Radiative Heat Transfer

by Modest

• ISBN13: 9780125031639
• ISBN10: 0125031637
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-03-07
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Every chapter of Radiative Heat Transfer offers uncluttered nomenclature, numerous worked examples, and a large number of problems - many based on "real world" situations, making it ideal for classroom use as well as for self-study. The book's 22 chapters cover the four major areas in the field: surface properties; surface transport; properties of participating media; and transfer through participating media. Within each chapter, all analytical methods are developed in substantial detail, and a number of examples show how the developed relations may be applied to practical problems. · Extensive solution manual for adopting instructors · Most complete text in the field of radiative heat transfer · Many worked examples and end-of-chapter problems · Large number of computer codes (in Fortran and C++), ranging from basic problem solving aids to sophisticated research tools · Covers experimental methods

Table of Contents

Preface to the Second Edition	xiv
List of Symbols	xvii
1 Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation	1	(29)
1.1 Introduction	1	(2)
1.2 The Nature of Thermal Radiation	3	(1)
1.3 Basic Laws of Thermal Radiation	4	(2)
1.4 Emissive Power	6	(5)
1.5 Solid Angles	11	(2)
1.6 Radiative Intensity	13	(3)
1.7 Radiative Heat Flux	16	(1)
1.8 Radiation Pressure	17	(1)
1.9 Visible Radiation (Luminance)	18	(2)
1.10 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Opaque Surfaces	20	(2)
1.11 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Gases	22	(2)
1.12 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Solids and Liquids	24	(1)
1.13 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Particles	24	(2)
1.14 Outline of Radiative Transport Theory	26	(1)
References	27	(1)
Problems	28	(2)
2 Radiative Property Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory	30	(31)
2.1 Introduction	30	(1)
2.2 The Macroscopic Maxwell Equations	31	(1)
2.3 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Unbounded Media	32	(5)
2.4 Polarization	37	(5)
2.5 Reflection and Transmission	42	(15)
2.6 Theories for Optical Constants	57	(3)
References	60	(1)
Problems	60	(1)
3 Radiative Properties of Real Surfaces	61	(70)
3.1 Introduction	61	(1)
3.2 Definitions	62	(11)
3.3 Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory	73	(3)
3.4 Radiative Properties of Metals	76	(8)
3.5 Radiative Properties of Nonconductors	84	(6)
3.6 Effects of Surface Roughness	90	(5)
3.7 Effects of Surface Damage and Oxide Films	95	(1)
3.8 Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Sheets	96	(7)
3.9 Special Surfaces	103	(4)
3.10 Experimental Methods	107	(14)
References	121	(5)
Problems	126	(5)
4 View Factors	131	(31)
4.1 Introduction	131	(1)
4.2 Definition of View Factors	132	(4)
4.3 Methods for the Evaluation of View Factors	136	(1)
4.4 Area Integration	137	(4)
4.5 Contour Integration	141	(4)
4.6 View Factor Algebra	145	(4)
4.7 The Crossed-Strings Method	149	(7)
4.8 The Onside-Sphere Method	156	(1)
4.9 The Unit Sphere Method	156	(2)
References	158	(1)
Problems	158	(4)
5 Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces	162	(36)
5.1 Introduction	162	(1)
5.2 Radiative Exchange Between Black Surfaces	163	(5)
5.3 Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces	168	(7)
5.4 Electrical Network Analogy	175	(4)
5.5 Solution Methods for the Governing Integral Equations	179	(19)
References
Problems
6 Radiative Exchange Between Partially-Specular Gray Surfaces	198	(35)
6.1 Introduction	198	(2)
6.2 Specular View Factors	200	(3)
6.3 Enclosures with Partially-Specular Surfaces	203	(13)
6.4 Electrical Network Analogy	216	(1)
6.5 Radiation Shields	217	(2)
