans	168	(27)
Conquest and Adaptation	169	(12)
European Contact	169	(1)
Displacement and Depopulation	170	(2)
Government Policies and American Indians	172	(7)
American Indian Demographics Today	179	(2)
American Indians in the Class System	181	(6)
Socioeconomic Status	181	(4)
Recent Economic Projects	185	(2)
Prejudice and Discrimination	187	(3)
Stereotyping	187	(3)
Assimilation and American Indians	190	(3)
Cultural Assimilation	190	(1)
Structural Assimilation	191	(2)
Summary	193	(1)
Suggested Readings	194	(1)
Chapter 7: Italian Americans	195	(24)
Immigration and Settlement	196	(3)
Urban Adjustment	198	(1)
The Italian American Population Today	199	(1)
Italian Americans in the Class System	199	(6)
Socioeconomic Status	200	(2)
Political and Economic Power	202	(3)
Prejudice and Discrimination	205	(5)
Images and Attitudes	206	(2)
The Durability of Italian Stereotypes	208	(1)
Prejudice and Discrimination Today	209	(1)
Assimilation among Italian Americans	210	(7)
Cultural Assimilation	211	(1)
Structural Assimilation	212	(2)
The Future of Ethnicity among Italian Americans and Other White Ethnics	214	(3)
Summary	217	(1)
Suggested Readings	218	(1)
Chapter 8: Jewish Americans	219	(30)
Immigration and Settlement	220	(5)
Immigration Patterns	220	(3)
Jewish Demography Today	223	(2)
Jewish Americans in the Class System	225	(8)
Ethnic and Class Factors in Upward Mobility	226	(5)
Political and Economic Power	231	(2)
Prejudice and Discrimination	233	(8)
The Elements of Anti-Semitism	233	(2)
Anti-Semitism in the United States	235	(6)
Assimilation Patterns of Jewish Americans	241	(6)
Cultural Assimilation	241	(1)
Structural Assimilation	242	(2)
The Range of Assimilation	244	(1)
The Future of Ethnicity among Jewish Americans	244	(3)
Summary	247	(1)
Suggested Readings	247	(2)
Chapter 9: African Americans	249	(54)
Development of the Black Minority	250	(19)
Slavery: Paternalistic Domination	250	(6)
Racial Caste: The Jim Crow Era	256	(4)
Fluid Competition: The Modern Era	260	(6)
Black Demography Today	266	(3)
African Americans in the Class System	269	(12)
The Economic Status of African Americans	269	(9)
African Americans and Societal Power	278	(3)
Prejudice and Discrimination	281	(13)
Changes in Patterns of Discrimination	282	(6)
Changes in Racial Attitudes	288	(6)
African Americans: Assimilation or Pluralism?	294	(6)
Cultural Assimilation	295	(1)
Structural Assimilation	295	(1)
Assimilation: African Americans and Other Ethnic Groups	296	(4)
Summary	300	(1)
Suggested Readings	301	(2)
Chapter 10: Hispanic Americans	303	(39)
The "In-Between" Status of Hispanics	304	(2)
Manner of Entry	304	(1)
Hispanic Americans and Race	305	(1)
The Development of the Latino Minority	306	(11)
Mexican Americans	306	(5)
Puerto Ricans in the United States	311	(1)
Cubans in the United States	312	(1)
Hispanic American Demographics Today	313	(4)
Latinos in the Class System	317	(9)
Socioeconomic Status	317	(5)
Latinos and Political Power	322	(4)
Prejudice and Discrimination	326	(6)
Hispanic Stereotypes	326	(4)
Discriminatory Actions	330	(2)
Hispanic American Assimilation	332	(7)
Patterns of Assimilation	333	(4)
Internal Colonialism and Hispanic Americans	337	(2)
Assimilation versus Pluralism: The Future	339	(1)
Summary	339	(1)
Suggested Readings	340	(2)
Chapter 11: Asian Americans	342	(37)
Immigration and Settlement	343	(10)
The First Wave	343	(2)
The Second Wave	345	(6)
Asian American Demographics Today	351	(2)
Asian Americans in the Class System	353	(14)
Socioeconomic Status	353	(5)
Ethnic and Class Factors in Upward Mobility	358	(3)
Asian Americans and Political Power	361	(1)
Prejudice and Discrimination	362	(1)
The Anti-Asian Heritage	363	(4)
Prejudice and Discrimination
in the Modern Era	367	(3)
Asian Americans as a "Model Minority"	370	(2)
Assimilation among Asian Americans	372	(4)
Chinese and Japanese Patterns	372	(2)
The Future Path of Asian American Assimilation	374	(2)
Summary	376	(1)
Suggested Readings	377	(2)
Chapter 12: Current and Future Issues of Race and Ethnicity in the United States	379	(31)
