Radiation Treatment and Radiation Reactions in Dermatology

by Panizzon, Renato G.; Cooper, Jay Scott

• ISBN13: 9783540003458
• ISBN10: 3540003452
• Edition: Revised
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-08-30
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Since the incidence of skin neoplasms is constantly increasing as the population ages, there is a need for a monograph about radiation treatment of skin neoplasms and diseases. Excellent cosmetic and functional results can be shown with this treatment modality. This book comprehensively examines the indications for radiation therapy of cutaneous cancers, pre-cancerous lesions and benign dermatological disorders. The monograph provides concise introduction to physical and radiobiological principles, selection of radiation factors, dose definitions, as well as radiation reactions and risk assessments. Specific indications for radiotherapy of cutaneous neoplasms and radiation protection measures are discussed. Topics include radiation therapy of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, lymphomas, Kaposi's sarcoma, Lentigo maligna melanoma, and Merkel cell tumor. A separate chapter discusses the skin reactions after nuclear accidents. Major scientific publications of the past 10 years are reviewed.

Table of Contents

Physical Aspects of Dermatologic Radiation Therapy	1	(16)
Howard Elson
Abstract	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(1)
Production of Electromagnetic Radiation	2	(2)
Brachytherapy	4	(1)
Production of Electron Beams	4	(1)
Photon Interactions and Attenuation	5	(2)
Electron Interactions and Attenuation	7	(1)
Shielding of Normal Tissues	7	(1)
Calibration and Units of Radiation	7	(1)
Dose Delivery: A Primer	8	(3)
Appendix 1: Photon Characteristics	11	(1)
Appendix 2: Details of the X-Ray Tube Spectrum	11	(1)
Appendix 3: The Photoelectric and Compton Processes	11	(1)
Appendix 4: The Linear Attenuation Coefficient	12	(1)
Appendix 5: Traditional Measurement of Ionization and Conversion to Absorbed Doses	12	(1)
Appendix 6: Treatment Time Calculations	13	(2)
References	15	(2)
Radiobiology of the Skin	17	(8)
Frederick D. Malkinson
Abstract	17	(1)
Mechanisms of Radiation Injury	17	(1)
Cellular Effects of Radiation	18	(1)
DNA and Chromosome Damage	18	(1)
Cell Cycle Effects	18	(1)
Division Delay	18	(1)
Radiation Modifiers	19	(1)
Oxygen as a Radiosensitizer	19	(1)
Electron-affinic Agents as Radiosensitizers	19	(1)
Hyperthermia-Induced Radiosensitization	19	(1)
Pharmacologic and Biologic Modifiers	20	(1)
Radioprotectors	20	(1)
Radiobiology of Skin and Hair	20	(1)
Radiobiology of Melanocytes	21	(1)
Radiobiology of Langerhans' Cells	21	(1)
Radiobiological Effects in Certain Genetic Disorders	22	(1)
References	22	(3)
Equipment and Financial Aspects in an Office Setting	25	(8)
Adam B. Bodian
Abstract	25	(2)
X-Ray Treatment Quality Assurance Procedure	27	(4)
References	31	(2)
Radiation Therapy of Benign Dermatoses	33	(8)
Renato G. Panizzon
Abstract	33	(1)
General Considerations	33	(1)
Eczema/Eczematous Dermatitis	34	(2)
Psoriasis	36	(1)
Keloids	37	(1)
Lymphocytoma Cutis (Pseudolymphoma)	37	(1)
Other Benign Dermatoses	38	(1)
References	39	(2)
Grenz Ray Therapy of Benign Skin Diseases	41	(8)
Matthew P. Olivo
Abstract	41	(1)
Historical Background of Grenz Rays	41	(1)
Physics	41	(1)
Equipment and Its Calibration	42	(1)
Companies That Manufacture, Sell or Service Grenz Ray Machines	43	(1)
Experimental Evidence for the Therapeutic Effect of Grenz Rays	43	(1)
Benign Conditions Suitable for Grenz Ray Therapy	44	(1)
Other Indications	45	(1)
Treatment Schedule	45	(1)
Side Effects and Safety Issues	46	(1)
References	46	(3)
Superficial Radiation Therapy in an Office Setting	49	(14)
