Race, Gender, and Rank

by Horowitz, Maryanne Cline

• ISBN13: 9781878822154
• ISBN10: 1878822152
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1992-11-01
• Publisher: Univ of Rochester Pr

Summary

The essays in Race, Gender, and Rankexamine major cultural transformations from the 15th through to the 19th centuries. European colonization within and outside Europe increased 'race-consciousness as a category of thought. From Christine de Pizan to Mary Wollstonecraft, feminist intellectuals raised consciousness of the ways societal institutions moulded men and women into specific gender roles, yet still the double standard persisted. The transformation of 'rank-consciousness' to 'class-consciousness' began in the ferment before the French Revolution and culminated in Karl Marx. Nevertheless, current controversy focuses on the liberal John Locke, who declared the natural right of life, liberty, and property, yet remained ambiguous on the slave trade and on the citizenship rights of those who own no property. Dr MARYANNE C. HOROWITZ is Professor of History, Occidental College, and Research Associate, University of California, Los Angeles. Contributors: MARYANNE CLINE HOROWITZ, JEFFREY L. KLAIBER, CLAUDINE HUNTING, WAYNE GLAUSSER, HERMAN LEBOVICS, JOHN C. GREENE, REGINALD HORSMAN, ASTRIK L. GABRIEL, NADIA MARGOLIS, KEITH THOMAS, JEROME NADELHAFT, G.J. BARKER-BENFIELD, CHARLES CONSTANTIN, STEVEN WALLECH, DALLAS L. CLOUATRE, MARCIA L. COLISH, JUDITH RICHARDS, LOTTE MULLIGAN, JOHN K. GRAHAM, JOHN C. WINFREY/I>and NORMAN S. FIERING.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements	vii
Introduction: Race, Gender, and Rank	ix
Maryanne Cline Horowitz
PART ONE: RACE AND ETHNICITY
The Posthumous Christianization of the Inca Empire in Colonial Peru	3	(14)
Jeffrey L. Klaiber
The Philosophes and Black Slavery: 1748-1765	17	(14)
Claudine Hunting
Three Approaches to Locke and the Slave Trade	31	(18)
Wayne Glausser
The Uses of America in Locke's Second Treatise of Government	49	(15)
Herman Lebovics
The American Debate on the Negro's Place in Nature, 1780-1815	64	(13)
John C. Greene
Origins of Racial Anglo-Saxonism in Great Britain before 1850	77	(26)
Reginald Horsman
PART TWO: GENDER DISTINCTIONS
The Educational Ideas of Christine de Pizan	103	(19)
Astrik L. Gabriel
Christine de Pizan: The Poetess as Historian	122	(15)
Nadia Margolis
The Double Standard	137	(22)
Keith Thomas
The Englishwoman's Sexual Civil War: Feminist Attitudes Towards Men, Women, and Marriage 1650-1740	159	(25)
Jerome Nadelhaft
Mary Wollstonecraft: Eighteenth-Century Commonwealthwoman	184	(21)
G. J. Barker-Benfield
The Eleventh Commandment: Sex and Spirit in Wollstonecraft and Malthus	205	(24)
Mervyn Nicholson
PART THREE: POLITICS AND ECONOMICS OF RANK
Social Equalitarianism in a Tudor Crisis	229	(21)
W. Gordon Zeeveld
The Puritan Ethic and the Dignity of Labor: Hierarchy vs. Equality	250	(19)
Charles Constantin
``Class versus Rank'': The Transformation of Eighteenth-Century English Social Terms and Theories of Production	269	(23)
Steven Wallech
The Concept of Class in French Culture Prior to the Revolution	292	(29)
Dallas L. Clouatre
PART FOUR: HUMAN NATURE AND COMPASSION
The Mime of God: Vives on the Nature of Man	321	(18)
Marcia L. Colish
``Property'' and ``People``: Political Usages of Locke and Some Contemporaties	339	(23)
Judith Richards
Lotte Mulligan
John K. Graham
Charity versus Justice in Locke's Theory of Property	362	(16)
John C. Winfrey
Irresistible compassion: An Aspect of Eighteenth-Century Sympathy and Humanitarianism	378
Norman S. Fiering