The Twelfth Edition of this best-selling, topically organized anthology provides a superb balance of historical selections and recent material. Now a part of Wadsworth's new Advantage Series and issued for the first time in a paperback format at a reduced price, this new edition features more readings than ever before--79 total--all, where necessary, in the finest translations available. The readings complement each other and naturally build on the topic being covered. Clear, concise introductions to each Part provide just enough guidance to let students learn from experiencing the readings themselves. The text's long-heralded selection of readings covers topics such as reason and religious belief, human knowledge, mind and its place in nature, determinism, free will and responsibility, and morality and its critics in five parts with careful attention to opposing points of view.

Preface
Prologue: A Philosophical Dialogue	p. 1
Plato: Euthyphro	p. 2
Reason and Religious Belief	p. 14
The Ontological Argument, from Proslogium	p. 19
The Ontological Argument	p. 21
The Five Ways, from Summa Theologica	p. 30
A Modern Formulation of the Cosmological Argument, from A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God	p. 32
The Cosmological Argument	p. 33
The Argument from Design, from Natural Theology	p. 41
The Panda's Thumb, from The Panda's Thumb: More Reflections in Natural History	p. 46
Senseless Signs of History, from The Panda's Thumb: More Reflections in Natural History	p. 50
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, II-XI	p. 51
Rebellion, from The Brothers Karamazov	p. 83
Evil and Omnipotence	p. 88
The Problem of Evil: Some Traditional Defenses	p. 96
The Problem of Evil: The Free Will Defense	p. 103
The Ethics of Belief	p. 111
The Wager, from Pensees	p. 115
You Bet Your Life: Pascal's Wager Defended	p. 119
The Will to Believe	p. 128
Beyond God the Father	p. 136
Human Knowledge: Its Grounds and Limits	p. 144
A Brain in a Vat	p. 152
The Problem of the Criterion	p. 157
Meditations on First Philosophy (complete)	p. 165
The Causal Theory of Perception, from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding	p. 195
Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous (complete)	p. 202
An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding, II, IV-VII	p. 247
An Encounter with David Hume	p. 270
Science and Myth	p. 287
The Opinion in McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education	p. 291
The Fixation of Belief	p. 295
Some Consequences of Four Incapacities	p. 300
Mind and Its Place in Nature	p. 302
The Subject of Consciousness, from Philosophy of Mind	p. 308
Behaviorism, Materialism and Functionalism, from Matter and Consciousness	p. 322
Minds, Brains, and Programs, from The Behavioral and Brain Sciences	p. 336
Robots and Minds	p. 348
Star Witness	p. 353
Where Am I?, from Brainstorms	p. 369
Survival: The Problem of Identity	p. 377
A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality	p. 383
Why Immortality Is Not So Bad	p. 401
Determinism, Free Will, and Responsibility	p. 410
The Illusion of Free Will, from System of Nature	p. 418
Beyond Freedom and Dignity	p. 423
Freedom and Necessity, from Philosophical Essays	p. 431
Sanity and the Metaphysics of Responsibility	p. 436
Has the Self 'Free Will'?, from On Selfhood and Godhood	p. 445
Free Will, Self Construction, and Anguish	p. 456
The Natural Lottery	p. 463
Trying Our Luck	p. 467
Uneven Starts and Just Deserts	p. 472
Self-Love and the Claims of Morality	p. 476
Relativism and Ultimate Disagreements About Ethical Principles, from Ethical Theory	p. 485
The Challenge of Cultural Relativism, from The Elements of Moral Philosophy	p. 488
Relativism, from Morality: An Introduction to Ethics	p. 495
Psychological Egoism	p. 497
The Conscience of Huckleberry Finn	p. 508
Moral Luck	p. 515
Utilitarianism, Chapters 1 and 2	p. 522
Famine, Affluence, and Morality	p. 534
The Ethics of Emergencies, from The Virtue of Selfishness	p. 541
Ethical Egoism, from The Elements of Moral Philosophy	p. 545
What Makes Acts Right?, from The Right and the Good	p. 552
The Categorical Imperative, from Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals	p. 559
From A Theory of Justice	p. 567
Letter from Birmingham Jail, from Why We Can't Wait	p. 572
Justice and Gender, from Justice, Gender and the Family	p. 581
The Immoralists' Challenge, from The Republic, Book II	p. 594
Socrates' Answer (in part), from The Republic, Books II, III, and IV	p. 600
The Reconciliation Project	p. 623
Glossary	p. 637
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