Foreword | p. xiii |
Preface | p. xv |
Conversion from a Metric Unit to the English Equivalent | p. xvii |
Rangeland and Man | p. 1 |
Rangeland Defined | p. 1 |
Range Management Defined | p. 5 |
Relationship of Range Management to Other Disciplines | p. 6 |
The Importance of Rangelands to Humans | p. 8 |
Desertification | p. 16 |
Changes in the Amount of Rangeland | p. 17 |
Range Management Principles | p. 19 |
Literature Cited | p. 19 |
Range Management History | p. 21 |
The Origin of Range Science | p. 21 |
Chrological History of Livestock Grazing | p. 22 |
Government Land Policies | p. 32 |
Development of Range Management in Other Countries | p. 38 |
Range Management Principles | p. 39 |
Literature Cited | p. 39 |
Rangeland Physical Characteristics | p. 42 |
Precipitation | p. 42 |
Wind | p. 49 |
Temperature | p. 49 |
Frost-free Period | p. 50 |
Humidity | p. 50 |
Climate Types | p. 50 |
Topography | p. 54 |
Soils | p. 56 |
Influence of Rangeland Physical Characteristics upon Range Animals | p. 64 |
Range Management Principles | p. 65 |
Literature Cited | p. 67 |
Description of Rangeland Types | p. 69 |
Types of Rangeland | p. 69 |
Rangelands of the United States | p. 77 |
Range Management Principles | p. 109 |
Literature Cited | p. 109 |
Range Plant Physiology | p. 114 |
Basic Concepts | p. 114 |
Carbohydrate Reserves | p. 120 |
Water Relations | p. 123 |
Plant Morphology | p. 124 |
Reproduction | p. 126 |
Resistance to Grazing | p. 126 |
Grazing Optimization Theories | p. 131 |
Range Management Principles | p. 133 |
Literature Cited | p. 133 |
Range Ecology | p. 136 |
Ecology Defined | p. 136 |
Rangeland Ecosystem Components and Functions | p. 136 |
Importance of Rangeland Ecosystem Services | p. 144 |
Succession and Climax | p. 145 |
Drought | p. 164 |
Competition | p. 166 |
Plant Succession and Range Management: A Conclusion | p. 168 |
Range Management Principles | p. 168 |
Literature Cited | p. 169 |
Range Inventory and Monitoring | p. 175 |
Vegetational Mapping | p. 175 |
Determination of Vegetational Attributes | p. 178 |
Grazing Surveys | p. 181 |
Determining Grazing Intensity | p. 182 |
Range Condition | p. 184 |
Determining Trend | p. 191 |
Range Management Principles | p. 197 |
Literature Cited | p. 199 |
Considerations Concerning Stocking Rate | p. 203 |
Importance of Correct Stocking Rate | p. 203 |
Influence of Stocking Rate on Forage Production | p. 205 |
Flexible Versus Fixed Stocking Rates | p. 220 |
Grazing Intensity Considerations | p. 222 |
Adjustment for Distance from Water | p. 226 |
Adjustment for Slope | p. 226 |
Forage Demand by Grazing Animals | p. 227 |
Calculation of Stocking Rate | p. 228 |
Key-Plant and Key-Area Principles | p. 233 |
Forage Allocation to More than One Animal Species | p. 237 |
Conclusion | p. 239 |
Range Management Principles | p. 239 |
Literature Cited | p. 240 |
Selection of Grazing Methods | p. 247 |
Definition of Grazing System Terms | p. 247 |
Considerations in Grazing System Selection | p. 249 |
Grazing Systems for Riparian Zones | p. 277 |
Grazing Systems for Developing Countries | p. 280 |
Economic Advantages of Specialized Grazing Systems | p. 283 |
Range Management Principles | p. 284 |
Literature Cited | p. 285 |
Methods of Improving Livestock Distribution | p. 291 |
Factors Causing Poor Distribution | p. 291 |
Better Livestock Distribution Methods | p. 298 |
