Reality Through the Arts

by Sporre, Dennis J.

• ISBN13: 9780130225658
• ISBN10: 0130225657
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Designed for those who have limited experience in the arts, the text is divided into two parts: "The Media of the Arts: What Artists Use to Express 'Realty'" and "The Styles of the Arts: How Artists Portray 'Reality.'" Part One examines the media of the arts by defining and explaining important terminology, discussing how works are composed, and suggesting ways in which art effects responses in viewers and listeners. Arranged chronologically, Part Two samples art from a variety of cultures, focusing on style as a reflection of expression and meaning.

Among the new features in this edition are:

• "Getting Started." Introductions to each of the two main sections of the book to help students understand the material ahead.
• Chapter Outlines and Important Terms beginning each chapter.
• "Profiles." A series of feature boxes throughout, introducing an artist of note in fuller biographical detail than is possible in the main text.
• "Masterworks." Another series of feature boxes, appearing in Part Two, drawing attention to significant works of art, architecture, and literature.

This edition also includes specific music illustrations for both the descriptive materials in Part One and the stylistic materials in Part Two. These examples in the music sections are accessible on the correlating compact disc available from Prentice Hall.

Table of Contents

Picture Credits	2	(8)
Preface	8	(4)
Introduction	12	(1)
What are the Arts and How Do We Respond to and Evaluate Them?	12	(4)
The Humanities and the Arts	13	(1)
What is Art?	14	(2)
The Functions of Art	16	(2)
Art Criticism	18	(4)
Types of Criticism	20	(1)
Making Judgments	21	(1)
Living with the Arts	22	(1)
Aesthetic Perception and Response	23	(6)
PART I: THE MEDIA OF THE ARTS
What Artists Use to Express ``Reality''	27	(2)
Pictures: Painting, Drawing, Printmaking, and Photography	29	(28)
What are they?	30	(1)
How are they Put Together?	30	(13)
Media	30	(7)
Composition	37	(6)
Profile: Pablo Picasso	43	(4)
Other Factors	46	(1)
How Do they Stimulate the Senses?	47	(4)
Contrasts	47	(3)
Dynamics	50	(1)
Painting and Human Reality: Gericault, The Raft of the ``Medusa''	51	(6)
Tromple l'oeil	52	(1)
Juxtaposition	52	(2)
Focus	54	(1)
Objectivity	54	(3)
Sculpture	57	(17)
What is it?	58	(1)
How is it Put Together?	59	(9)
Dimensionality	59	(1)
Methods of Execution	60	(4)
Composition	64	(4)
Sculpture and Human Reality: Michelangelo, David	68	(2)
Profile: Michelangelo	70	(1)
Other Factors	70	(1)
How does it Stimulate the Senses?	71	(3)
Touch	71	(1)
Temperature and Age	71	(1)
Dynamics	72	(1)
Size	72	(1)
Lighting and Environment	73	(1)
Music	74	(18)
What is it?	75	(2)
Art Song	75	(1)
Cantata	75	(1)
Concert Overture	75	(1)
Concerto	76	(1)
Fugue	76	(1)
Mass	76	(1)
Motet	76	(1)
Opera	76	(1)
Oratorio	76	(1)
Sonata	77	(1)
Suite	77	(1)
Symphony	77	(1)
How is it Put Together?	77	(4)
Sound	77	(2)
Rhythm	79	(2)
Profile: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	81	(4)
Melody	82	(1)
Harmony	82	(1)
Tonality	83	(1)
Texture	83	(1)
Form	84	(1)
How Does it Stimulate the Senses?	85	(1)
Opera	86	(4)
Music and Human Reality: Bizet, Carmen	90	(2)
Theatre	92	(19)
What is it?	93	(2)
Tragedy	93	(1)
Comedy	93	(1)
Tragicomedy	94	(1)
Melodrama	94	(1)
Performance Art	94	(1)
How is it Put Together?	95	(1)
The Script	95	(1)
Plot	96	(1)
Profile: William Shakespeare	96	(12)
Character	97	(1)
The Protagonist	98	(1)
Thought	98	(1)
Visual Elements	98	(6)
Aural Elements	104	(1)
Dynamics	104	(1)
The Actor	105	(1)
Verisimilitude	105	(3)
How Does it Stimulate the Senses?	108	(1)
Theatre and Human Reality: David Rabe, Hurly-Burly	109	(2)
Film	111	(12)
What is it?	112	(1)
Narrative Film	112	(1)
Documentary Film	113	(1)
Absolute Film	113	(1)
How is it Put Together?	113	(2)