6.6 Semitransparent Sheets (Windows)	219	(4)
6.7 Solution of the Governing Integral Equation	223	(2)
6.8 Concluding Remarks	225	(1)
References	226	(1)
Problems	227	(6)
7 Radiative Exchange Between Nonideal Surfaces	233	(17)
7.1 Introduction	233	(1)
7.2 Radiative Exchange Between Nongray Surfaces	234	(4)
7.3 Directionally Nonideal Surfaces	238	(8)
7.4 Analysis for Arbitrary Surface Characteristics	246	(1)
References	247	(1)
Problems	248	(2)
8 Surface Radiative Exchange in the Presence of Conduction and Convection	250	(13)
8.1 Introduction	250	(1)
8.2 Conduction and Surface Radiation-Fins	251	(3)
8.3 Convection and Surface Radiation	254	(4)
References	258	(3)
Problems	261	(2)
9 The Equation of Radiative Transfer in Participating Media	263	(25)
9.1 Introduction	263	(1)
9.2 Radiative Intensity in Vacuum	264	(1)
9.3 Attenuation by Absorption and Scattering	265	(2)
9.4 Augmentation by Emission and Scattering	267	(2)
9.5 The Equation of Transfer	269	(2)
9.6 Formal Solution to the Equation of Transfer	271	(3)
9.7 Boundary Conditions for the Equation of Transfer	274	(1)
9.8 Radiation Energy Density	275	(1)
9.9 Radiative Heat Flux	276	(1)
9.10 Divergence of the Radiative Heat Flux	277	(2)
9.11 Integral Formulation of the Equation of Transfer	279	(2)
9.12 Overall Energy Conservation	281	(1)
9.13 Solution Methods for the Equation of Transfer	282	(2)
References	284	(1)
Problems	285	(3)
10 Radiative Properties of Molecular Gases	288	(73)
10.1 Fundamental Principles	288	(2)
10.2 Emission and Absorption Probabilities	290	(2)
10.3 Atomic and Molecular Spectra	292	(5)
10.4 Line Radiation	297	(7)
10.5 Spectral Models for Radiative Transfer Calculations	304	(3)
10.6 Narrow Band Models	307	(10)
10.7 Narrow Band k-Distributions	317	(7)
10.8 Wide Band Models	324	(15)
10.9 Total Emissivity and Mean Absorption Coefficient	339	(7)
10.10 Experimental Methods	346	(6)
References	352	(4)
Problems	356	(5)
11 Radiative Properties of Particulate Media	361	(52)
11.1 Introduction	361	(1)
11.2 Absorption and Scattering from a Single Sphere	362	(6)
11.3 Radiative Properties of a Particle Cloud	368	(5)
11.4 Radiative Properties of Small Spheres (Rayleigh Scattering)	373	(2)
11.5 Rayleigh-Gans Scattering	375	(1)
11.6 Anomalous Diffraction	376	(1)
11.7 Radiative Properties of Large Spheres	377	(6)
11.8 Absorption and Scattering by Long Cylinders	383	(2)
11.9 Approximate Scattering Phase Functions	385	(5)
11.10 Experimental Determination of Radiative Properties of Particles	390	(4)
11.11 Radiation Properties of Combustion Particles	394	(11)
References	405	(5)
Problems	410	(3)
12 Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Media	413	(10)
12.1 Introduction	413	(1)
12.2 Absorption by Semitransparent Solids	414	(2)
12.3 Absorption by Semitransparent Liquids	416	(2)
12.4 Experimental Methods	418	(3)
References	421	(1)
Problems	422	(1)
13 Exact Solutions for One-Dimensional Gray Media	423	(26)
13.1 Introduction	423	(1)
13.2 General Formulation for a Plane-Parallel Medium	424	(4)
13.3 Radiative Equilibrium of a Nonscattering Medium	428	(5)
13.4 Radiative Equilibrium of a Scattering Medium	433	(1)
13.5 Plane Medium with Specified Temperature Field	434	(2)
13.6 Radiative Transfer in Spherical Media	436	(4)
13.7 Radiative Transfer in Cylindrical Media	440	(4)
13.8 Numerical Solution of the Governing Integral Equations	444	(1)
References	445	(1)
Problems	446	(3)
14 Approximate Solution Methods for One-Dimensional Media	449	(16)
14.1 The Optically Thin Approximation	450	(1)
14.2 The Optically Thick Approximation (Diffusion Approximation)	451	(5)
14.3 The Schuster-Schwarzschild Approximation	456	(2)
14.4 The Milne-Eddington Approximation (Moment Method)	458	(3)
14.5 The Exponential Kernel Approximation	461	(2)
References	463	(1)
Problems	463	(2)
15 The Method of Spherical Harmonics (PN-Approximation)	465	(33)