The Continuing Gap between Euro-Americans and Racial-Ethnic Minorities	380	(10)
Compensatory Policies	381	(1)
Affirmative Action: The Debate	382	(2)
The Legal Issues of Affirmative Action	384	(3)
The Politics of Affirmative Action	387	(2)
The Future of Affirmative Action	389	(1)
Issues of the Newest Immigration	390	(9)
Economic Issues	390	(3)
Social and Cultural Issues	393	(3)
Issues of Immigrant Adaptation and Integration	396	(2)
A Revitalized Nativism?	398	(1)
Cultural Assimilation or Pluralism? Competing Goals	399	(5)
Multiculturalism: The New Pluralism	400	(2)
Looking Ahead	402	(2)
Summary	404	(1)
Suggested Readings	405	(5)
PART III: ETHNIC RELATIONS IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
Chapter 13: South Africa: Society in Transition	410	(33)
The Development of Ethnic Inequality	411	(5)
White Settlement	411	(2)
The British Entrance	413	(2)
The Nationalist Ascendancy	415	(1)
Ethnic Stratification	416	(6)
The Whites	417	(2)
The Coloureds	419	(1)
The Asians	420	(1)
The Africans	421	(1)
Prejudice and Discrimination	422	(10)
The Dynamics of Apartheid	422	(4)
Apartheid and Economic Inequality	426	(2)
Enforcement of Apartheid: Coercion	428	(1)
Socialization to Apartheid: Ideology	429	(3)
Forces of Change: Building a New Society	432	(7)
Changes in the Political System	432	(2)
Looking Beyond	434	(5)
Summary	439	(2)
Suggested Readings	441	(2)
Chapter 14: Brazil: Ethnic Paradise?	443	(36)
Major Features of Brazilian Society	444	(1)
Development of the Brazilian Ethnic Mélange	445	(7)
The Brazilian and American Slave Systems	446	(5)
European Immigration	451	(1)
Ethnic Stratification	452	(9)
The Brazilian Multiracial System	453	(4)
The Brazilian Ethnic Hierarchy	457	(4)
Prejudice and Discrimination	461	(7)
Prejudice	462	(3)
Patterns of Discrimination	465	(3)
Stability and Change	468	(8)
The Goal of Assimilation	468	(1)
A Faux Racial Democracy?	469	(4)
Changing Patterns of Ethnic Relations	473	(2)
Looking Beyond: Different and the Same	475	(1)
Summary	476	(2)
Suggested Readings	478	(1)
Chapter 15: Canada: Ethnic Model of the Future?	479	(37)
Formation of the Canadian Ethnic Mosaic	481	(17)
The Evolution of Two Nations: The English-French Schism	481	(10)
Canada's Other Ethnic Groups: The Third Force	491	(4)
Aboriginal Peoples	495	(3)
Ethnic Stratification	498	(4)
The Vertical Mosaic	499	(1)
Ethnicity and Class in Canada Today	500	(2)
Prejudice and Discrimination	502	(4)
Immigration and Racism	502	(2)
Ethnic Attitudes	504	(1)
Discriminatory Actions	505	(1)
Stability and Change	506	(7)
Melting Pot versus Mosaic	506	(1)
Explaining Canadian Pluralism	507	(2)
Multiculturalism in the Modern Era	509	(2)
Looking Beyond	511	(2)
Summary	513	(2)
Suggested Readings	515	(1)
Chapter 16: Northern Ireland: Enduring Ethnic Conflict?	516	(31)
Historical Development of Ethnic Relations	518	(6)
The Plantation of Ulster	519	(1)
Home Rule and Irish Rebellion	520	(1)
The Civil Rights Movement	521	(1)
The Troubles	522	(2)
Ethnic Stratification	524	(6)
The Protestants	524	(1)
The Catholics	525	(1)
Ethnic Boundaries and Identity	526	(1)
Class Divisions	527	(1)
Political Power	528	(2)
Prejudice and Discrimination	530	(4)
Protestant and Catholic Prejudice	530	(2)
Discrimination	532	(2)
Northern Ireland as a Pluralistic Society	534	(5)
Cultural Pluralism	534	(1)
Structural Pluralism	535	(4)
Stability and Change	539	(5)
The Peace Process	539	(2)
Looking Beyond	541	(3)
Summary	544	(1)
Suggested Readings	545	(2)
Chapter 17: Global Issues of Ethnic Conflict and Change	547	(27)
The Global Expansion of Ethnic Diversity	548	(6)
Shifting Patterns of Immigration	548	(2)
Immigration and Ethnic Change in Western Europe	550	(4)
The Resurgence of Ethnic Nationalism	554	(13)
Forms of Ethnic Nationalism	555	(1)
The Breakup of Yugoslavia	556	(11)
The Exploitation of Ethnicity	567	(1)
The Endurance of Ethnic Conflict and Change	567	(5)
Stimulants of Conflict	568	(2)
The Containment of Ethnic Conflict	570	(2)
Summary	572	(1)
Suggested Readings	572	(2)
Glossary	574	(7)
References	581	(41)
Index	622