Editing	113	(1)
Camera Viewpoint	114	(1)
Profile: D. W. Griffith	115	(2)
Cutting within the Frame	115	(1)
Dissolves	116	(1)
Focus	116	(1)
Movement	116	(1)
Lighting	116	(1)
How does it Stimulate the Senses?	117	(2)
Crosscutting	118	(1)
Tension Build-up and Release	118	(1)
Film and Human Reality: Sergei Eisenstein, Battleship Potemkin	119	(4)
Direct Address	120	(1)
Magnitude and Convention	120	(1)
Structural Rhythm	121	(2)
Dance	123	(15)
What is it?	124	(1)
Ballet	124	(1)
Modern Dance	124	(1)
Folk Dance	124	(1)
How is it Put Together?	125	(8)
Formalized Movement	125	(2)
Line, Form, and Repetition	127	(2)
Rhythm	129	(1)
Mime and Pantomime	130	(1)
Idea Content	130	(1)
Music	131	(2)
Dance and Human Reality: Martha Graham, Appalachian Spring	133	(1)
Profile: Martha Graham	134	(2)
Mise-en-Scene	134	(2)
Lighting	136	(1)
How Does it Stimulate the Senses?	136	(2)
Moving Images	136	(1)
Force	136	(1)
Sign Language	136	(1)
Color	137	(1)
Architecture	138	(30)
What is it?	140	(1)
How is it Put Together?	140	(19)
Structure	140	(3)
Building Materials	143	(7)
Line, Repetition, and Balance	150	(3)
Scale and Proportion	153	(1)
Context	154	(1)
Space	155	(3)
Climate	158	(1)
Profile: Frank Lloyd Wright	159	(1)
How does it Stimulate the Senses?	159	(1)
Controlled Vision and Symbolism	159	(1)
Architecture and Human Reality: Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye	160	(8)
Style	161	(2)
Apparent Function	163	(3)
Dynamics	166	(1)
Scale	166	(2)
Literature	168	(25)
What is it?	169	(1)
Fiction	169	(1)
Profile: Toni Morrison	169	(1)
Literature and Human Reality: Alice Walker, ``Roselilly''	170	(3)
Poetry	172	(1)
Biography	172	(1)
Essays	172	(1)
Drama	173	(1)
How is it Put Together?	173	(2)
Fiction	173	(1)
Poetry	174	(1)
Biography	175	(1)
How does it Stimulate the Senses?	175	(9)
Fiction	176	(1)
``A Rose for Emily''	176	(3)
William Faulkner
Poetry	179	(1)
``The Seven Ages of Man''	179	(1)
William Shakespeare
The Canterbury Tales, ``The Cook's Prologue'' and ``The Cook's Tale''	179	(1)
Geoffrey Chaucer
``Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening''	180	(1)
Robert Frost
``Musee des Beaux Arts''	181	(1)
W.H. Auden
Biography	181	(1)
``God Brought Me Safe''	181	(1)
John Wesley
Essay	182	(1)
``The Benefits of Luxury, in Making a People More Wise and Happy''	182	(1)
Oliver Goldsmith
PART II: THE STYLES OF THE ARTS
How Artists Portray ``Reality''	183	(1)
Style	184	(1)
How can we Analyze Style?	184	(3)
Style and Culture	187	(1)
How Does a Style Get its Name?	187	(4)
Approaching Part II of the Text	191	(2)
``Reality''	191	(1)
Organization	191	(1)
Art from Many Cultures	191	(2)
Ancient Approaches c.30,000 to c.480 B.C.	193	(23)
Paleolithic European Art	194	(3)
Sculpture	194	(2)
Cave Painting	196	(1)
Masterwork: The Tell Asmar Statues	197	(2)
Sumer	199	(2)
Assyria	201	(1)
Judea	202	(2)
The Temple of Solomon	202	(1)
The Hebrew Bible	202	(1)
Psalms 22, 130, and 133	203	(1)
Ancient Egypt	204	(4)
Old Kingdom	205	(3)
Profile: Nefertiti	208	(3)
New Kingdom	209	(2)
Ancient China	211	(1)
Native America	212	(1)
Archaic Greece	213	(3)
Archaic Style	214	(1)
Architecture - the Doric Style	214	(1)
Music	214	(1)
Literature	215	(1)
Artistic Reflections in the Pre-Modern World c.600 B.C. to A.D. 1400	216	(53)
Greek Classicism	217	(3)
Classical Painting	217	(1)
Classical Sculpture	218	(1)
Classical Theatre	218	(2)
Masterwork: Myron - Discus Thrower	220	(7)
Classical Architecture	222	(2)
Late Classical Style in Sculpture	224	(1)
Hellenistic Style	224	(3)
Africa	227	(3)
Nok Style	228	(1)
Igbo-Ukwu Style	228	(1)
Ife Style	228	(2)
Djenne Style	230	(1)
Benin Style	230	(1)
China	230	(5)
Chinese Sculptural Style	230	(1)
Chinese Architectural Style	231	(1)
Chinese Painting Style	232	(1)
Chinese Theatrical Style	233	(2)
Imperial Roman Classicism	235	(8)
Roman Sculptural Style	235	(2)
Roman Literary Style	237	(1)