Douglas W. Johnson
Michael R. Webster
Abstract	49	(1)
Introduction	49	(1)
Selecting a Unit for Your Personal Office	49	(1)
Administrative Guidelines	50	(1)
Why Perform Superficial Radiotherapy?	50	(2)
How We Perform Radiotherapy	52	(1)
Conclusion	53	(7)
Appendix 1: A Comparison of Guidelines in the United States and Australia	60	(2)
References	62	(1)
Staging of Skin Tumors: A Mirror of Their Biologic Behavior	63	(6)
Jay S. Cooper
Abstract	63	(1)
Basal Cell Carcinoma/Squamous Cell Carcinoma	63	(1)
Cutaneous Lymphomas	64	(1)
Kaposi's Sarcoma	65	(1)
Melanoma	65	(2)
References	67	(2)
Treatment of Skin Carcinomas and Keratoacanthoma	69	(20)
Massimo Caccialanza
Abstract	69	(1)
Indications for Radiotherapy	69	(1)
Contraindications for Radiotherapy	70	(1)
Selection of Radiation Quality	71	(2)
Radiation Dose and Dose Fractionation	73	(2)
Accuracy of Targeting	75	(2)
Results	77	(7)
References	84	(5)
Electron Beam Therapy	89	(8)
John C. Breneman
Abstract	89	(1)
Physical and Biologic Interactions	90	(1)
Production of Electron Beam Radiation	91	(1)
Total Skin Electron Irradiation	92	(1)
Treatment Regimens and Results of Total Skin Electron Irradiation	93	(1)
Toxicity of Total Skin Electron Irradiation	94	(1)
Localized Skin Lesions, Including Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Carcinomas	94	(1)
References	95	(2)
Radiation Treatment of Skin Lymphomas	97	(12)
Simon G. Russell
Margaret F. Spittle
Abstract	97	(1)
Introduction	97	(1)
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL)	98	(1)
Mycosis Fungoides	98	(1)
Total-Skin Electron Beam Therapy (TSEB)	99	(4)
Toxicity of TSEB	103	(1)
Results of TSEB	103	(1)
Localized Treatment of MF	104	(1)
Other CTCLs	104	(1)
Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas (CBCL)	104	(2)
Cutaneous Hodgkin's Lymphoma	106	(1)
References	107	(2)
Radiation Treatment of Cutaneous Lymphomas (Mycosis Fungoides) -- The Indian Experience	109	(12)
Kaushal K. Verma
Dillip K. Parida
Abstract	109	(1)
Background	110	(1)
Epidemiology	110	(1)
Etiopathogenesis	110	(1)
Clinical Presentation	111	(1)
Sezary Syndrome	112	(1)
Internal Organs	112	(1)
Diagnosis	112	(1)
Prognosis	113	(1)
Patient Evaluation	113	(1)
Principles of Management	114	(1)
Skin-Directed Radiation Therapies	114	(1)
The Indian Experience	115	(2)
Re-irradiation with TSEI	117	(1)
References	118	(3)
Radiation Therapy for Kaposi's Sarcoma	121	(12)
Jay S. Cooper
Abstract	121	(1)
General Considerations	121	(3)
Etiology	124	(1)
Treatment	124	(3)
Review of the Literature	127	(2)
Conclusions	129	(1)
References	129	(4)
Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma	133	(2)
Jay S. Cooper
Abstract	133	(1)
References	134	(1)
Radiation Therapy of Melanomas	135	(8)
Renato G. Panizzon
Jay S. Cooper
Abstract	135	(1)
General Considerations	135	(1)
Potentially Curative Radiation Therapy	135	(1)
Experimental Findings	136	(1)
Review of the Literature	137	(1)
Clinical Indications	137	(2)
Elective Radiation Therapy	139	(1)
Palliative Radiation Therapy	139	(1)
References	140	(3)
Long-Term (Chronic, Late) Radiation Reactions of the Skin	143	(16)
Ludwig Suter
Abstract	143	(1)
Chronic Radiodermatitis	144	(2)
Molecular Basis of the Observed Changes	146	(1)
Radiogenic Ulcers	147	(1)
Standardized Evaluation of Late Radiation Sequelae	148	(1)
Radiogenic Skin Cancer	148	(5)
References	153	(6)
Management of Skin Injuries Following Incidental Exposure to Ionizing Radiation	159	(6)
Ralf U. Peter
Abstract	159	(1)
Introduction and Relevance	159	(1)
Pathophysiology of Cutaneous Radiation Reactions	159	(1)
Clinical Features of and Diagnostic Difficulties in the Cutaneous Radiation Syndrome (CRS)	160	(2)
Therapeutic Consequences	162	(1)
References	163	(2)
Subject Index	165