Radio Spectrum Management

by Withers, D. J.

• ISBN13: 9780852967706
• ISBN10: 0852967705
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-11-01
• Publisher: Inst of Engineering & Technology

Summary

A review of the administrative, regulatory and technical measures applied to the main radio services today. Will include general principles of national spectrum management, management methods applicable to the fixed service below 30 MHz, HF broadcasting, broadcasting at LF/MF, VHF and UHF, the fixed service above 30 MHz, maritime and land mobile services, satellite broadcasting and the fixed satellite service.

Author Biography

David Withers, OBE FIEE retired from British Telecom in 1984 as Chief Engineer of its International Division.

Table of Contents

Principal abbreviations used in the text	x
Preface	xv
Introduction	1	(6)
Reference	6	(1)
The International Telecommunication Union	7	(18)
The evolution of the ITU	7	(6)
The Union, post-1994	13	(4)
The Readiocommunication Sector	17	(6)
References	23	(2)
Frequency allocation	25	(16)
The international frequency allocation table	25	(8)
International frequency allocations and changing needs	33	(4)
National frequency allocation tables	37	(1)
References	38	(3)
Frequency assignment	41	(40)
The frequency assignment process	41	(17)
Licensing a private microwave fixed link	41	(6)
Frequency assignment for other kinds of system	47	(3)
Choice of frequencies for assignment	50	(5)
Non-mandatory international frequency coordination	55	(3)
Efficiency in spectrum utilisation	58	(11)
The concept of efficient spectrum use	58	(3)
The bandwidth of emissions	61	(3)
A clean radio environment	64	(3)
Enhanced spectrum utilisation efficiency by regulation	67	(2)
Licensing and licence fee policy	69	(5)
The requirement for licensing	69	(1)
Licensing non-commercial radio users	69	(1)
Conventional procedures for licensing commercial radio users	70	(1)
Spectrum pricing	71	(1)
The application of spectrum pricing	72	(2)
Identification of stations and emissions	74	(1)
Interference	75	(3)
References	78	(3)
Frequency and planning and mandatory frequency coordination	81	(38)
Introduction	81	(1)
Frequency coordination for satellite and terrestrial services	82	(28)
Coordination between satellite networks	82	(10)
The criterion for coordination between GSO networks	92	(1)
Band sharing by GSO satellite networks and terrestrial stations	93	(9)
Band sharing by quasi-GSO satellite networks and terrestrial stations	102	(1)
Band sharing for non-GSO satellite systems and terrestrial stations under RR Resolution 46	103	(2)
Acceptable levels of interference	105	(3)
Geostationary network coordination in practice	108	(2)
Miscellaneous allocations requiring coordination	110	(1)
International planning of frequency band utilisation	110	(3)
References	113	(6)
The fixed service	119	(18)
The FS operating below 30 MHz	119	(5)
VLF and LF systems	119	(1)
MF and HF systems	120	(4)
The FS operating above 30 MHz	124	(9)
Frequency allocation and sharing	124	(4)
Line-of-sight systems, 30--100 MHz	128	(1)
Line-of-sight systems above 1 GHz	129	(2)
Trans-horizon systems	131	(2)
References	133	(4)
The broadcasting service	137	(28)
Introduction	137	(4)
The international regulatory background	137	(1)
National regulation of broadcasting	138	(3)
Sound broadcasting below 2 MHz	141	(6)
Tropical broadcasting, 2--5 MHz	147	(1)
HF sound broadcasting, 5.9--26.1 MHz	148	(4)
Sound and television broadcasting above 30 MHz	152	(10)
The frequency allocations	152	(3)
Television broadcasting	155	(5)
Sound broadcasting above 30 MHz	160	(2)
References	162	(3)
The mobile services	165	(28)
Introduction	165	(1)
The maritime mobile service below 30 MHz	166	(6)
The aeronautical mobile service below 30 MHz	172	(2)
The land mobile service below 30 MHz	174	(1)
Mobile services above 30 MHz	174	(11)
Frequency allocations and sharing	174	(2)