Virgil, The Aeneid, extract from Book I	237	(3)
Roman Architectural Style	240	(3)
Japan	243	(2)
Japanese Style in Architecture	243	(1)
Japanese Style in Painting and Sculpture	243	(1)
Japanese Style in Theatre	244	(1)
Byzantium	245	(6)
Byzantine Style	246	(1)
Byzantine Architecture	246	(2)
Byzantine Style in Mosaics and Ivories	248	(3)
Islam	251	(4)
Islamic Style in Visual Art	254	(1)
Islamic Style in Literature	254	(1)
Islamic Style in Architecture	254	(1)
Native America	255	(1)
Medieval Europe	256	(1)
Medieval Musical Style	256	(1)
Profile: Hildegard of Bingen	256	(13)
Romanesque Style in Architecture	257	(1)
Romanesque Style in Sculpture	258	(1)
Medieval Literature	259	(1)
The Song of Roland	259	(3)
Gothic Painting	262	(1)
Gothic Architecture: The Cathedral	263	(1)
Gothic Sculpture	264	(1)
Medieval Theatre	265	(4)
Artistic Styles in the Emerging Modern World c.1400 to c.1800	269	(47)
The Renaissance	270	(16)
Renaissance Painting in Florence	270	(1)
Renaissance Sculpture in Florence	271	(2)
Renaissance Literature	273	(3)
Renaissance Architecture	276	(1)
The High Renaissance in Rome	276	(4)
Flanders	280	(4)
Germany	284	(1)
Late Renaissance Theatre in England	284	(2)
Masterwork: Shakespeare - Hamlet	286	(2)
Renaissance Music	287	(1)
Asian Styles	288	(2)
China	288	(1)
India	288	(1)
Muslim and Hindu Architecture	289	(1)
Japan	290	(2)
Painting Style	290	(1)
Imari Porcelain	291	(1)
Kabuki Theatre	292	(1)
Baroque Style in Europe	292	(7)
Catholic Reformation Baroque	293	(2)
Aristocratic Baroque	295	(3)
Bourgeois Baroque	298	(1)
Baroque Music	298	(1)
Profile: Johann Sebastian Bach	299	(2)
The Enlightenment in Europe	301	(7)
Rococo Style in Painting	301	(1)
Rococo Style in Sculpture	302	(1)
Rococo Style in Interiors	303	(1)
Satire	303	(1)
Landscape and Portraiture	304	(1)
Still Life and Genre	304	(2)
Neoclassical Style	306	(1)
Musical Classicism	307	(1)
Masterwork: David - The Oath of the Horatii	308	(3)
Literature	311	(5)
Satire	311	(1)
Jonathan Swift, ``A Modest Proposal''	311	(3)
Social Observation and Reform	314	(1)
Samuel Johnson, The Idler	315	(1)
The Beginnings of Modernism c.1800 to c.1900	316	(41)
Japanese Style in Printmaking	317	(1)
Hokusai	317	(1)
Hiroshige	318	(1)
Africa and Early Black America	318	(4)
Art and Ancestor Worship	318	(1)
Transportation to America	319	(1)
African American Music	319	(3)
Native America	322	(6)
Influences	322	(1)
Symbolism	322	(1)
Inuit Style	322	(1)
Northwest Coastal Style	323	(1)
Literary Style	324	(1)
Bright Eyes, ``Nedawi''	325	(3)
The Industrial West	328	(5)
Neoclassical Style	328	(2)
Romantic Style	330	(3)
Profile: Rosa Bonheur	333	(3)
Painting	330	(2)
Sculpture	332	(1)
Literature	332	(3)
Music	335	(1)
Masterwork: Austen - Pride and Prejudice	336	(3)
Profile: Johannes Brahms	339	(18)
Theatre	341	(2)
Ballet	343	(4)
Architecture	347	(1)
Realism	348	(1)
Impressionism	349	(2)
Post-Impressionism	351	(1)
Art Nouveau	352	(1)
Experimentation in Architecture	352	(5)
Pluralism in a Modern and Postmodern Age 1900-2000	357	(44)
Native America	358	(5)
Fiction	358	(3)
Poetry	361	(1)
Ceramics and Painting	362	(1)
Music	362	(1)
Africa	363	(3)
Sculptural Style	363	(2)
African Influence on Western Art	365	(1)
African Tribal Music	365	(1)
African America	366	(5)
Harlem Renaissance	366	(4)
Jazz	370	(1)
Dance	370	(1)
Liberation in the Theatre	370	(1)
America and Europe	371	(17)
Expressionism	371	(1)
Cubism	372	(3)
Fauvism	375	(1)
Futurism	375	(1)
Abstraction	375	(4)
Surrealism	379	(1)
Realism	379	(1)
Abstract Expressionism	380	(2)
Pop Art	382	(1)
Hard Edge	382	(1)
Primary Structures	382	(1)
Environmental Art	383	(1)
Feminism	383	(3)
Modernism	386	(2)
Masterwork: Wright-Kaufmann House	388	(8)
Ultrarationalism and Beyond	393	(2)
Postmodernism	395	(1)
Profile: Richard Danielpour	396	(5)
Neoabstraction	398	(1)
``New'' Realism	398	(3)
Notes	401	(1)
Glossary	402	(6)
Bibliography	408	(2)
Index	410