Range Management Principles | p. 307 |
Literature Cited | p. 307 |
Range Animal Nutrition | p. 310 |
Nutritional Components of Grazing Animal Foods | p. 310 |
Methods for Determining the Nutritional Value of Grazing Animal Diets | p. 313 |
Diet and Nutritional Quality of Livestock on Different Ranges | p. 313 |
Forage Intake of Grazing Animals | p. 315 |
Comparative Nutritive Value of Plant Parts | p. 315 |
Seasonal Effects on Forage Nutritional Quality | p. 318 |
Comparative Nutritive Value of Range Forages | p. 319 |
Comparative Nutrition of Grazing Animals | p. 327 |
How Grazing Animals Cope with Periods of Low Forage Quality | p. 337 |
Energy Expenditure by Grazing Animals | p. 338 |
Supplementing Range Livestock | p. 338 |
Range Livestock Nutritional Guidelines | p. 339 |
Range Management Principles | p. 346 |
Literature Cited | p. 347 |
Range Management for Multiple Use | p. 356 |
Herbage Residue and Multiple-Use Concepts | p. 356 |
Rangeland Hydrology | p. 357 |
Grazing Impacts on Watersheds | p. 364 |
Manipulation of Water Yield | p. 374 |
Timber Production and Grazing | p. 376 |
Management Systems for Trees, Livestock, and Wildlife | p. 380 |
Recreational Use of Rangelands | p. 384 |
Range Management Principles | p. 395 |
Literature Cited | p. 395 |
Range Livestock Production | p. 402 |
Economics of Range Livestock Production | p. 402 |
Management of Reproductive Efficiency | p. 414 |
Animal Selection | p. 419 |
Common-Use Grazing | p. 422 |
Livestock Management During Drought | p. 424 |
Poisonous Plant Problems | p. 431 |
Range Management Principles | p. 435 |
Literature Cited | p. 436 |
Range Wildlife Management | p. 440 |
Trends in Rangeland Wildlife Populations | p. 440 |
Basic Concepts Concerning Wildlife Habitat | p. 442 |
Grazing Effects on Rangeland Wildlife | p. 442 |
Grazing Methods for Wildlife Enhancement | p. 449 |
Provision of Forage to Big Game | p. 455 |
Impacts of Brush Control on Wildlife | p. 459 |
Game Ranching | p. 461 |
Wild Horses and Burros | p. 467 |
Small Mammals | p. 468 |
Insects | p. 471 |
Predators | p. 474 |
Threatened and Endangered Wildlife | p. 478 |
Range Management Principles | p. 478 |
Literature Cited | p. 479 |
Manipulation of Range Vegetation | p. 489 |
Rangeland Problems in the Western United States | p. 490 |
Control of Unwanted Plants | p. 494 |
Economic Considerations | p. 512 |
Considerations in Seeding | p. 516 |
Fertilization | p. 523 |
Forage Conservation | p. 527 |
Range Management Principles | p. 527 |
Literature Cited | p. 528 |
Range Management in Developing Countries | p. 533 |
Challenges to African Pastoralism | p. 534 |
Problems Relating to Livestock Numbers | p. 534 |
Land Tenure and Communal Grazing | p. 538 |
Problems Relating to Dry-Season Grazing | p. 540 |
Drought | p. 543 |
Development of Livestock Water | p. 545 |
Range Burning | p. 545 |
Range Problems in Latin America | p. 546 |
Agricultural Versus Industrial Development | p. 551 |
Range Management Principles | p. 552 |
Literature Cited | p. 552 |
Planning, Technology, and the Future | p. 556 |
Range Management Planning | p. 557 |
Technology and Computers | p. 562 |
System Analysis | p. 563 |
Virtual Reality | p. 567 |
Economic Analysis | p. 567 |
Computers and the Future | p. 568 |
Range Management Principles | p. 573 |
Literature Cited | p. 573 |
Index | p. 577 |
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