15.1 Introduction	465	(1)
15.2 Development of the General PN-Approximation	466	(3)
15.3 Boundary Conditions for the PN-Method	469	(3)
15.4 The P1-Approximation	472	(7)
15.5 P3-and Higher-Order Approximations	479	(4)
15.6 Enhancements to the P1-Approximation	483	(9)
References	492	(2)
Problems	494	(4)
16 The Method of Discrete Ordinates (SN-Approximation)	498	(41)
16.1 Introduction	498	(1)
16.2 General Relations	499	(3)
16.3 The One-Dimensional Slab	502	(5)
16.4 One-Dimensional Concentric Spheres and Cylinders	507	(6)
16.5 Multidimensional Problems	513	(10)
16.6 The Finite Volume Method	523	(6)
16.7 Other Related Methods	529	(1)
16.8 Concluding Remarks	530	(1)
References	530	(6)
Problems	536	(3)
17 The Zonal Method	539	(26)
17.1 Introduction	539	(1)
17.2 Surface Exchange - No Participating Medium	539	(6)
17.3 Radiative Exchange in Gray Absorbing/Emitting Media	545	(6)
17.4 Radiative Exchange in Gray Media with Isotropic Scattering	551	(7)
17.5 Radiative Exchange through a Nongray Medium	558	(3)
17.6 Determination of Direct Exchange Areas	561	(1)
References	561	(1)
Problems	562	(3)
18 The Treatment of Collimated Irradiation	565	(16)
18.1 Introduction	565	(3)
18.2 Reduction of the Problem	568	(3)
18.3 The Modified P1-Approximation with Collimated Irradiation	571	(3)
18.4 Short-Pulsed Collimated Irradiation with Transient Effects	574	(3)
References	577	(2)
Problems	579	(2)
19 The Treatment of Nongray Extinction Coefficients	581	(63)
19.1 Introduction	581	(2)
19.2 The Mean Beam Length Method	583	(6)
19.3 Semigray Approximations	589	(3)
19.4 The Stepwise-Gray Model (Box Model)	592	(11)
19.5 General Band Model Formulation	603	(8)
19.6 The Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (WSGG) Model	611	(5)
19.7 k-Distribution Models	616	(1)
19.8 The Full-Spectrum k-Distribution (FSK) Method	617	(20)
References	637	(4)
Problems	641	(3)
20 The Monte Carlo Method for Thermal Radiation	644	(36)
20.1 Introduction	644	(4)
20.2 Numerical Quadrature by Monte Carlo	648	(1)
20.3 Heat Transfer Relations for Radiative Exchange Between Surfaces	649	(2)
20.4 Random Number Relations for Surface Exchange	651	(4)
20.5 Surface Description	655	(1)
20.6 Ray Tracing	655	(3)
20.7 Heat Transfer Relations for Participating Media	658	(1)
20.8 Random Number Relations for Participating Media	659	(7)
20.9 Overall Energy Conservation	666	(1)
20.10 Efficiency Considerations	667	(2)
20.11 Backward Monte Carlo	669	(4)
20.12 Example Problems	673	(3)
References	676	(2)
Problems	678	(2)
21 Radiation Combined with Conduction and Convection	680	(49)
21.1 Introduction	680	(1)
21.2 Combined Radiation and Conduction	681	(8)
21.3 Melting and Solidification with Internal Radiation	689	(6)
21.4 Combined Radiation and Convection in Boundary Layers	695	(5)
21.5 Combined Radiation and Free Convection	700	(1)
21.6 Combined Radiation and Convection in Internal Flow	700	(5)
21.7 Combined Radiation and Combustion	705	(2)
21.8 Interfacing Between Turbulent Flow Fields and Radiation	707	(3)
21.9 Interaction of Radiation with Turbulence	710	(5)
References	715	(12)
Problems	727	(2)
22 Inverse Radiative Heat Transfer	729	(14)
22.1 Introduction	729	(1)
22.2 Solution Methods	730	(2)
22.3 The Levenberg-Marquardt Method	732	(1)
22.4 The Conjugate Gradient Method	732	(1)
22.5 Inverse Surface Radiation	733	(3)
22.6 Inverse Radiation in Participating Media	736	(3)
References	739	(3)
Problems	742	(3)
A Constants and Conversion Factors	743	(2)
B Tables for Radiative Properties of Opaque Surfaces	745	(14)
References	758	(4)
C Blackbody Emissive Power Table	759	(3)
D View Factor Catalogue	762	(17)
References	773	(6)
E Exponential Integral Functions	779	(3)
References	781	(1)
F Computer Codes	782	(7)
References	788	(1)
Acknowledgments	789	(3)
Author Index	792	(16)
Subject Index	808