The MMS above 30 MHz	176	(1)
The AMS above 30 MHz	177	(1)
LMS radiotelephone networks	178	(5)
Miscellaneous narrow-band mobile systems above 30 MHz	183	(1)
Wide-band transportable systems	184	(1)
Licensing mobile radio stations	185	(2)
Distress and safety communication for mobile stations	187	(2)
References	189	(4)
The fixed-satellite service	193	(28)
Frequency allocations and sharing	193	(9)
Introduction	193	(1)
The FSS allocations, applications and sharing	194	(8)
Geostationary FSS networks	202	(10)
Technical factors affecting spectrum utilisation efficiency	202	(8)
Very small aperture terminals	210	(1)
International spectrum management for the FSS in the GSO	211	(1)
The spectrum and orbit allotment agreement	212	(3)
Non-GSO FSS systems	215	(2)
National regulation and spectrum management in the FSS	217	(1)
References	218	(3)
The broadcasting-satellite service	221	(18)
Introduction	221	(5)
Spectrum management and regulation of satellite broadcasting	226	(2)
The 12 GHz frequency assignment agreement for TV	228	(8)
The agreement and the plans	228	(4)
The implementation and evolution of the agreement	232	(2)
Frequency allocation sharing under the agreement	234	(2)
Satellite sound broadcasting	236	(1)
References	237	(2)
The mobile-satellite services	239	(16)
The services and their frequency allocations	239	(6)
The services	239	(1)
Frequency allocations and sharing	239	(6)
The commercial geostationary MSS systems	245	(2)
Non-GSO MSS systems	247	(3)
Little LEO systems	247	(1)
GMPCS systems	248	(1)
Spectrum management and regulation for GMPCS	249	(1)
Satellite news gathering	250	(1)
References	251	(4)
The amateur services	255	(6)
References	259	(2)
The science radio services	261	(16)
The services	261	(1)
The use of passive sensors	262	(5)
Protection of passive sensors from interference	262	(2)
Radio astronomy	264	(1)
Passive sensors for the SR and the EES	265	(2)
Active sensors for the SR and the EES	267	(1)
Communication bands for the science services	268	(5)
The EES, the MetS, the SR and the SO	268	(3)
The meteorological aids service	271	(2)
The standard frequency and time signal services	273	(1)
Managing spectrum for the science services	273	(1)
References	274	(3)
The inter-satellite service	277	(4)
References	279	(2)
Radionavigation and radiolocation	281	(8)
Introduction	281	(2)
International management of radiodetermination allocations	283	(4)
National spectrum management	287	(1)
References	288	(1)
Appendix: Radio propagation and radio noise	289	(54)
A1 Introduction	289	(1)
A2 Propagation by the tropospheric wave mode	290	(17)
A2.1 Propagation in free space	290	(3)
A2.2 Tropospheric phenomena	293	(1)
A2.2.1 Refraction	293	(4)
A2.2.2 The effects of solid obstructions	297	(4)
A2.2.3 The effects of rain and other airborne particles	301	(3)
A2.2.4 Absorption by atmospheric gases	304	(1)
A2.2.5 Effects of the ionosphere on transmitted waves	305	(2)
A3 Ground wave propagation	307	(2)
A4 Ionospheric wave propagation	309	(14)
A4.1 The ionosphere and its behaviour	309	(5)
A4.2 Ionospheric wave propagation below about 2 MHz	314	(3)
A4.3 Ionospheric wave propagation between 2 and 30 MHz	317	(6)
A5 Tropospheric scatter propagation	323	(1)
A6 Meteor-burst propagation	324	(1)
A7 The irregular propagation modes	324	(4)
A7.1 Ionospheric cross-modulation	325	(1)
A7.2 Irregular ionospheric propagation at HF	325	(1)
A7.3 F region propagation at VHF	325	(1)
A7.4 Sporadic E region ionisation	326	(1)
A7.5 Ionospheric forward Scatter at VHF	326	(1)
A7.6 Tropospheric ducts	326	(1)
A7.7 Reflection from aircraft	327	(1)
A7.8 Precipitation scatter	327	(1)
A8 Radio noise	328	(7)
A8.1 Introduction	328	(2)
A8.2 Predicted external noise levels	330	(1)
A8.2.1 Atmospheric noise	330	(1)
A8.2.2 Man-made noise	331	(1)
A8.2.3 Noise from the environment and beyond	331	(4)
A9 Prediction of radio link performance	335	(3)
A10 References	338	(5)
Index	343